1997 Georgia Tech MLK Tournament Questions by Vanderbilt =0D 1. For both transcendental equations such as "cosine x equals x" and equations in the form "f of x equals zero" where f is a polynomial of degree five or higher, there is no formula for finding the exact roots. The function's graph, however, may yield a first approximation of the root, and tangent lines will give a sequence of successive approximations that converges to the desired root. FTP, name this iterative process named after one of the founders of calculus. Answer: Newton's Method =0D 2. His wife, Elka, died after they had been married for twenty years, during which time she bore six bastard children and convinced him that they were his. A simple baker from Frampol, he had seven nicknames in all, including imbecile, flax-head, glump, and the epithet for which he is best known. FTP, name this title character of a famous short story by Isaac Bashevis Singer. Answer: Gimpel the Fool (Gimpl tam) =0D 3. Tobacco smoke has a bluish appearance, since a polychromatic beam of light passed through a medium containing particles with diameter less than one-twentieth of the wavelength of the light will appear to be blue. At higher particle diameters, the scattered light remains polychromatic. FTP, what is this phenomenon of the dispersion of light beams by colloidal suspensions, named for the British physicist who studied it? Answer: the Tyndall effect =0D 4. He became chief of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues after one of his close aides was exposed as a spy. A member of the Social Democratic party, he was living in exile in Sweden when he gave up his birth name, Herbert Frahm. FTP, name this winner of the 1971 Nobel Peace Prize, elected chancellor of West Germany in 1969. Answer: Willy Brandt =0D 5. This song earned its artist a "Keep Her in Her Place" award from the National Organization for Women, whose founder said, "Were I sixteen and pregnant, that song could keep me pregnant." FTP, name this 1974 hit tune, viewed as a "joyous celebration of motherhood" by its artist, Paul Anka. Answer: "You're Having My Baby" =0D 6. An adherent of Manichaeanism for nine years, he attacked it later in life with treatises such as On Free Will. His feast day is August 28, and he fought the Donatists and Pelagians while serving as Bishop of Hippo. FTP, name this great Latin Father, Doctor of the Church and scholar, best known for Confessions and The City of God. Answer: Saint Augustine =0D 7. The Manua group, Swains Island, Rose Island, Aunuu, and Tutuila, which houses a U.S. naval base, comprise this 77-square-mile entity. The people of what were called the Navigators Islands in the 18th century are a branch of the Polynesians. FTP, what is this unincorporated territory of the United States, cut off at 171 degrees west longitude, with its capital at Pago Pago? Answer: American Samoa =0D 8. According to this plan, Army Group South advanced southeast from south Poland beginning on June 22, 1941, while Army Group Centre moved northeast toward Smolensk and Minsk, and Army Group North moved through Lithuania and Latvia to Leningrad. Initial progress was rapid, but Hitler's interference with the operation led to disaster during the Russian winter. FTP, what was the German code name for this plan to invade the Soviet Union, which means "red beard?" Answer: Operation Barbarossa =0D 9. He wrote a treatise on money and participated in the Fifth Lateran Council's commission on calendar reform. His greatest work was finished in 1530 but was not published until just months before his death in 1543. FTP, who was this astronomer who proposed a heliocentric universe in his On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres? Answer: Nicolaus Copernicus =0D 10. Its author specified three categories of novels which it included: Analytic Studies, Philosophical Studies, and Studies of Manners, and he set them in six scenes: private, provincial, country, military, political, and Parisian life. The Wild Ass's Skin, The Country Doctor, A Harlot High and Low, Eugenie Grandet, and Cousin Bette are among the about 90 novels of which it consists. FTP, what is this series of books, intended to comprehend the whole of contemporary society, by Honor=FE de Balzac. Answer: The Human Comedy (Le Com=FEdie humaine) =0D 11. He worked on the specific heats of gases at high temperatures and devised an optical pyrometer for measuring temperatures beyond the range of mercury thermometers. He is best known for formulating a law which is a result of the law of conservation of energy. FTP, name this French chemist who in 1888 stated that if a system is in equilibrium, any change imposed on the system tends to shift the equilibrium to nullify the effect of the change. Answer: Henri Le Chatelier=0C12. The Austrian ambassador laughed aloud at it. While the evening was still young, Camille Saint-Sa=FEns rose from his seat, made a sarcastic remark, and left. At the same time, Maurice Ravel was shouting "genius" and Claude Debussy was pleading for silence as the audience whistled and hissed. FTP, this describes the tumultuous Paris premiere, in 1913, of which famous ballet by Igor Stravinsky? Answer: The Rite of Spring (Le sacre du printemps) =0D 13. After publishing 1601, an underground classic in pornography, he said, "If there is a decent word in it, it is because I overlooked it." When the publishing company he co-founded with his nephew folded in 1894, he was forced to lecture for four years to pay off the debt; meanwhile, pessimism was replacing the casual fun of his early works. FTP, name this author who collaborated with Charles Dudley Warner on the satirical novel The Gilded Age. Answer: Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens) =0D 14. She became a Quaker minister in 1821 and helped to found the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. After being refused a seat at the 1840 World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London, she began to dedicate her efforts to feminism. FTP, name this reformer, who in 1848 organized the Seneca Falls Convention with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Answer: Lucretia Coffin Mott =0D 15. She is often portrayed as traveling with Death, who gives her souls to eat. She is also said to be a cannibalistic ogress who cooks humans, her teeth of stone tearing their flesh. Some legends say she causes storms as she flies through the air in an iron kettle. Her house is in a clearing surrounded by a picket fence topped with talking skulls, and sits on enormous fowls' legs. FTP, name this witch of Russian folklore. Answer: Baba Yaga =0D 16. She married a member of the Iron Holders' Union and went to Chicago, where the great fire of 1871 destroyed all of her possessions. She went to coal camps disguised as a peddler to investigate conditions caused by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. FTP, name this Irish- born centenarian who fought for justice and dignity for laborers across America. Answer: Mary "Mother Jones" Harris =0D 17. Its artist's only monumental canvas, it was completed in 1819, three years after the event it depicts. The artist's endless sketches, extensive interviews, and historical research are not reflected in the romantic depiction of the fate of a government vessel bound for Senegal. FTP, name this painting of men adrift on the threatening sea, known as Theodore Gericault's most famous work. Answer: The Raft of the Medusa =0D 19. First described by Leo Kanner in 1943, it begins before the age of three and is characterized by self-stimulation, ritualistic behavior, intolerance of environmental change, and unusual or absent speech. FTP, name this severe disorder, somewhat similar to schizophrenia, in which children exhibit extreme discomfort toward any social contact. Answer: autism (autistic disorder) =0D 20. Its author claimed to have written it in only twenty minutes, though he had been thinking about its subject for several months--perhaps because he was over eighty years old and was destined to die soon, in 1892. He also wished that it should appear at the end of each edition of his poetry. FTP, name this Tennyson poem inspired by a voyage near the Isle of Wight. Answer: "Crossing the Bar" =0D 21. Its outer wall had four stories, and its arches were framed by superimposed orders of columns, with Doric on the ground level, Ionic on the middle level, and Corinthian on the third level. On the fourth level were masts on which to hang an awning to protect spectators from the sun. FTP, this describes which fifty-thousand-seat structure completed in 80 AD and also called the Flavian amphitheater, a main tourist attraction in Rome? Answer: the Colosseum (accept Flavian Amphitheater early) =0D 22. This poem's author studied literature at Vanderbilt University with John Crowe Ransom before following Ransom to teach at Kenyon College. The poem, beginning "From my mother's sleep I fell into the State," portrays a young man who is killed in a bomber during World War II. FTP, name the poem by Randal Jarrell in which the title character is killed and subsequently washed out of the plane with a hose. Answer: The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner =0C23. This type of mineral is composed of linked SiO4 tetrahedra with cations and hydroxyl groupings between its layers. Flexible, elastic flakes of it are used as electrical insulators and as the dielectric in capacitors. The three main types of it are lepidolite, biotite, and muscovite. FTP, what is this name for a silicate mineral with layered structure, which is notable for its perfect basal cleavage? Answer: mica =0D 24. He served as advisor to the governor of Hispaniola before becoming America's first ordained priest in 1512. For his service he was rewarded with a grant of land and Indian servants, but his disgust with the abuse of the natives led him to give up his reward and fight against the encomienda system. FTP, name this Spanish missionary and "Apostle of the Indians," the first man to criticize the oppression of the Native Americans. Answer: Bartolom=FE de Las Casas =0D 25. This period was characterized by the development of shrubs and grasses and by the rise of modern mammals. It is subdivided into the Palaeocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocine, and Pliocine epochs. Following the Cretaceous, it lasted from about 65 million years ago until about 2 million years ago. FTP, name this older geological period of the Cenozoic era, which not coincidentally is also an adjective describing what question we're on=2E Answer: Tertiary =0D 26. Among its notable features are a library, magnificent gardens, and an extensive art collection. It was deeded by the American diplomat Robert Woods Bliss to Harvard in 1940. In 1944 it was the site of conversations held by representatives of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China, resulting in proposals which led to the San Francisco Conference of 1945. FTP, what is this estate which hosted the meetings leading to the formation of the United Nations? Answer: Dumbarton Oaks =0D 27. Based on Bosch's painting The Adoration of the Magi, it tells the story of a young crippled boy who, after giving his crutch to Kaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar to take to Christ, is miraculously healed and decides to join the wise men on their journey. It was originally broadcast by NBC in 1951. FTP, name this one-act television opera by Gian Carlo Menotti. Answer: Amahl and the Night Visitors =0D 28. Under the name Joseph Kell he published the books One Hand Clapping and Inside Mr. Enderby. Works published under his own name include The End of the World News and The Wanting Seed. His most famous work tells the story of Alex, a classical music lover and member of a violent gang, and is notable for its Russian-influenced language of slang using words such as "freakshow." FTP, who wrote the dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange? Answer: Anthony Burgess =0D 29. They consist of two principal parts: the axis, or spinelike central structure; and the barb, or side branch of the stem. All the barbs together form the vane, or fringe. The axis consists of the barb-bearing shaft and the hollow quill, which is rooted in a small sac of the skin. They are similar in structure and origin to the scales of fish and reptiles. FTP, name these objects which serve as sex differentiators, protect from water and cold, and aid the flight of birds. Answer: feathers =0D 30. The birthplace of Admiral George Dewey, it is located at the confluence of the Winooski and North Branch rivers and became the capital of its state in 1805. FTP, name this town of fewer than ten thousand people found 37 miles southwest of Burlington, Vermont. Answer: Montpelier =0C1997 Georgia Tech MLK Tournament Questions by Vanderbilt =0D =0D 2. Solve the following problems from probability and statistics for fifteen points each. 1. Suppose that out of a group of fifty (50) college bowl players, fifteen (15) are dorks, twenty (20) are geeks, and five (5) are both dorky and geeky. How many of the college- bowlers are neither dorks nor geeks? Answer: twenty (20) 2. If the variance of the random variable X is equal to ten (10), what is the variance of "2X?" Answer: forty (40)--two squared times ten =0D 3. Identify the following characters from Hamlet from quotations, 5-10-15=2E 1. 5 pts: He advises his son Laertes to "Neither a borrower nor a lender be." Answer: Polonius 2. 10 pts: While inspecting the carnage at the end of the play, he says, "Such a sight as this / Becomes the field, but here shows much amiss." Answer: Fortinbras 3. 15 pts: This officer speaks the famous line "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark." Answer: Marcellus =0D 4. Given a ridiculous quote or scene from a critically maligned film from 1996, name the movie for ten points each. 1. Jennifer Tilly stars as a Vanity Fair reporter attempting to uncover a murderous revenge plot; at one point, she asks her date, "So--is it true there are 147 political parties in Bulgaria?" Answer: Bird of Prey 2. In this "family comedy," Alice the maid talks about Sam the butcher bringing her "a special tubesteak." Answer: A Very Brady Sequel 3. Colorized footage from World War II appears in this Kelsey Grammer "comedy." Answer: Down Periscope =0D 5. Name the country from clues on a 30-20-10 basis. 1. Only 0.8 percent of its inhabitants make their living in agriculture--the lowest percentage of any nation in the world. 2. It was ceded in 1819 by the Sultan of Johore, who lent his name to a nearby strait. 3. A British colony until 1959, it was part of the Federation of Malaysia before becoming a separate nation in 1965. Answer: Singapore =0D 6. Name the following blood vessels for the stated number of points. 1. 5 points: This vessel returns blood from the trunk and legs to the heart. Answer: inferior vena cava (or posterior v.c. or postcaval vein) 2. 10 points: These two arteries branch from the aorta and encircle the organ which they provide with blood. The blood which goes through them is eventually passed back into the right auricle without entering the vena cava. Answer: coronary arteries 3. 15 points: In general this means any vein which collects blood from a capillary system and distributes it to another. It is specifically applied to a vein which collects blood from the intestine and carries it to the liver. Answer: portal vein =0D 7. Answer the following about the history of ancient Egypt for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: The temple at Karnak and Abu Simbel were built during this man's reign. He is believed to the Pharaoh of the Hebrew oppression. Answer: Ramesses the Second (Rameses, Ramses, etc.) 2. 10 pts: Also known as Aha, Narmer, or Scorpion, he united upper and lower Egypt around 3150 B.C. Answer: Menes 3. 15 pts: This last Egyptian king was put to death by order of Octavian in 30 B.C. Answer: Ptolemy the Fourteenth (Ptolemy XIV) =0C8. For ten points each, name the following Russian literary works from clues about their various characters named "Ivan." 1. Ivan is the intellectual skeptic of the group in this work by Dostoyevsky. Answer: The Brothers Karamazov 2. This Tolstoy short story tells of the terminal illness of a petty government official named Ivan. Answer: The Death of Ivan Ilyich 3. This first novel of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn presents a man named Ivan who lives in a gulag. Answer: One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich =0D 9. For ten points each, identify the following World War I battles from clues. Each name is given to multiple battles, but you don't have to specify. 1. The second of these battles in northern France is regarded as the turning point of the war. It also saw the first decisive victory by American troops. Answer: Battles of the Marne 2. The second of these three battles near a Belgian town in west Flanders was notable for the Germans' first use of chlorine gas. Answer: Battles of Ypres 3. The first of these battles on another river in northern France was an offensive planned jointly by Joffre and Haig and resulted in 615,000 Allied and 500,000 German casualties. Answer: Battles of the Somme =0D 10. For ten points each, name the following governmental systems from descriptions. 1. A system in which all social, political, economic, intellectual, cultural, and spiritual activities are subordinated to the purposes of the rulers of the state. Answer: totalitarianism 2. This autocratic political system, in which total power is vested in a single individual, is embodied by Louis XIV's statement "I am the state." Answer: absolutism 3. A theoretical system of government based on principles devised by scientists and engineers and also administered by them. Answer: technocracy =0D 12. Identify the following authors of Arthurian works from clues for ten points each. 1. This 15th century English knight was apparently serving a prison sentence for rape when he began his work, the first account of the Arthurian legend written in modern English prose. Answer: Sir Thomas Malory 2. This French poet wrote five Arthurian romances and introduced the Holy Grail and Lancelot's affair with Guenever into the Arthurian myth. Answer: Chretien de Troyes 3. This poet wrote three long blank-verse poems based on King Arthur stories: Merlin, Lancelot, and Tristram, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Answer: Edwin Arlington Robinson =0D 13. Name the following figures associated with or opposed to the U.S. Civil Rights movement for ten points each. 1. He was the first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi. Answer: James Howard Meredith 2. This governor of Mississippi ordered the arrest of Federal officials who tried to enforce the court order admitting Meredith. Answer: Ross Barnett 3. He organized the 1941 March on Washington that prompted FDR to issue a fair employment practices executive order. Answer: A(sa) Philip Randolph =0C14. Answer the following about the writings of Henry Miller for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: Name his controversial 1939 account of his years with the telegraph company. Answer: Tropic of Capricorn 2. 10 pts: In this 1945 book of sketches, Miller complains about the materialism and spiritual and cultural desolation of the U.S. Answer: The Air-Conditioned Nightmare 3. 15 pts: For five points each, give the three works that make up Miller's Rosy Crucifixion trilogy. Answer: Sexus, Plexus, Nexus =0D =0D 16. Name the following religious terms or people beginning with the letter "E" for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: She explained her religious system in the work Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures. Answer: Mary Baker Eddy 2. 10 pts: It records visions and prophecies of the destruction of Jerusalem in 582 BC and is the third of the major prophet Old Testament books. Answer: Ezekiel 3. 15 pts: This term was first used in the 19th century with the critical analysis of the New Testament. It is a branch of systematic theology concerned with the study of final, last things. Answer: eschatology =0D 17. Identify the following works of modern architecture for ten points each. 1. Henry Hobson Richardson died before this pioneering seven-story commercial structure was completed in Chicago in 1887. Answer: Marshall Field Wholesale Store 2. Rescued from demolition in 1975 by enlightened governmental action, this massive, steel- framed St. Louis landmark was designed by Louis Sullivan. Answer: Wainwright Building 3. The International Style is abandoned entirely in this most striking of Le Corbusier's late works, an irregularly-shaped pilgrimage destination on a hilltop. Answer: Chapel of Notre-Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp, France =0D 18. Identify the following about some slightly more obscure events of 1776 for ten points each. 1. This Russian adviser to Catherine the Great built the Black Sea fleet in 1776. Answer: Grigory Potemkin 2. This man's construction of the "Connecticut Turtle" for use against the British pioneers the use of the submarine in warfare. Answer: David Bushnell 3. This organization was founded by five men at the College of William and Mary. Answer: Phi Beta Kappa Society =0D 19. On a 30-20-10 basis identify the physicist from clues. 30 points: This man who collaborated with Ernest Rutherford was the chief scientist associated with the British atomic bomb effort. 20 points: He received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his most famous discovery. 10 points: That greatest achievement was the 1932 discovery of the neutron. Answer: Sir James Chadwick =0D 20. Identify the following historical political parties in Europe for ten points each. 1. Founded by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, it became the sole legal party after the triumph of Franco. Answer: Falange 2. These far left members of the French Revolutionary government rose to power over the Girondists and began the Reign of Terror. Answer: Montagnards (The Mountain) 3. Finally suppressed in 1922, this moderate faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor party broke with Lenin at the 1903 congress. Answer :Mensheviks =0C21. For ten points each, answer the following about paintings and skulls. 1. This portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger is famous for its image of a skull strangely elongated along a diagonal by the process of anamorphosis. Answer: The French Ambassadors 2. Some people claim there is a skull on the back of the artist's canvas (as seen within the painting) in this famous seventeenth-century depiction of the Spanish infanta Margarita and her retainers. Answer: Las Meninas (or The Maids of Honor, or The Ladies-in-Waiting) 3. After moving to New Mexico in 1949, this artist produced paintings of desert scenery including a close-up study of a cow's skull. Answer: Georgia O'Keeffe =0D 22. Name the following languages from clues for ten points each. 1. Friulian, Ladin, and Romansch are the three Swiss and Italian Romance dialects that fall into this group. Answer: Rhaeto-Romanic 2. A member of the Austronesian family, it was renamed "Pilipino" and was made the official language of the Philippines in 1962. Answer: Tagalog 3. Closely related to Scottish Gaelic, it was spoken by all natives of the Isle of Man until about 1700 but had disappeared completely by 1950. Answer: Manx =0D 23. Answer the following questions about a famous riddle for ten points each. 1. This riddle was, according to myth, asked to Oedipus by what monster? Answer: the sphinx 2. What was the riddle of the sphinx (you don't need the exact words, just an accurate paraphrase)? Answer: What goes on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three at evening? (note to reader: any answer that says "what goes on four legs, then two, then three" or similar is sufficient) 3. What was the answer to the riddle of the sphinx? Answer: man (accept equivalents) =0D 24. Identify the following 20th century poems from quotes for ten points each or from their authors for five. 1. 10 points: "My friend, you would not tell with such high zest/To children ardent for some desperate glory,/The old Lie:" 5 points: Wilfred Owen Answer: Dulce Et Decorum Est 2. 10 points: "The whiskey on your breath/Could make a small boy dizzy;" 5 points: Theodore Roethke Answer: My Papa's Waltz 3. 10 points: "I've bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young./I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep." 5 points: Langston Hughes Answer: The Negro Speaks of Rivers =0D 25. For the stated number of points, given some inventions, name the scientist responsible for all of them. 1. 5 pts: An improved hygrometer, and the first thermometer to use mercury rather than alcohol. Answer: Gabriel Fahrenheit 2. 10 pts: The ice calorimeter, the zinc-carbon electric cell, and the spectroscope Answer: Robert Bunsen 3. 15 pts: Cordite (a smokeless gunpowder), and the first vacuum bottle, which is named for him. Answer: Sir James Dewar =0D 26. Identify the following ancient African kingdoms for fifteen points each. 1. Located in Nubia, it conquered Egypt around 700 BC and had its capital at Meroe until its capture by the Axomites around AD 350. Its people are thought to have fled to the area near Lake Chad. Answer: Kush 2. Located in southwest Nigeria from 1000 to about 1880 AD, it had a capital of the same name and was the spiritual center of the Yoruba. Answer: Ife =0D =0C28. Answer the following about neurotransmitters for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: Neurotransmitters cross this space between nerve cells to transmit impulses. Answer: synaptic cleft 2. 10 pts: Known by a four-letter acronym, it is believed to be the transmitter at most inhibitory synapses in the brain. The brain has hundreds of times more of it than any other neurotransmitter. Answer: GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) 3. 15 pts: This family of biogenic amines is produced from tyrosine and includes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Answer: catecholamines =0D 29. Identify the following works of F. Scott Fitzgerald for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: This novel about the squandering of creative promise tells of an American psychiatrist in Zurich named Dick Diver and his love interest Nicole Warren. Answer: Tender Is the Night 2. 10 pts: An unfinished novel about a Hollywood producer, it was published posthumously in 1941. Answer: The Last Tycoon 3. 15 pts: Anthony Patch tries to inherit and spend his grandfather's money in this work, Fitzgerald's second novel. Answer: The Beautiful and (the) Damned =0D 30. Identify the following similar scientific terms for the stated number of points. 1. 5 points: The study of the motion of incompressible fluids and the interaction of such fluids with their boundaries. Answer: hydrodynamics 2. 10 points: A commercial technique for growing certain crop plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. Answer: hydroponics 3. 15 points: Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the addition of water to, or removal of water from, a molecule. Answer: hydrolase=0C