TOSSUPS T1. This culture flourished from 1200-100 BC and left behind what some historians bellieve to be America's oldest dated written work. The name of this civilization translates into "rubber people" in reference to the rubber-producing regions of Veracruz and Tabasco. FTP, name this ancient civilization, which introduced the "jaguar baby" rain god to Mesoamerican religion. Ans.: Olmecs T2. Even though South African military forces have been out of Namibia for quite some time, South Africa still keeps some measure of economic control on this neighboring country by owning the one deep-water port on Namibia's coast. FTP, name this South African enclave, a remnant of the resolution of World War I. Ans.: Walvis Bay T3. RenÈ Descartes called them "racines fausses" (ra-SEEN FOHS) and Michael Stifel referred to them as "numeri absurdi." In the sixteenth century they finally gained acceptance and allowed for the creation of the first true number line, stretching infinitly both left and right. FTP name this group of numbers. Ans.: negative numbers T4. The effects of this powerful hallucinogen are similar to those of LSD, and it is the central controversy in the peyote debate concerning Native American religious traditions. FTP, name this "cactus drug." Ans.: mescaline T5. The factorial of any integer is found by multiplying that integer by all natural numbers less than it. In the early 18th century, however, Euler extended this function to non-integers by means of a function based on an improper integral. FTP, identify this function named for a letter of the Greek alphabet. Ans.: the Gamma function T6. At the age of 25, this American businessman gained control of a small bank in East Boston and became the youngest bank president in the United States. He made a fortune in stocks, bonds, and real estate and was elected chairman of the newly created Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934. FTP name this patriarch of the "first family" of American politicians whose widow recently died at the age of 104. Ans.: Joseph Patrick Kennedy T7. This first commissioner of Yosemite National Park planned the grounds of the U.S. Capitol and contributed the design for the 1890-1893 World's Columbian Exposition of Chicago. FTP, identify this American landscape architect who accoompanied England's Calvert Vaux in designing New York's Central Park. Ans.: Frederic Law Olmsted T8. In a letter to the Duke of Milan, this Rennaissance artist boasted that he could "contrive various and endless means of offense and defense....In times of peace, I believe I can give perfect satisfaction...in architecture and the composition of buildings...and in the guiding of water from one place to another." Only in the closeing sentences does he mention his genius for painting and sculpture for which he is best known today. FTP, name this painter of The Virgin of the Rocks and The Last Supper. Ans.: Leonardo Da Vinci T9. During a famine in 491 BC, this Roman general suggested that no grain be given to the poor unless they gave up their right to elect representatives. For this he was exiled and joined the Volscians whom he led against Rome, but who killed him when he was persuaded by his wife and mother to spare Rome. FTP give the name of this Roman general whose tragic story is told by Shakespeare. Ans.: Coriolanus T10. He bacame one of the most popular composers of Italian opera but is better remembered for his chamber music and oratorios, most of which are based on Old Testament stories and passages. FTP, name this German-born composer, most of whose success came in England with his "Royal Fireworks Music," "Water Music," and "Messiah." Ans.: George Frederic Handel T11. Their name probably derives from the practice of wearing a bearskin shirt, rather than the more sensible choice of chain mail. FTP, name these warriors of Norse legend and history who have given their name to anyone who is frenzied of viciously unrestrained. Ans.: Berserk T12. When this outlaw learned that the governor had put a $500 bounty on him, he boldly responded by offering $1500 for the governor's head. He was eventually pardoned of all crimes in 1815, but after a raid on the Louisiana coast in 1821, his band of outlaws was destroyed and he dissappeared. FTP name this pirate who was instrumental in helping General Andrew Jackson's forces win the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. Ans.: Jean Laffite T13. His position as governor of Ceuta on the Morocco coast sparked his interest in the geography of Africa, but he never accompanied the voyages he sent down its west coast. FTP, name this son of King John I and Queen Philippa of Portugal. Ans.: Henry the Navigator T14. Under terms of this 1862 act, any person over the age of 21 who was the head of a family, and either a citizen or an alien who intended to become a citizen, could obtain the title to 160 acres of public land if he or she lived on it for five years and improved it. FTP name this act which attracted some 500,000 families westward. Ans.: Homestead Act T15. This Paris uprising saw Charles X overthrown by the middle class under Lafayette, who was the popular choice to head a new republican government. He refused the position and installed "The Citizen King," Louis Philippe. FTP, name this revolt, which produced Europe's most liberal constitution at the time and is comemorated by a bronze pillar on the site of the Bastille. Ans.: July Revolution of 1830 (accept either one; both aren't required) T16. This Italian was the first woman to recieve a medical degree from the University of Rome and she received much acclaim for her work with retarded children. She later started her own school and went on to become government inspector of schools in 1922. FTP name this Italian psychiatrist and pioneer in modern education noted for the progressive method of teaching which bears her name. Ans.: Maria Montessori T17. This son of a livery stable keeper never practiced medicine, which he studied in school, but turned to poetry. He dedicated his first volume to his friend, liberal hournalist Leigh Hunt, whose powerful Tory enemies blasted the novice poet's second work, which begins, "A thing of beauty is a joy forever." FTP, name this romantic, who produced "Hyperion" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn." Ans.: John Keats T18. The Buffalo Bills may have been the first NFL team to lose four Super Bowls consecutively, but, FTP, the dubious honor of being the first NFL team to lose four Super Bowls belongs to whom? Ans.: Minnesota Vikings T19. He was born in the fifth century. The Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, the only primary source on his life, reports that he was disgusted by Rome and left for a life of wilderness solitude but later settled at Cassino, which subsequently became the center of one of the most influential religious organizations in the world. FTP, name this fater of Western monasticism. Ans.: Saint Benedict T20. This artist's studies of broken prostitutes, corrupt judges, and sad clowns reflects his devout Catholic view of the evils of modern society and the misery of human beings in it. FTP name this painter who, prior to entering the studio of Gustave Moreau and meeting Henri Matisse, had been apprentinced to a stained-glass maker. Ans.: Georges Rouault (Roo-OH) BONUSES (30 points) B1. (30-20-10) Name this city. (30) It is the largest US city without an NBA franchise. (20) It does, however have an NFL and Major League Baseball Franchise. (10) The NFL team plays in the Jack Murphy Stadium. Ans.: San Diego B2. (25) Anser these questions about the dramatic events of April 14, 1865 for the stated number of points. 1. FTP, name the play that the Lincolns were watching in Ford's Theater. Ans.: Our American Cousin 2. For five points, Name the doctor who set Booth's leg, which he broke falling onto the stage. Ans.: Dr. Samuel Mudd 3. For five points apiece, Name the three high-ranking targets who survived Booth's assassination plot. Ans.: Andrew Johnson, William H. Seward, Ulysses S. Grant (accept also Edwin M. Stanton) B3. (30) 1939 is considered by many to be the zenith of film making. For five points each, name any six of the ten films nominated for best picture Academy Awards in 1939. Ans.: Dark Victory; Goodbye, Mr. Chips; Love Affairs; Mr. Smith Goes to Washington; Ninothchka; Of Mice and Men; Stagecoach; The Wizard of Oz; Wuthering Heights; Gone With the Wind B4. (30) Pope John Paul II was recently named Time's Man of the Year for 1994. FTP each, answer the following questions about the Pope. 1:What is the Pope's given name? Ans.:Karol Wojtyla 2:From what town in Poland is the Pope from? Ans.: Wadowice 3:What is the title of the Pope's recent best-selling book? Ans.: Crossing the Threshold of Hope B5. For ten points each, given a brief description, name the European city. a. It's situated on the banks of the Rio Guadalquiver on the Iberian peninsula. Perhaps its most famous fictional character was a barber. Ans.: Seville b. Located in central France, south of Paris and northeast of Bordeaux, this city is famous for it's blue and gold porcelain. Ans.: Limoges c. Located on the banks of Lake Geneva, this city houses the International Olympics museum. Ans.: Lausanne B6. (25) The objective of this doctrine is "the greatest happiness of the greatest number" and bases itself on the evident wish of mankind to obtain pleasure and avoid pain. For ten points for one correct and 25 for both, identify this philosophy and the English reformer who coined its name and outlined the idea in his Principles of Morals and Legislation. Ans.: Utilitarianism and Jeremy Bentham B7. (30-20-10) Name this person. (30) This 19th century physiscist, born in Belfast as William Thomson, devised the first mariner's compass that could compensate formagnetic interference aboard iron ships. (20) Quuun Victoria knighted him for his work as the electrical engineer in charge of laying the first successful transatlantic cable in 1866. (10) He invented the mirror galvanometer used in cable signaling and first suggestthe use of the gas thermometer for absolute temperature readings. Ans.: Lord or Baron Kelvin B8. (30-20-10) Name the actress from the clues. (30) She was born Lucille LeSur. She married four times, her fourth husband being the head of the Pepsi corporation. After his death she became the CEO. (20) Her first starring role was in the film Our Dancing Daughters. Her other famous roles include Sadie Thompson in Rain, the title role in Mildred Pierce, and the sister of the title character in Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (10) Her daughter Crystal wrote the book Mommy Dearest, a biography of this actress. Ans.: Joan Crawford B9 .(30) Chemical additives are present in most of the food we all eat. FTP each, given a description of a type of additive, identify that type. 1:These trap trace amounts of metal atoms that would otherwise cause food to discolor or go rancid. chelating agents 2:These keep the oil and water in foods mixed together. emulsifiers 3:These retard the reaction of oxygen in the air with fats. antioxidents B10. (30) The Abbey Theatre in Dublin is famous for its plays by Irish writers about Irish subjects, such as the work of Sean O'Casey, and is considered the national theater of Ireland. FTP each, identify the three founders of the Abbey Theatre, all of whom are known for the plays they wrote for it. Ans.: William Butler Yeats, Lady Gregory, John M. Synge B11. (30) For ten points each, identify they following figures from Hawaiian legend. 1. This nature goddess controls fire, volcanoes, and earthquakes and is said to reside beneath active Kilauea. Ans.: Pele 2. He brought the Hawaiian islands up from the bottom of the sea with a magic fish hook made from his grandmother's jawbone; the island named after him is sometimes called the Valley Isle. Ans.: Maui 3. They resemble the dwarfs and leprechauns of European folklore and are responsible for inexplicable minor events. Ams.: Menehune B12. (30) The geologic time periods we all know and love would never have been devised if Bishop Ussher's 6000-year chronology hadn't been challenged in the 18th century. Identify the following things about the concept of geologic time FTP apiece. 1. This principle, which states that the laws of nature do not change with time, was formulated in 1785 by James Hutton, who saw in the Earth "no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end." Ans.: Uniformitarianism 2. This creationist theory suggested that the Earth underwent forces of tremendous vilence during its 6-day formation; it was championed by French naturalist Baron Georges Cuvier, who suggested that each fossil series resulted from a special creation and was subsequenty destroyed by natural cataclysms. Ans.: Catastrophism 3. This is the period during which the theories of uniformitarianism and catastrophism were formulated. Ans.: Quaternary B13. (30) Its time for primordial alphabet soupóidentify these acronyms from the world of molecular biology and biochemistry FTP each. 1. PCR Ans.: Polymerase Chain Reaction 2. PAGE Ans.: Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis 3. RFLP Ans.: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism B14. In this case of life imitating art, the main character of the film All About Eve, Margo Channing, is an aging Broadway star whose secretary, Eve Harrington, is attempting to manipulate her for her own ends. For 15 points for each correct answer, identify the two actresses who played these roles and were in vicious competition with each other after both received best actress nominations for their work in All About Eve. Ans.: Bette Davis and Anne Baxter B15. (30) After a quick glance at a list of history's most influential mathematicians, one might notice it is almost exclusively male. FTP each identify the female mathematician being described in the following. 1:She made important contributions to Fermat's last thereom and recieved a prize from the French Academy for her mathematical analysis of elasticity in 1816. Ans.: Sophie Germain 2:She was never allowed a professorship in her native Russia, but taught at Sweden's Stockholm University and was an important link between the Russian mathematical community and its western Europe counterparts. Ans.: Sophia Kovalevskaia B16.FTP apiece, given the titles of two works of literature, identify the African author who penned them. 1:The Palace of Desire and Respected Sir Ans.: Naguib Mahfouz 2:The Road and Ake Ans.: Wole Soyinka 3:Occassion for Loving and Something Out There Ans.: Nadine Gordimer B17. (30-20-10) Identify this person (30) Born in 1890 in Moscow to a painter and a pianist, he studied music, switched to philosophy, and became famous for his poetry, although the Communists criticized his nonpolitical themes. (20) He initially accepted the 1958 Nobel prize for Literature but was expelled from the Soviet Writers' Union for doing so. A week later he announced his decision to decline the award. (10) He wrote several volumes of verse, begining with The Twin in the Clouds, but is best remembered for his novel Doctor Zhivago. Ans.: Boris Pasternak B18. (25) Here's a bonus on the Dead Sea scrolls. Answer these questions FTP each. (10) In what year were they first discovered? Ans.: 1947 (10) What Jewish sect did the Qumran caves' library belong to? Ans.: Essenes (10) The scrolls include copies of all the books of the Old Testament except which one? Ans.: Esther B19. (30) Given a song, for five points per correct answer, identify the musical it appeared in and which team of songwriters composed it. 1. Thank Heaven for Little Girls Ans.: Gigi, Lerner and Lowe 2. Shall We Dance? Ans.: The King and I, Rogers and Hammerstein 3. I Could Have Danced All Night Ans.: My Fair Lady, Lerner and Lowe B20. (30) When it comes to determining the most valuable player in college football, the Downtown Athletic Club and the NFL don't always agree. For five points for each correct answer: given the follwoing player and the year he was the top pick in the the draft, name the college where he played his last season and tell whether he won a Heisman during his amateur career. 1. Vinny Testaverde, 1987 Ans.: Miama, Yes 2. Steve Emtman, 1992 Ans.: Washington, No 3. Earl Campbell, 1978 Ans.: Texas, Yes