Boston Summer Open Round 5 Questions by Princeton Damon TOSSUPS 1. First proposed in 1690, it states that all points of a wave front of light in a vacuum or transparent medium may be regarded as new sources of wavelets that expand in every direction at a rate depending on their velocities. For 10 points, name this principle proposed by a Dutch physicist more famous for realizing the timekeeping ability of the pendulum. answer: _Huygens'_ Principle 2. Because this field abuts the Chinese-governed Aksai Chin region, troops are maintained in a remote position at a cost of over $700,000 dollars a day. Erratic mountain winds make it difficult to direct artillery fire but India has been able to repel several Pakistani attacks. However, ninety-seven percent of Indian losses are caused by altitude sickness. For 10 points, name the icefield overlooking the Karakorum Pass, a flashpoint in the escalating conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. answer: _Siachen_ Glacier (prompt on "Kashmir") 3. This author liked to identify her heroines with a romantic-sounding locale, such as _Kilmeny of the Orchard_. Her novels were also heavily populated with spunky orphans, artistic idealists and passionate lovers -- or all three combined in a single character, as was the case with her most famous creation, the red-headed Anne Shirley. She has created several cottage industries on the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. For 10 points, name this author of _Jane of Lantern Hill_ and _Anne of Green Gables_. answer: Lucy Maude _Montgomery_ 4. The organization began as a simple hospital dedicated to St. Mary, but with the patronage of kings and princes soon began founding castles over large areas of Eastern Europe. After the fall of Acre of 1291, they redoubled their efforts to subdue the Livonians and Lithuanians. For 10 points, name the military order whose grand masters subjugated much of the Baltic during the 13th and 14th centuries. answer: _Teutonic Knights_ (accept _Hospital of St. Mary of the Germans of Jerusalem_) 5. "I have a killed a man for wounding me, a boy for bruising me. If Cain is avenged sevenfold, then..." this man claimed he would be avenged seventy-seven fold. Of his four sons, Jabal was the ancestor of all who dwell in tents and keep cattle, Jubal was the ancestor of those who play the lyre and the pipe, while Tubalcain was the ancestor of blacksmiths. For 10 points, name this son of Methuselah and father of Noah. answer: _Lamech_ 6. Steve Burns, the star of this popular television program, caught some flack when he played a murderer on the series _Homicide: Life on the Street_. Still, it's unlikely that core viewers of his own show caught the guest-star appearance, as the 10 p.m. airing of Homicide would have been past their bedtime. Burns's show airs on Nickelodeon and is designed to help preschoolers learn problem solving skills. For 10 points, name this show about an intelligent dog who communicates her desires by leaving paw-prints on significant items. answer: _Blue's Clues_ 7. His hair singed as a sign of mourning, he approached the northern California town of Oroville in August 1911 and was promptly put in jail. Learning of his plight, anthropologists Waterman and Kroeber invited him to live at the San Francisco campus of the University of California. Although he shared his language and his skill of creating stone tools, he never revealed his name. For 10 points, name the last survivor of the Yahi Indian tribe, known only by his language's word for 'man.' answer: _Ishi_ 8. Most of the algorithms used to solve this type of problem focus on ones in CNF, or conjunctive normal form. Literals are assembled into clauses, which in turn are joined into full formulae. The object is to find a set of truth value assignments for the literals that makes the whole expression true. For 10 points, name this type of problem, one of the more famous of the NP-complete problems. answer: _SAT_isfiability Problems 9. He conquered the kingdom of Gao, which would eventually destroy his empire. Grand construction projects included a series of mosques and a large university in his capital city of Timbuktu. For 10 points, name the 14th century ruler of Mali most famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca. answer: _Mansa Musa_ 10. Written in 1960, this picaresque novel is set in the late 1600s. Chapter titles include "If the Laureate is Adam, then Burlingame is the Serpent" and "The Poet Crosses Chesapeake Bay, But Not To His Intended Port of Call." The protagonist, Ebenezer Cooke, is appointed Poet Laureate of Maryland and assigned to write the epic work, "The Marylandiad." When Cooke becomes disillusioned with humanity, he writes an account of his travails rather than a poem. For 10 points, name this book by John Barth. answer: The _Sotweed Factor_ 11. When she was asked about the pronunciation of her name, "call me what you like" was her only response. She had much more important things on her mind when the question was asked, like an upcoming match against Anne Kremer of Luxembourg, leading to a potential matchup against Mary Pierce in the fourth round. She has already made a name for herself this Wimbledon, though. For 10 points, what 16-year-old Australian took out top-seeded Martina Hingis in the first round? answer: Jelena _Dokic_ (pronounced Dock-ick, by the way) 12. Born Margaret Hookham in 1919, she joined the Vic-Wells ballet at age 15. By 1940 she was prima ballerina, and for the next several decades she was acknowledged to be one of the most talented ballet dancers in the world, eventually being granted the title of Dame. After Rudolf Nureyev defected from the Soviet Union in 1861, she was frequently paired with him. For 10 points, name this dancer whose most famous role was Aurora in Sleeping Beauty. answer: Dame Margot _Fonteyn_ 13. "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country." It doesn't sound like a political bombshell, but the State of New York proposed that text as avoluntary school prayer. The Supreme Court ruled that it was an unconstitutional attempt to establish religion in, for 10 points, what 1963 decision? answer: _Engel v. Vitale_ 14. It is in northwestern Greece, in the region of Epirus. The sanctity of the site dates to the third millennium BC when the "earth mother" was worshipped here. Eventually it became the religious and political center of northwestern Greece, although it was never as influential as the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. For 10 points, name the site where you could hear the sacred oak trees speak the prophecies of Zeus. answer: _Dodona_ 15. He received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Cambridge in 1951 but is better known as a theoretical chemist. Although not the first person to propose the use of Gaussian orbitals, he saw their computational advantages early on and developed computational algorithms for the calculation of molecular properties based on Gaussian orbitals. For 10 points, who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Walter Kohn for his work in quantum chemistry? answer: John A. _Pople_ 16. Not many lines of apparel and jewelry claim that their products are "the start of a spiritual adventure." Self-described as "not a business, but a movement," the line's signature acronym was first used by a youth group in Holland, Michigan. The emblem is now affixed on everything from T-shirts to an album of Christian music. For 10 points, give the brand name that seeks to raise awareness of one's behavior in relation to Christian ideals. answer: _W_hat _W_ould _J_esus _D_o or _WWJD_ 17. A trip to Central and South America inspired this Pennsylvania-born artist to produce some of his finest works: shimmering, beautifully detailed paintings of tropical flowers and birds. He also painted many New England scenes. For 10 points, name the creator of "Approaching Storm: Beach near Newport" and "Orchids and Hummingbird." answer: Martin Johnson Heade 18. Its outlying island of Gozo contains the ruins of a megalithic temple known locally as Ggantija, "the work of the giants." More recent stone structures include the castles of the Knights of Saint John, who shattered an Ottoman invasion in 1565. The Luftwaffe had even less success from 1940 to 1943 when it attempted to force the surrender of, for 10 points, what tiny island nation whose capital is Valetta? answer: _Malta_ 19. He almost single-handedly revived the genre of naval adventure fiction. Starting with _Master and Commander_ in 1970, he has written a series of 19 books dealing with sea battles and political intrigue of the Napoleonic era. The relationship between the Tory captain Jack Aubrey and his friend, the physician, naturalist and spy Stephen Maturin has been described as "one of the great friendships in literature ". FTP, name this author, whose most recent work was _The Hundred Days_. answer: Patrick _O'Brian_ 20. It is comprised of a group of more than 30 serum and cell surface proteins. These proteins help mediate bacterial lysis, promote phagocytosis [fay-go-sigh-TOE-sis] through agglutinization [a-GLOO-tin-a-ZAY-shun], activate the inflammatory response, solubilize [SOL-you-bull-eyes] large immune complexes, and promote B cell activity. Discovered by Charles Bordet, its name comes from the fact that it pairs with the lytic function of antibodies to prevent disease. For 10 points, what is this system of plasma proteins that plays an important role in the initial immune response? answer: _Complement_ 21. Although he stayed in Britain during the Falklands War, he spent three years commanding an infantry brigade in Northern Ireland. As colonel-commandant of the Parachute Regiment, he wears a maroon beret during press conferences. For 10 points, name the British Lieutenant General in command of KFOR, who shares his first and last name with a relief pitcher for the Cleveland Indians and a pop singer who used to wear one glove. answer: Lieutenant General Michael _Jackson_ Boston Summer Open Round 5 Questions by Princeton Damon BONUSES 1. Name the leaders of these doomed expeditions for 10 points each: A. After landing somewhere on the northeast coast of North America during his 1497 voyage, this Italian-born explorer in the service of England's Henry VII set off to retrace his path in 1498 and was never heard from again. answer: John _Cabot_ (or Giovanni _Caboto_) B. Setting out from London in May 1845, his ships the Erebus and Terror disappeared in the Canadian Arctic. A reward of twenty thousand pounds and a series of search expeditions failed to find any of his men alive. answer: Sir John _Franklin_ C. This French explorer sailed his two ships all over the Pacific. His last port of call was at Botany Bay. It turns out his ships had sunk off the island of Vanikoro in Vanuatu, where the islanders killed the survivors. answer: Jean-Francois de Galoup, Comte de _La Perouse_ 2. Given a year and the achievement, name the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for 10 points each: A. 1997, discovery of prions answer: Stanley B. _Prusiner_ B. 1983, discovery of "mobile genetic elements" answer: Barbara _McClintock_ C. 1935, discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development answer: Hans _Spemann_ 3. For 10 points each, complete these sentences from the original Austin Powers movie: A. "That's not your mother," answer: _it's a man, baby!_ B. "Here's the plan. We get the warhead, and we hold the world ransom for," answer: _one million dollars!_ C. "Let me tell you a little story about," answer: _a man named 'Sh!'_ 4. For 10 points each, name these fabulists who put their own stamp on traditional stories. A. This French civil servant wrote a collection of eight reworked fairy tales entitled _Histories or Tales of Times Past_. According to the book's frontispiece, the tales were "Stories of my mother Goose". answer: Charles _Perrault_ B. Once described as "a British Flannery O'Connor on a twisted concoction of speed and acid," she wrote the story collections "Saints and Strangers" and "The Bloody Chamber." She also edited the collection, "Wayward Girls and Wicked Women: An Anthology of Subversive Stories." answer: Angela _Carter_ C. He often uses myth or folklore as the foundation for his stories, such as the book-length poem "Jason and Medeia." His nihilistic novel Grendel which retells the Beowulf legend from the viewpoint of the monster. answer: John _Gardner_ 5. Given the slogan, name the year 2000 presidential candidate, 5-5-10-10: A. For 5 points, "Prosperity with a Purpose." answer: George W. _Bush_ B. For 5 points, "Building American Prosperity in the Information Age." answer: Al _Gore_ C. For 10 points, "A Stronger, More Secure America." answer: Dan _Quayle_ D. For 10 points, "He Wants You To Win." answer: Steve _Forbes_ 6. Bored women have often stirred up trouble in literature. On a 5-10-15 basis, name these females with too much time on their hands. A. For 5 points, this title heroine of a Gustave Flaubert [flow-BARE] novel conducts two affairs in an attempt to mimic her favorite romance novels. answer: Madame _Bovary_ (or "Emma Bovary") B. For 10 points, this wife of Ethan Frome is a hypochondriac. Too sick to do any chores, she recovers soon after her husband and her cousin are in a sled-crash, entrapping Ethan in a loveless marriage for the next twenty years. answer: _Zeena_ or _Zenobia_ (prompt on "Mrs. Frome") C. For 15 points, she arranges with the Vicomte de Valmont to corrupt two innocent women in Choderlos de Laclos's 1782 novel _Les Liasons Dangereuses_. Valmont experiences a change of heart and rejects her. Variants of this character have been played by Glenn Close and Sarah Michelle Gellar. answer: Marquise _de Merteuil_ 7. Name these architectural masterpieces for 10 points each: A. Construction commenced in 1869 at the order of King Ludwig of Bavaria. Ludwig had a fascination with the Lohengrin legend, and hoped to build a structure that reflected the romantic glories of German mythology. This was the inspiration for Cinderella's castle at Disney World. answer: _Neuschwanstein_ Castle B. Described by J.W. Burgon as "rose-red" and "half as old as time," this cemetery is in fact a light salmon color, and dates back to about 300 BCE. Located in present-day Jordan, it is the legacy of the ancient Nabateans, rediscovered in modern times by the Swiss explorer John Burkhardt. answer: _Petra_ C. The largest Buddhist shrine on earth, it is an attempt to imitate the Mount Meru, or golden peak that supports the universe, of Indian mythology. Located in Indonesia, it has been the focus of restorations by Dutch archaeologists and the UN. Its name means "many Buddhas". answer: _Borobudur_ 8. Given the number of a Super Bowl, name the winner for 10 points each: A. XXV [twenty-five] answer: New York _Giants_ B. XV [fifteen] answer: _Oakland_ _Raiders_ C. V [five] answer: _Baltimore_ _Colts_ 9. Name the genus and species of these common animals for 5 points answer: A. The housefly. answer: _Musca_ _domestica_ B. The dog. answer: _Canis_ _familiaris_ C. The house cat. answer: _Felis_ _catus_ 10. Tom Wolfe's book, "The Painted Word," offers a fierce critique of modern art. Name these movements from Wolfe's description of them for 15 points each: A. "In no time these theories of flatness, of abstractness, of pure form and pure color, of expressive brushwork ('action'), seemed no longer mere theories but axioms...all of them, artists and theorists, were talking as if their conscious aim was to create a totally immediate art, stripped of all the dreadful baggage of history, an art fully revealed, honest, as honest as the flat-out integral picture plane." answer: _Abstract Expressionism_ B. "Alloway, the Englishman who coined the term, provided the rationale: the comics, labels and trademarks that the artists liked were not representations of external reality. They were commonplace 'sign systems' of American culture. By enlarging them and putting them on canvas, the artists were converting them messages into something that was neither message nor external image." answer: _Pop Art_ 11. Name these World War II-era Soviet tanks that are not the T-34, for 10 points each: A. Its 106 millimeters of frontal armor allowed this heavy tank to inflict punishing losses on the advancing panzers in 1941. It was named after the People's Commissar for Defense who went on to direct the Soviet partisan effort. answer: _KV_-1 B. This series, whose acronym means "fast tank" in Russian, was based on an American design. Although the Americans rejected the inventor's prototype, the Russians made good use of the innovative suspension. answer: _BT_ (accept _Christie_) C. This massive land battleship featured five turrets served by 10 crewmen. Despite its surplus of firepower, it proved clumsy and few survived the initial clashes of 1941. answer: _T-35_ 12. In Judaism, there are three holidays known as pilgrim festivals or "regalim" in Hebrew. These were the holidays that required all males to come to the temple for worship and sacrifice. For 10 points each, name them. answer: _Passover_ or _Pesach_ _Shavuot_ or _Shavuos_ _Sukkot_ or _Sukkos_ 13. Name these smaller ranges that form part of the Rocky Mountains, for 10 points each: A. Extending over 200 miles from Fort Union, New Mexico, to Salida, Colorado, their red color in the sunset earned them their Spanish name. answer: _Sangre de Cristo_ Range B. In the fall of 1805, Lewis and Clark struggled through deep snow over these mountains that form much of the border between Montana and Idaho. answer: _Bitterroot_ Range C. This Wyoming mountain chain, located southeast of Yellowstone National Park, contains Gannett Peak, Wyoming's highest point. answer: _Wind River_ Range 14. Name these poets from lines for 10 points, or 5 if you need the title of the poem. A. (10 points) In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. (5 points) "Mirror." answer: Sylvia _Plath_ B. (10 points) Being so caught up, So mastered by the brute blood of the air, Did she put on his knowledge with his power Before the indifferent beak could let her drop? (5 points) "Leda and the Swan." answer: William Butler _Yeats_ C. (10 points) She withdrew, shrinking from beneath his arm That rested on the banister, and slid downstairs; And turned on him with such a daunting look, He said twice over before he knew himself: 'Can't a man speak of his own child he's lost?' (5 points) "Home Burial." answer: Robert _Frost_ 15. Name these fun-loving German enemies of Ancient Rome for 10 points each: A. The leader of the Cherusci who smashed the legions of Quintilius Varus at the Teutoburg Forest. answer: _Arminius_ B. The Vandal king who crossed the Mediterranean to sack Rome in 455 AD. answer: Gaiseric_ C. The warrior who defeated the last puppet king of Rome in 476. answer: _Odoacer_ 16. Name these logicians for 10 points each: A. He separated all the real numbers of a series into two parts such that each real number in one part is less than every real number in the other. This "cut" enabled him to develop an arithmetical rendering of irrational numbers. answer: (Julius Wilhelm) Richard _Dedekind_ B. This Russian-born mathematician worked out an infinite arithmetic that distinguished between the countable and uncountable. answer: Georg _Cantor_ C. His works include "Adventures of Ideas" and "Modes of Thought" as well as a collaboration with his more famous pupil. answer: Alfred North _Whitehead_ (that pupil is Bertrand _Russell_) 17. A novelist penned Bob Dole's 1996 resignation speech from the U.S. Senate but soon quit the Dole campaign and returned to fiction. For 10 points each: A. Name that author of _Message from Antproof Case_ and _Ellis Island and Other Stories_. answer: Mark _Helprin_ B. Mark Helprin has also written three children's books: _Swan Lake_, _A City in Winter_ and _The Veil of Snows_. The drawings in these books came from this artist, whose books also include _Jumanji_ and _The Polar Express_. answer: Chris _van Allsburg_ C. One of Helprin's best-known works, this 1983 novel contains the master thief Peter Lake, his flying white horse, the eccentric Praeger de Pinto and the heiress Beverly Penn. Set near the millenium, it combines a fire in Manhattan with the quest to "stop time and bring back the dead." answer: _Winter's Tale_ 18. 30-20-10. Name the composer. A. From 1845 to 1849 he lived with the Comtesse d'Agoult, by whom he had three children. B. His works include two symphonies, 12 symphonic poems and several piano pieces. C. Two of his most familiar titles are "Liebestraum" and "Mephisto Waltz #1." answer: Franz _Liszt_ 19. The Incas may be the best known Andean civilization, but other cultures preceded them by thousands of years. Name these for 10 points each: A. This windswept ruin near the Bolivian shore of Lake Titicaca is the highest ancient city in the Andes. Its enormous Gateway of the Sun is carved from a single block of volcanic stone. answer: _Tiahuanaco_ B. Although their pottery and textiles were of excellent quality, they are better known for the giant geometric patterns traced into the stony desert of their homeland. answer: The _Nazca_ C. The capital of the Chimu empire, it controlled most of northern Peru from its imposing mud-brick walls. Having conquered it, the Incas preserved much of its cultural legacy. answer: _Chan Chan_ 20. They all culminate in an emotional scene at the prom and teach the lesson that everyone deserves respect, as long as they're pretty. Name these movies from stars for 10 points each, 5 if you need plot descriptions. A. (10 points) Drew Barrymore, Michael Vartan, David Arquette, Leelee Sobieski, Molly Shannon. (5 points) A reporter goes undercover at a local high school. She falls for a teacher but learns that popularity is no substitute for friendship. answer: _Never Been Kissed_ B. (10 points) Freddie Prinze, Jr., Rachel Leigh Cook, Jody Lyn O'Keefe, Matthew Lillard, Anna Paquin. (5 points) The most popular guy in the school is dumped six weeks before the prom. He boasts that he can turn any girl into a prom queen. His friends call his bluff, and bet him that he can't woo and transform an artistic nerd. Of course, the nerdy girl ends up looking great once the glasses are off. answer: _She's All That_ C. (10 points) Larisa Oleynik, Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Larry Miller. (5 points) Inspired by "The Taming of the Shrew," it concerns the attempt of Patrick, a romantic Australian bad boy, to win the heart of Kat, a smart, prickly girl. answer: _Ten Things I Hate About You_