Matt36%FD",-Matt36"cbpbb?bb<TEXTMACA%F,-ؖPacket 36 (Dead White Male Packet #2) 1. While in London studying with Benjamin West, he was imprisoned in retribution for the hanging of Major Andre as a spy. Later he served as private secretary to John Jay. Though he is not Gilbert Stuart, he painted a full-length portrait of George Washington, as well as four paintings for the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol depicting the surrenders at Yorktown and Saratoga and the resignation of Washington. FTP, name this painter best konwn for the fourth in this series, _The Declaration of Independence_. Answer: John _Trumbull_ 2. Working in his home lab in Florida, using home-made batteries, he devised a method of electrolysis after the fashion of Sir Humphrey Davy and thereby discovered that dissolving an oxide in molten cryolite and using carbon electrodes, he could extract pure aluminum. FTP, name this American whose discovered the process simultaneously with Frenchman Paul Louis Heroult. Answer: Charles Martin _Hall_ 3. As a senator from Alabama, he supported the policies of Franklin Roosevelt, who appointed him to the U.S. Supreme Court. Serving from 1937-1971, he was noted for holding absolutely to the Constitution, especially to the rights set forth in the First Amendment. FTP, name this justice who explained as a youthful indiscretion the fact that he had once belonged to the KKK. Answer: Hugo _Black_ 4. Persian envoys were sent to this man to warn him of the futility of resisting their superior numbers, saying, Our archers are so numerous that the flight of their arrows darkens the sun. He replied, So much the better, for then we shall fight in the shade. He had succeeded his half-brother Cleomenes as king of Sparta. FTP, name this commander whose cockiness did not save him and his 7,000 hoplites from being destroyed by the Persians at Thermopylae. Answer: _Leonidas_ 5. Derived from the Neapolitan servant character in the Commedia DellArte, he was transformed into the laughing philosopher and man of letters; the essence of all wit, the concentration of wisdom. Irascible, hump-backed, and hook-nosed, he kills his infant child and bludgeons his wife. FTP, name this character, the wife of Judy and fictitious editor of a comic English magazine. Answer: _Punch_ 6. He was born at Havammur and fostered at Oddi, the home of the powerful chieftain, Jon Loptsson. Amassing much wealth and property, including the estates of Borg and Reykholt, he rose to become speaker of the Althing before being assassinated by order of Norwegian King Haakon IV. FTP, name this author of the Keimskringla and the Prose Edda. Answer: Snorri _Sturluson_ 7. Charles II learned mathematics from this man, though he spent most of his long life as tutor and companion to the Cavendish family. A materialist, he reduced even thought and memory to some species of physical motion. In 1651, he published _The Elements of Law_, and _Philosophical Rudiments_. FTP, name this ardent royalist and premature baby, most famous for works named after large monsters from the Bible. Answer: Thomas _Hobbes_ 8. In 1757, he was appointed president of the College of New Jersey, later Princeton University, but died from a smallpox innoculation only a few weeks later. He became a missionary to Indian tribes around Stockbridge, Massachusetts after being dismissed from his pulpit at the Northampton Church -- a post which he had gained in 1729, suceeding his grandfather Solomon Stoddard as proponent of strict Puritan theology. FTP, name this clergyman of Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Answer: Jonathan _Edwards_ 9. It has been alleged, but denied by officials, that while in prison in Italy, he assisted the U.S. military in its plans to invade Sicily in 1943. He came to New York City at the age of nine and worked in a hat factory. In 1936, he was convicted on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution, but his sentence was commuted and he was deported to Italy, but after he died in Naples, his body was buried in New York. FTP, name this undisputed king of the New York City Mafia during the 30s. Answer: Charles Lucky (Salvatore) _Luciano_ 10. A lifelong employee of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company sounds like an unlikely candidate to come up with any innovative ideas in linguistics. But in 1930, this man enrolled in an American Indian linguistics course at Yale and wenton to study Hebrew, Mayan, Aztec, and Hopi languages. Along with his teacher, he came up with the hypothesis that the grammar structure of a language affects the culture of its speakers. FTP, name this pupil of Edward Sapir who is not a Klingon. Answer: Benjamin _Whorf_ 11. The son of a glass-maker, he made glass-working more precise by studying the manner in which the properties of glass varied with different methods of preparation. His improved optical instruments helped Bessel and Struve determine stellar parallax. A specialist in making achromatic lenses, it was in 1814, while testing prisms, that he discovered some six hundred black gaps in the spectrum. FTP, name this man after whom these lines in the spectrum of the Sun are named. Answer: Joseph von _Fraunhofer_ 12. A staff officer of Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War, he rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel by its end. He left the army in 1853 to farm in California, but was recalled at the outbreak of the Civil War. He led some forces at Antietam andFredericksburg and in January of 1863 succeeded Ambrose Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac. He promised to defeat Lee, but was overmastered at Chancellorsville and asked to be relieved. FTP, name this general whose nickname resulted from a telegraphs omission of a hyphen after the word fighting. Answer: Joseph _Hooker_ 13. While a student at King Edward VI School and Trinity College, he developed literary friendships with Thackeray, Carlisle, and Tennyson, who dedicated his poem Tiresias to him. Among his works are _Polonius: A Collection of Wise Saws and Modern Instances). An interest in Persian poetry led him to publish an anonymous translation of _Salaman and Absal_, an allegory by Kami. FTP, name this scholar who also anonymously published his first translation of the _Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam_. Answer: Edward _Fitzgerald_ 14. A lifelong sufferer from tiberculosis, he visited London in 1720 to consult the celebrated Dr. Richard Mead, but his health failed and he returned to France, where he painted his last great work, depicting the interior of the shop of his art-dealer friend Gersaint. While staying at the castle of Montmorency, he painted his Fetes galantes -- quasi-pastoral idylls in court dress. FTP, name this French rococo artist most famous for his Embarkation for Cythera. Answer: Jean Antoine _Watteau_ 15. His stabbing of John Comyn in the church of the Minorite Friars at Dumfries allowed him to gain power, but it was not until 1320 that the Declaration of Arbroath compelled the Pope to recognize him as king. In 1297, while Earl of Carrick, he renewed his oath of homage at Carlyle, but broke it shortly thereafter by joining the rebellion of William Wallace. FTP, name this king who warred against Englands Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn. Answer: Robert the _Bruce_ 16. For several years, he was engaged in a contest with Italian composer Niccola Piccinni to see whose style of opera would dominate. After studying the music of Handel, he produced Telemacco and La Clemenza di Tito, but his style did not mature until he joined with the librettist Calzabigi. FTP, name this composer of Alceste and Iphigenie en Tauride. Answer: Christophe Willibald _Gluck_ 17. He dabbled in serveral different style of novel. _Big as Life_ uses devices from science fiction to expose the conflict and malaise of modern man. The execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg inspired his political novel, _The Book of Daniel_. He used the western his 1960 novel _Welcome to Hard Times_. FTP, name this American author of _Ragtime_. Answer: E(dgar) L(awrence) _Doctorow_ 18. His hometown of Port Elizabeth is the setting for most of his plays. Two of his later dramas, _Sizwe Banzi Is Dead_ and _The Island_ were written in collaboration with John Kani and Winston Ntshona, two actors who played the leadig roles. In the 1960s, he wrote his Port Elizabeth trilogy that consists of _Blood Knot_, _Boesman and Lena_ and _Hello and Goodbye_. FTP, name this South African playwright. Answer: Athol _Fugard_ 19. While boarding with Mrs. Mary Unwin, he received the religious ministrations of the Reverend John Newton, who forced him to incessant religious exercises. This subjected him to a nervous strain which brought on an attack of insanity in 1773. While staying with Mrs. Unwin, he wrote the line, God moves in a mysterious way as part of a collection of poems named for the parish. FTP, name this English preromantic poet of _Olney Hymns_. Answer: William _Cowper_ 20. He conceived his most famous idea in a library in Lima, Peru, while reading Theodor Mommsens history of Rome. A close friend of Theodore Roosevelt, he believed that modern weaponry was to prevent war, not to wage it, and British historian Charles Webster wrote that this man was one of the causes of the First World War. He argued that a country needed giant battleships rather than small hit-and-run crusiers. FTP, name this author of _The Influence of Sea Power Upon History_. Answer: Alfred Thayer _Mahan_the author Elephantus. His restMatt36MTEXTMACA]TEXTMACA,%Fto be run by his lieutenant Sejanus while he himself lived on the Isle of Capri. FTP, name this Emperor, the second of the Julio-