3M: CO History Doubles
Packet Seven
Questions by Eric Mukherjee, Mike Cheyne, and Mik Larsen

1.	In 1891, millionaire Hermann Oelrichs offered a $500 reward for proof of one of these events. After a series of them, the American Museum of Natural History convened a panel that incorrectly judged that more of these events were unlikely to take place. In response to fatal examples of them, residents of Matawan tried to use dynamite to collect a $100 reward. It's not a disease, but four people were killed in a series of these incidents in 1916 at New Jersey, which challenged scientific assumptions at the time. In 2003, one of these incidents affected Bethany Hamilton, the author of the memoir Soul Surfer. Hundreds of these violent incidents occurred after the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. For 10 points, name these incidents in which people in water are attacked by predators, many of which are seen in the movie Jaws.
ANSWER: shark attacks

2.	This event was portended by its central figure seeing the omen of a pet snake devoured by a swarm of ants. Shortly before this event Lucius Arruntius committed suicide after being accused of adultery with Albucilla. After this event the works of Labienus and Cremutius Cordus were returned to publication. Before this event one person involved had told another "You will kill him! And someone else will kill you!" and before it the doctor Charicles had kissed someone's hand in order to feel his pulse. After this event September was renamed Germanicus, the remains of Agrippina the Elder were returned from Pandateria, and Gemellus was named "prince of the youth". One account of this event has one figure struggling to keep hold of his signet ring from his successor, while another describes its central figure reviving after the acclamation of Gaius only to be smothered by the Praetorian Prefect Macro. For 10 points, identify this event of 37 AD, after which control of the empire passed to Caligula.
ANSWER: The Death of Tiberius (accept accession of Gaius/Caligula until end of question; accept equivalents such as murder or assassination of Tiberius)

3.	During this conflict, John Coffee's cavalry deserted him before the amusingly named Battle of Emuckfaw. The losing side in this conflict scored a victory by entering a stockade run by a drunken Major Daniel Beasley. Both Benjamin Hawkins and Return Meigs organized troops to serve as allies for American militias during it. In the climactic battle in this conflict, troops crossed the Tallapoosa River and Sam Houston suffered wounds in his groin and shoulder. Early in it, Peter McQueen's forces fought American troops at the Battle of Burnt Corn, and William Weatherford perpetrated the Fort Mims massacre. This conflict ended with Andrew Jackson defeating the British-supported Red Stick faction at Horseshoe Bend. For 10 points, name this 1810's conflict begun as a civil war within an American Indian tribe in Alabama and Georgia.
ANSWER: The Creek War [or the Red Stick War until mentioned]

4.	This politician was made an “assisted witness” in a trial concerning an arbitration deal made with Bernard Tapie. In a recent interview, this leader stated that the best piece of leadership advice is to not “let the bastard get you”. Laurent Fabius called this politician “elegant” as a veiled insult. This politician was chastised by Evangelos Venizelos during the “payback” controversy over comments made in the Guardian. The magazine Hot Doc leaked information gathered by this politician, which was a list of 2000 Greek (*) tax evaders with undeclared HSBC bank accounts. This former chairman of the Baker and McKenzie law firm ascended to her highest post after her predecessor was accused of assaulting a hotel maid. For 10 points, name this current managing director of the International Monetary Fund.
ANSWER: Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde

5.	A flashpoint in this debate was Rod Moran questioning the claims of the Reverend Ernest Gribble regarding what happened at Forrest River. It effectively began with a Bill Stanner delivered Boyer Lecture entitled "After the Dreaming." Geoffrey Blainey argued the extremes in this debate were the "Three Cheers View" and "the black armband view," the latter of which has been denounced by politicians for unduly focusing on "imperialism, racism, and sexism." Keith Windschuttle has argued that much evidence in this debate is fabricated, questioning the Bringing Them Home report as well as many of the horror stories about the "Black War." A subset of this debate has been regarding the existence of the so-called "Stolen Generation" and the need for politicians such as Kevin Rudd to apologize for it. For 10 points, name this historiographical controversy addressing white people's treatment of a certain country's native population.
ANSWER: The history wars of Australia [or debate about historical treatment of Australian aboriginals, accept answers that are clearly about settlement/history of Australia or treatment of aboriginals, accept answers with Tasmania or Van Diemen's Land replacing Australia, accept history wars, accept Stolen Generation debate until mentioned, prompt on answers that mention things in the tossup without saying Australia, prompt on culture wars]

6.	One surviving letter written to this thinker from a former student requests the delivery of a hydroscope for measuring the density of fluids, as well as an astrolabe. The 10th-century Chronicle of John of Nikiu presents a hostile account of this person's life, compared to the more balanced account in the contemporary Ecclasiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus. This scholar revised Theon's Commentary on the Almagest and commented on works by Diophantus and Apollonius. Bishop Synezius of Ptolemais had a lively correspondence with this person, and the local governor Orestes' execution of the radical monks Ammonius and Hierax caused this person to became the crux of a controversy instigated by St. Cyril. One story asserts that this person died by being scraped to death with roofing tiles. One likely-spurious episode about this person's life recounts her presenting a male admirer with her menstrual cloth to curb his romanticism. For 10 points, name this Alexandrian philosopher and mathematician who was lynched by a Christian mob in 413 AD.
ANSWER: Hypatia of Alexandria

7.	After this event, Judge Edward Van Roden accused soldiers of kicking many of the accused "in the testicles beyond repair." A man blamed for it, Joachim Peiper, was later killed at his home in Traves after he was outed by a Communist publication. During this event, the Café Bodarwe was set on fire to lure people out. The Simpson Commission's investigation of this event led to General Lucius Clay commuting several death sentences. It resulted in a similar, retaliatory incident on New Year's Day at Chenogne. The trial that followed this event was harangued as unfair by Joseph McCarthy, perhaps to placate his German-American constituents. It killed 80 people, and led to a trial of men like Sepp Dietrich at Dachau a couple of years later. For 10 points, name this December 1944 event, in which German troops massacred American prisoners of war in Belgium.
ANSWER: The Malmedy massacre [prompt on Battle of the Bulge]

8.	This man's conception occurred as a result of the "fun of the roads", a form of coitus interruptus gone wrong. He made use of the medical skills of Francis Fynn, and one source for his reign comes from Nathaniel Isaacs, who had been dispatched to search for shipwrecked men. The winner of a battle at Mome Gorge, he sheltered refugees from the Khumalo kingdom and fought numerous conflicts with Zwide, including the Battle of Gqokli Hill. He used his mother Nandi's death as the pretext for a political massacre, and started his career among the Mtethwa confederation. He started a movement called the Mfecane, or "crushing", which provided a model for the neighboring Ndelebe and Sotho peoples. The successor to Dingiswayo, his successor Dingane was crushed by the Voortrekkers at Blood River. For 10 points, name this ruler who pioneered the 'bull horns' and impi tactics and established the Zulu Empire.
ANSWER: Shaka Zulu (or Shaka kaSenzangakhona)

9.	One kingdom that existed in this modern nation was centered at Beruas and fell after an attack by Rajendra Chola I. In addition to Gangga Negara, it contained a state ruled by King Bhagadatta that was succeeded by the Pattani. The Buddha-Gupta stone was found in this modern country, and it was home to the Kedah trading kingdom and ethnic groups which include the Batek and Lenoh and which are collectively known as Orang Asli. The location of the Langkasuka kingdom, its eponymous language is first attested on the Kedukan Bukit inscription. Its namesake kingdom, which was not coterminous with the modern state, was conquered by Singhasari in the 13th century, and its modern location was known to the Greeks as the "Golden Chersonese" and to the Tamils as the "Golden Peninsula". For 10 points, name this name this modern nation which historically contained the Malacca Sultanate and partially lies on its namesake peninsula.
ANSWER: Malaysia

10.	One of this man’s generals died during a Siege of the Black Fort when his dead horse fell on him and he decapitated himself, and another of his generals was saddened that he didn’t have seven lives to give to this figure before dying at the Battle of Minato River. Like Go-Toba, this commander of Kusunoki Masashige and Nitta Yoshisada was once exiled to the Oki Islands after his plans for a coup were discovered in the Genko incident. This man appointed one of his sons as head abbot of Enryaku-Ji temple and alienated the warrior class by appointing his children, Morinaga and Norinaga, to the post of seii taishogun. This man, who along with his descendants ruled over the Southern Court during the (*) Nanboku-Cho period, was unable to solve the tax-exempt status of jito and shugo landowners after coming to power in the Kemmu restoration, and was eventually overthrown by the brothers Tadayoshi and Takauji. For 10 points, name this emperor whose overthrow signaled the beginning of the Ashikaga Shogunate.
ANSWER: Emperor Go-Daigo [or Go-Daigo tenno, do NOT accept just “Daigo”]

11.	One leader of this kingdom was nicknamed "The Devil" by his Muslim enemies and created a no-man's-land in the Valley of the Douro. One king of this polity captured Cáceres and Badajoz, while this kingdom's founder transferred his seat of power to it from Oveido. It preyed upon the Taifa states after the Caliphate of Cordoba collapsed, and its king Ferdinand II rescued the Portuguese when the Almohads besieged Santarem. Papal interdiction forced its King Alfonso IX to enter a marriage union with Castile, although lasting tension led to this kingdom being absent from Las Navas de Tolosa. Its Alfonso VI led the reconquest of Toledo. This kingdom fell when its bastard prince Ferdinand III invaded with a foreign army in 1230. Created via the division of the Kingdom of Asturias at the death of Alfonso the Great, For 10 points, name this northwestern Spanish kingdom which was forcefully unified with Castile during the Reconquista.
ANSWER: Leon

12.	The term “sentry syndrome” was used to describe how blame was shifted in the inciting incident of this conflict, and before this event, Ron Tal was shot in traffic for working as a guard in the Ansar 11 prison. The UNLU encouraged tax resistance during this conflict. It was partly a response to the ongoing “Iron Fist” deportation policy. This event was partly sparked by people spraying “Six To One” in graffiti in response to an incident in which two militants attacked the Gibor camp in the Night of the Gliders. Mehola Junction was (*) suicide-bombed during this event, and Khalil al-Wazir organized several “Youth Committees” before this event before being killed in Tunisia near its beginning. Starting during the term of Yitzhak Shamir, this event was largely diffused by both the Madrid Conference and a peace treaty which created a government for Areas A and B and promised mutual recognition, the Oslo Accords. For 10 points, name this period of unrest in the Palestinian territories in the early 1990s
ANSWER: First Intifada [prompt on partial answer]

13.	It's not in Utah, but Mountain Meadows Massacre defense attorney Wells Spicer frequently hung out at this city's opera house, Schieffelin Hall. This city's first mayor, the newspaper publisher John Clum, organized a Committee of Safety to support law enforcement. Billy Hutchinson opened a saloon and brothel here called the Bird Cage Theatre. Ed Schieffelin founded this city located above the Tough Nut Mine. Ordinance number nine in this city prohibited anyone from carrying a deadly weapon into town and was primarily directed against a gang known as the "Cowboys" active in Pima and Cochise Counties. Its namesake monthly publication is the Epitaph. Frank and Tom McLaury were buried in this city's Boothill Graveyard. On October 26, 1881, Ike and Billy Clanton squared off in a famous shootout with Doc Holliday and the Earps. For 10 points, name this Arizona city that was the site of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.
ANSWER: Tombstone

14.	Queen Victoria's diary described her first impression of this leader as "a dear, delightful young man … we had such fun and laughter; I never enjoyed myself more. We were all so merry.” His reign saw the primacy of the art critic Vladimir Stasov, and early in life this ruler was educated by Vasily Zhukovsky. This ruler enacted a document which banned the use of Ukrainian in print, the Ems Ukase, and he delivered the "No Dreams" speech. He released Sergei Volkonsky from exile and signed a document which aimed to create two indirectly-elected legislative bodies, the Loris-Melikov constitution. His reign saw the January Uprising in Poland against the governor Karl Lambert, as well as the April Uprising. A monumental gate was planned by Viktor Hartmann to commemorate this ruler, and his reign saw the start and high-water mark of assemblies with experimented with local self-government called zemstvos. He undertook a war against the Ottomans which resulted in the creation of an independent Bulgaria. For 10 points, name this Russian czar of the "Great Reforms" who was assassinated by the People's Will in 1881 and notably freed the serfs.
ANSWER: Alexander II Romanov

15.	This appellation, combined with the names Jorg and Heinz, was used to mock Martin Luther in disguise, and in return, Henry VIII. This term described many people who formed the Uradel and which had participated in the Ostsiedlung. Most of these people were dispossessed after the Bodenreform of 1945 redistributed their lands to VEG estates, and it originally described members of the group called the Edelfrei who could afford thrice their weregild. They formed the backbone of the Agrarian League which combated the policies of von Caprivi and they monopolized food production in the East Elbe region. Von Moltke and Bismarck were both members of this class. For 10 points, name this class which backed the Hohenzollerns, the traditional landed military aristocracy of Prussia.
ANSWER: Junkers

16.	One ruler of this name really hated women, so he wore iron shoes so they’d run away when he was around. One ruler of this name was defeated by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz at the Battle of Chochim, forcing him to withdraw from the Moldavan Magnate Wars. In one battle, one ruler of this name was opposed by George Mouzalon, who was abandoned by his Alan mercenaries. One ruler of this name employed Alaeddin Pasha as a vizier, and that man and his son were both advised by Michael the Beardless. One ruler of this name’s father, Ertugrul, founded the settlement of Sogut. While staying with Sheikh Edebali, one leader with this name had a (*) vision of a crescent moon emerging from Edebali’s bosom and a gigantic tree supported by four mountains; that vision is related in an epic named for this man’s “dream”. That ruler of this name won the Battle of Bapheus, defeating the armies of Andronikos II Paleologus, forcing the Byzantines out of Asia Minor and allowing the establishment of his state. For 10 points, name this name, whose first holder founded the Ottoman Empire.
ANSWER: Osman

17.	This president allowed the formation of the Erk, or Freedom, Party, though he later exiled its leader Muhammad Salih. This man was opposed by the Birlik, or Unity, movement. This man’s daughter Gulnara uses the stage name Googoosha for her music career. One massacre ordered by this man targeted the Islamist group Akramia, an offshoot of Hizbut Tahrir. Craig Murray served as an ambassador to this man’s government, and in his book Dirty Diplomacy accused this ruler of killing dissidents by (*) boiling them alive. This ruler abolished the position of Vice President, which was occupied by Shukrullo Mirsaidov, who headed the Forum of Democratic Forces. This ruler, who ordered the Andijan Massacre, allowed the United States to use the Karshi-Khanabad Air Force Base for extraordinary rendition. For 10 points, name this longtime president of Uzbekistan.
ANSWER: Islam Karimov

18.	This city's "swimming pool case" featured Betty Hill lobbying against a city policy restricting black usage of a park pool only on "colored" days. This city's "Red Squad" beat up labor organizer Karl Yoneda several times, and in 1997 undercover cop Frank Lyga shot another cop in self-defense here during a road rage incident. William Seymour and Charles Parham started a movement here described with the headline "Weird Babel of Tongues." For many years, this city was controlled by Harrison Gray Otis, who was opposed by labor activists J.J. and J.B. McNamara. This city was home to the Azusa Street Revival, which helped spread Pentecostalism. Under the supervision of Chief Engineer William Mulholland and using water taken from the Owens River, this city constructed a namesake aqueduct in the 1910's. For 10 points, what is this southern California city that contains the San Fernando Valley?
ANSWER: Los Angeles

19.	This group was initially derided as the "Noddle", and it competed at its inception with Sydenham Poyntz's Northern Association and Lord Leven's Scottish Covenanters. It made use of intelligence officer Leonard Watson, and one remnant of this group was called the Coldstream Guards. Philip Skippon served in a leadership role in this organization, and attempts to disband this group led to the lobbying of the Agitators, who formed an important part of the Putney Debates. Nicknamed the "Ironsides" by Prince Rupert, it was proposed after a disaster at Cropedy Bridge and came into existence after the passing of the Self-Denying Ordinance. Responsible for atrocities at Wexford and Drogheda (draw-heh-da), its only defeat came at the Battle of Clonmel. First used at the Battle of Naseby, For 10 points, name this Roundhead force commanded by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War.
ANSWER: The New Model Army

20.	Prior to this event, a man killed pigeons in a barn that he believed were attracting local children, and several days before, the entire household was wracked with illness, possibly caused by food poisoning. Conspiracy theories suggested that the perpetrator of this event was involved in a lesbian affair with maid Bridget Sullivan. The jury was prevented from hearing that a woman sought to purchase prussic acid shortly before this event, which killed Abby and Andrew, the latter of whom was a wealthy Massachusetts textile mill director. A skipping rope rhyme about this event, the subject of Agnes de Mille's ballet Fall River Legend, says that when the participant "saw what she had done" she administered "forty-one" whacks to someone else. For 10 points, name these 1892 murders in which a woman was accused of axe murdering her father and stepmother.
ANSWER: The Lizzie Borden murders [or the Fall River murders until mentioned]