3M: CO History Doubles
Packet Five
Questions by Eric Mukherjee, Mike Cheyne, and Mik Larsen

1.	This device's inventor installed the first indoor electric lights in New York City for the Equitable Insurance Company, and his brother Hudson invented smokeless powder. In Hilaire Belloc's poem "The Modern Traveller", the character Blood states "Whatever happens, we have got [this object], and they have not". Its prototype was employed during the Emin Pasha relief expedition to Zanzibar and Frederik Lugard used an early version to establish control over Uganda. The basis for the Russian Pulemyot Maxima and the German Spandau, it was financed by steel magnate (*) Albert Vickers, and its main competitor was the Hotchkiss. It proved decisive in the Battle of the Shangani during the First Matabele War as well as the Battle of Omdurman. Water-cooled with a gas-recoil loading system, it operated without cranking, unlike the earlier Gatling weapon. For 10 points, identify this early machine gun invented in 1884, the mainstay of British imperial conquest.
ANSWER: The Maxim Gun (prompt on machine gun)

2.	This historian once described his profession's relation to anthropologists with the African saying “They are our enemies. We marry them”. He incorporated Foucauldian ideas into his work The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity, while his most recent work traces the trajectory of the Church as the distributor of wealth to the poor into the Church as the treasury for the poor in heaven and is called Through the Eye of a Needle. His first major work was a biography of Augustine of Hippo, and he also penned (*) The Cult of the Saints. Other works of his focus on the role as mediators and advocates that Holy Men provided in Near Eastern communities, and his most famous work begins with the sentence "This book is a study of social and cultural change", echoing the 'continuity and change' concept that dominates his field. For 10 points, name this Princeton scholar who wrote The World of Late Antiquity and who both founded the field of Late Antiquity and is its most prominent living scholar.
ANSWER: Peter Brown

3.	During discussions about this controversy, Paula Hawkins was invited by one man to look at the toys his children were playing with. That man earlier cracked that "a couple of blowjobs here and there" was responsible for hearings over this issue and theorized it was a front for a special tax. The 2010 album Congress Shall Make No Law… featured a full recording of Congressional hearings regarding it, and one of its main participants was mocked with the lines "what's the matter? You ain't gettin' no dick?" This issue was spearheaded by the so-called "Washington wives," particularly Tipper Gore, who assailed the "Filthy Fifteen." It led to a Senate hearing featuring impassioned testimony by Frank Zappa. For 10 points, name this 1980's controversy which led to the creation of "Parental Advisory" stickers to be placed on the works of groups like Twisted Sister.
ANSWER: The Parents Music Resource Center controversy [or PMRC, accept anything that suggests controversy over explicit music, including music ratings, prompt on Tipper Gore's crusade, prompt on free speech or First Amendment issues, prompt on censorship]

4.	One leader of this group was starved to death in the basement of the St. Paphnutius monastery. They follow the guidelines of the St. Savas Typicon. One member of this group was a self-made textile baron who patronized the artists Ivan Kramskoi and Ilya Repin. Awakun was a leader of this group, of which one branch is known as the Lipovans. They use seven prosphora in their liturgy, use two antiphonal choirs, and employ a melodic reading style called the poglasitsa. In 1978 Soviet geologists discovered the Lykov family, members of this group, in remote wilderness near the Arakan River in Siberia. Split into the Popovtsy and the Bezpopovtsy, they make the sign of the cross with two fingers instead of the three in the Byzantine rite. Persecuted by the beard tax of Peter the Great, For 10 points, name this Russian Orthodox sect that denies the results of Patriarch Nikon’s reforms of the Great Moscow Synod of 1666.
ANSWER: The Old Believers (or Old Ritualists or staroobryadtsy or starovery)

5.	After this location fell to the Union, the Confederacy's Mosquito Fleet was soon destroyed at the Battle of Elizabeth City. It fell during the opening engagement of the 1862 Burnside Expedition. Brenau University keeps carved stones addressed to John White that probably give a false history of this place and state that residents moved to the Nacoochee Valley. During the Civil War, it became a disease-ridden "Freedmen's Colony" run by the New Bern-based Horace James. Earlier, Simon Fernandez was accused of sabotaging this place, possibly on orders of Sir Francis Walsingham to screw over its patron. Residents of this place may have left it to join up with the Tuscarora tribe or move to the nearby Croatoan Island. For 10 points, name this island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina where a colony mysteriously disappeared in the late 1500's.
ANSWER: Roanoke Island [prompt on North Carolina]

6.	One of these texts in Syriac describes a banquet where one character tricks another into letting him steal all his gold cups and then escapes across a river on horseback. One of these texts by Leo the Archpriest formed the basis for later European ones, including ones by Lamprecht der Pfaffe and Walter of Chatillon. The Persian poet Nazami created one of these texts, and Jewish versions of them include the main character's journeys to the Gate of Paradise and his descent under the sea. The first one of these texts has its main character's rival send him a whipping-rod and a ball 'so that he could play with children his own age' and its protagonist responds to the sending of a barrel of "tasteless" sesame seeds with a barrel of mustard seed. That text's main character is described as born from an Egyptian wizard king who might be Ammon, and it was written by Pseudo-Callisthenes. Derived very loosely from Curtius Rufus, Plutarch, and Arrian, For 10 points, identify these historically-based fantasy stories written about a messianic king of Macedon.
ANSWER: The Alexander Romances (or Historia Alexandri Magni, I guess)

7.	One member of this group was a factory inspector executed along with his wife for tampering with an iron chest found in the Tuileries; that man, Jean Marie Roland, had suggested moving the capital to Blois. Other members of this group included Pierre-Victurnien Vergniaud, and an ex-member of this group served as mayor of Paris through Joachim Murat's support. Known for their unwillingness to form ties with the disenfranchised classes, they spurred a war against (*) Austria and they fell from grace via a series of disasters which included the treason of Dumouriex and reverses in the Vendee War. Also called Brissotins after their most prominent member, they opposed the Montagnards and the Sans-Culottes. Named after a Department in southwest France, For 10 points, name this moderate French Revolutionary faction destroyed during the Reign of Terror which opposed the Jacobins.
ANSWER: The Girondins (or Girondists or the Gironde; accept Brissotins before mentioned, if anyone decides to be a jackass about it)

8.	This politician won re-election in 1972 by defeating future Judge "Barefoot" Sanders. His defeat of William Blakley in a special election in 1961 made him the first Republican from the former Confederacy to win a Senate seat by popular election. Prior to that victory, this man lost one election using a slogan urging voters to "double your pleasure, double your fun—vote against Johnson two times, not one." This man died alongside astronaut Sonny Carter when his plane crashed at Brunswick, Georgia, in 1991. He was surprisingly rejected by the Senate in 1989, when George H.W. Bush nominated him to be Secretary of Defense, with rumors of his alcohol abuse working against him. This man's namesake commission held Ronald Reagan "accountable for a lax managerial style" and implicated John Poindexter and Oliver North. For 10 points, name this Texas Senator whose namesake commission investigated the Iran-Contra Affair.
ANSWER: John Tower

9.	This politician’s most famous effort was trashed in a pair of books by Donald Kirk, one of which is titled after the “betrayal” of this politician’s nation. This man outlined his economic liberalization policies in a book that includes a chapter detailing “the road to the world’s eighth largest economic power” and another on his “Productive Welfare Policy”, called Mass-Participatory Economy. The first and second battles of the Western Sea occurred during this man’s term, and occurred near the NLL. This organizer of the National Congress for New Politics was once defeated in an election by a dictator who passed the Renewal Constitution. Ambassador Philip Habib and Henry Kissinger supposedly intervened during an incident in which this man had weights tied to him and was almost drowned after he was kidnapped from a hotel in (*) Tokyo. This man outlined a policy of no absorption, active cooperation, and intolerance to armed provocation as a replacement for Nordpolitik. This man released unconverted long-term prisoners and transferred 150 million dollars in order to organize a summit with a neighboring nation, leading to an event in which 100 relatives were re-united in Panmunjom. For 10 points, name this Sunshine Policy proponent, a President of South Korea and Nobel Peace Prizewinner.
ANSWER: Kim Dae-Jung

10.	Wolfgang Fischer is speculated to have been killed in Tunisia by one leader of this organization, who was recruited into the OSS by Wild Bill Donovan. That person refers to Kermit Roosevelt as "Uncle Kermit" in a telegram while recounting the experience of assisting in Operation Ajax. Lucas Troy defected from this organization and later went rogue to start a bed and breakfast in Vermont. This organization’s XL9 computer security system was infiltrated by George Spelvin and nearly exposed its operatives. A scientist working for this organization may be a genetic (*) clone of Adolf Hitler, and also installed bionic legs in Ray Gillette after he was paralyzed in a space shuttle crash. For 10 points, name this fictional spy organization which employs Dr. Krieger and the title character in the FX show Archer.
ANSWER: ISIS [or the International Secret Intelligence Service]

11.	One side in this conflict won the Battle of Pentemili Beachhead. One failed attempt to end this conflict was called the Geneva Declaration, and one side in this conflict established a line up to the Louroujina Salient The 'Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda' massacre occurred during this conflict, in which one side interceded under the aegis of the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. One side set up a puppet government under Rauf Denktas opposed to the (*) EOKA-B party. Taksim and Enosis were the ideals of the opposing sides in this conflict, and opposing war plans in this conflict were named Operation Attila and Operation Aphrodite Two. This war began with the ouster of Marakios III, in favor of the nationalist government of Nikos Sampson, and one side's offensives created a corridor between Kyrenia and Nicosia. For 10 points, identify this 1974 conflict which established the Green Line and a de facto partition of a Mediterranean island.
ANSWER: The Turkish Invasion of Cyprus (accept equivalents)
	
12.	The second-in-command of this group became more violent after Thomas Ewing placed his sisters in a three-story building that collapsed, killing one of them. Its leader, a former schoolteacher, was killed in an ambush at Wakefield Farm, Kentucky. An African-American member of this group was John Noland, and its deputy was "Bloody Bill" Anderson. This group's most famous act used Mount Oread as a staging area, was undertaken in revenge for the attack on Osceola, and resulted in General Order No. 11, which evacuated various Missouri counties. Prior to becoming western outlaws, Jesse and Frank James were members of this Civil War-era group, whose leader became a captain under the CSA's Partisan Ranger Act. For 10 points, name this pro-slavery group whose namesake leader guided them on a bloody 1863 raid on Lawrence, Kansas.
ANSWER: Quantrill's Raiders [accept any group with Quantrill, prompt on bushwhackers]

13.	The advisor George Sphrantzes was enslaved by the winning side after this battle. According to legend, the losing commander in this battle was turned to marble and sleeps underground. Admiral Batoghlu managed to capture the Princes Islands during this battle, during which Giovanni Gustiani’s wounding and withdrawal from this battle inspired one side to order a renewed charge. The reversal of this battle was part of the goal of Eleftherios Venizelos’ “Megali idea”. One year before this battle, one side constructed the (*) Rumelian castle, and the winning side had to move their fleet over the Golden Horn using rolling logs. The gigantic cannons created by the possibly-German engineer Orban were key to victory in this battle, in which Genoese mercenaries were unable to prevent the deposition of Constantine XI Palaiologos. For 10 points, name this 1453 military action in which a force led by Mehmed II took over the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
ANSWER: Fall of Constantinople

14.	A fifty million dollar lawsuit against this man was brought in a Connecticut court for a massacre at a prayer meeting. During this man’s term, a pacifist group called “The Bees” was massacred in the village of Acteal. This man won one election on the slogan “Well-being for your family” and served as education minister under Carlos Salinas until his assassination. This current head of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization managed to arrange a meeting in the (*) Lacandon Jungle with Subcommandante Marcos. This man’s use of short-term bills with guaranteed repayment, called Tesonobos, precipitated an economic crisis called the December Mistake. This man’s term occurred during the uprising of the Zapatistas, and he lost an election to National Action Party candidate Vicente Fox. For 10 points, name this president of Mexico from 1994 to 2000.
ANSWER: Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon

15.	A group of officers in this nation swore oaths to each other and Commander Thunderbolt by using a syringe to remove some blood, putting it in a bowl, and drinking it. In Operation Longcloth, a group of soldiers under Orde Wingate infiltrated behind enemy lines in this nation. Joseph Stilwell led a retreat from this nation during World War II, during which time Merrill’s Marauders fought against the Japanese 18th division. The “thirty comrades” fought for the independence of this nation, and founded a force that would later become the (*) Tatamdaw. The Chindit brigade fought in this nation. The “Hump” was a feature of a supply route named for this nation, which was guarded by Claire Chennault’s Flying Tigers. For 10 points, name this nation, which along with China and India lends its name to the Southeast Asian land theatre of World War II, and which after said conflict was headed by Aung San.
ANSWER: Burma [or Myanmar]

16.	This city is the subject of the James Baldwin book The Evidence of Things Not Seen. Malcolm X was called a "fiend" for rejoicing after one hundred of its cultural leaders were killed in the 1962 plane crash of Air France Flight 007. Wayne Williams was suspected of killing over 20 mostly black children in this city from 1979 to 1981. American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell's "big blast" letter may have anticipated the 1958 bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing here. Due to its tolerant racial reputation under Mayor Ivan Allen Jr., it was dubbed "the city too busy to hate," and it maintained white voting blocs by annexing the Buckhead district. This city's building projects included the Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport and the Peachtree Center. This city contains the headquarters of the Coca-Cola Company. For 10 points, name this Georgia city.
ANSWER: Atlanta

17.	Asfaw Wossen was invited to join this party as a ceremonial head of state but declined. One member of this party was killed during a gunfight which erupted over a document about "class peace", and its unsuccessful Operation Raza was led by Atnafu Abate. Using a slogan of "Land to the Tiller", it underwent a reign of terror called the Qey Shibir. Opposed by the Tigray People's Liberation Front, it fought a successful war for control of the (*) Ogaden region. With its name derived from the Co-ordinating Committee of the Armed Forces and Police, its remnants were overthrown by the EPRDF's Operation Tewodros. It originated with an army mutiny, and its policies of collective agriculture led to a massive famine in 1984-5. Led by its chairman Major Mengistu, For 10 points, name this Communist regime that deposed Haile Selassie in seizing control of Ethiopia.
ANSWER: The Derg (or the Provisional Military Administrative Council or the Co-ordinating Committee of the Armed Forces and Police and Territorial Army before mention)

18.	One law code of this nation stipulated an eightyfold repayment for stealing the property of the king or an eightfold repayment for stealing property of a subject. One prime minister of this nation was killed while the head of state was being treated in Switzerland. This nation signed the Treaty of Sinchula in order to end the Duar War. In 2005, the army of this nation raided twelve camps controlled by the National Democratic Front of Bodoland. One ruler of this nation used the Tsa Yig legal code to establish a dual system of government. The head of state of this nation is required to abdicate by the age of 65, and uses the title (*) “Dragon King”. This nation, which is ruled by the Wangchuk family, has repeatedly expelled its Nepalese citizens in order to maintain a Tibetan Buddhist majority. For 10 points, name this small South Asian nation, the only one to use Gross National Happiness as a metric.
ANSWER: Bhutan

19.	One ruler from this dynasty contracted gonorrhea at the age of ten from his confessor and constantly carried the books of Thomas Aquinas. The founder of this dynasty employed a man known as “the Holy Constable”, and one ruler of this dynasty patronized the goldsmith/poet Gil Vicente. That ruler was known as "The Fortunate". Its founder killed the usurper the Count of Ourem and signed the Treaty of Windsor with England. This dynasty ensured its county's independence at the Battle of (*) Aljubarotta, and one regent for this dynasty was killed at Alfarrobeira, that being Pedro of Coimbra. One member of this dynasty sponsored such men as Dinas Dias and Gil Eanes, who was the first European to pass Cape Bojador. It effectively ended when King Sebastian died in battle at the Battle of the Three Kings, and one member of it was Prince Henry the Navigator. For 10 points, name this dynasty founded by Joao I which dissolved in 1580 and was replaced by the Braganzas.
ANSWER: The Aviz Dynasty (or House of Aviz)

20.	Even though this man's life was saved by John Leishman, he schemed to get rid of Leishman by having him appointed Ambassador to Switzerland.  He missed being on the Titanic maiden voyage when his wife sprained her ankle in Italy. This man's namesake house on the Upper East Side was Stan Lee's inspiration for the Avengers Mansion, and a namesake art museum in the same area houses his massive European artwork collection. This American, whose attorney was Philander Knox, assembled the charter members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, but that group's negligence helped exacerbate the Johnstown Flood. This man was seriously wounded by anarchist Alexander Berkman, the negative publicity of which hurt the Homestead Strike. For 10 points, name this "most hated man in America," a major partner in the Carnegie Steel Company.
ANSWER: Henry Clay Frick