Valencia Delta Burke Invitational 2004—Round 4
Questions by the U. of Illinois (Oct. Early Bird) with some edits by CB

Toss-Up Questions

1. During an early military assignment, this man was accused of having a homosexual relationship with King Nicomedes of Bithynia. Sallust recorded this leader’s speech against executing captured members of Catiline’s conspiracy, and his many defeated enemies included Ariovistus, Pharnaces of Pontus, and Vercingetorix, whom he defeated during his conquest of Gaul. However, his greatest victory occurred at Pharsalus in 48 BCE, when he defeated Pompey. FTP who was this Roman leader assassinated on the Ides of March?
	Answer: Gaius Julius Caesar

2. The author of this work had a Lincolnshire accent, as seen in his rhyming of “wonder’d,” “sunder’d” and “blunder’d” with “hundred.” Repetition is a key device used in this poem,  exemplified by the phrase “half a league” repeated thrice in the first two lines. Based on an event in the Crimean War, the horror of the action is emphasized by repeating the phrase “Into the Valley of Death.” For ten points, identify this Tennyson poem about a doomed assault.
	Answer: “The Charge of the Light Brigade”

3. This was first isolated in 1811 by Henry Braconnot, and it consists of repeated β-1-4 N-glucosamine [“beta one four” enn glue-COSE-uh-mine] linkages, which leads to its poor solubility and highly crystalline structure. This compound is very difficult to break down, which explains its excellence as a structural material in organisms not containing cellulose. For ten points, name this compound, which comprises the majority of fungal cell walls, the exoskeletons of arthropods, and the shell of most crustaceans.
Answer: chitin

4. One of this author’s prose works is a collection of aphorisms, Meditations Divine and Moral, though she is better known for her poetry. Her collection Contemplations was published after her death, while her most important volume includes such religious verses as “Of the Vanity of All Worldly Creatures” and “The Flesh and the Spirit.” For ten points, name the Puritanical author of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, which includes a poem about her house burning down.
Answer: Anne Bradstreet (or Anne Dudley)

5. This piece is reproduced in miniature directly below the Three Shades in the artist’s The Gates of Hell, for which it was originally designed. The best-known version of this work was commissioned by Gabriel Mourney to stand in front of the Paris Panthéon, but was subsequently moved to the garden of the Hôtel Biron. This bronze is meant to invoke Michelangelo’s conception of the pensive damned. FTP name this most famous sculpture of Auguste Rodin.
Answer: The Thinker (or Le Penseur)

6. This man’s father studied Hebrew, which inspired him to study under Zellig Harris at the University of Pennsylvania. Books like American Power and the New Mandarins illustrate his opposition to the Vietnam War, but he gained critical acclaim for his analysis of “surface” and “deep” structures of sentences, and broke with tradition by claiming that grammar and syntax could not be explained as a classically conditioned set of responses. For ten points, name this author of Syntactic Structures, a controversial and famous modern linguist from MIT.
Answer:	Avram Noam Chomsky

7. One of this man’s early exploits was the capture of the fortress of Taillebourg, and his greatest set-piece battle was Arsuf. He died while besieging the castle of Chaluz in the Limousin after being wounded by a crossbow bolt. He participated in the siege of Tyre with his rival Philip Augustus of France as part of the 3rd Crusade, and was imprisoned by Leopold of Austria on his way home. The son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine he was succeeded by his brother, John. For ten points identify this English king associated with Robin Hood.
	Answer: Richard I of England (or Richard the Lionhearted or Richard Coeur de Lion)

8. This element occurs in both yellow and gray crystalline forms, the latter of which undergoes sublimation at high temperatures. Used by Paul Ehrlich in a treatment for syphilis and by the Germans during World War II for their war gas “Lewisite,” it finds use today in pesticides and herbicides, or in combination with gallium for doping in semiconductors. For ten points, name this extremely poisonous element with atomic number 33 and symbol As.
Answer:	arsenic

9. This faith’s creation story involves Ame-No-Toko-Tachi, and its gods include Hachiman, Susanowo, and Izanagi. The Kokka sect of this practice encouraged emperor-worship due to the royal pinnacle, Jimmu, descendent of the sun goddess Amaterasu. For ten points, name the religion that has a name meaning “way of the kami” and that is native to Japan.
	Answer: Shintōism

10. The largest island in this body of water, Valammo, has been home to monastery since the 10th century, and during the Siege of Leningrad, its frozen surface provided a way for Russian reinforcements to reach that city via the “road of life.” Its tributaries are the Rivers Vuoska and Sivir, and it empties via the Neva into the Gulf of Finland. Located in Karelia, Russia, for ten points, name this largest lake in Europe.
Answer: Lake Ladoga (or Ladozhskoye Ozero or Ladozhskoe Ozero)

11. The ascendancy of this ruling line resulted from the insurgency of the bandit leader Li Tzu-ch’eng, and its first significant emperor was K’ang-hsi. This dynasty largely adopted the practices of the Ming, which it replaced around 1644, and it was founded by Manchus who would rule the country until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1912. For ten points, identify this final Chinese dynasty whose rule saw the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions.
Answer: Ch’ing dynasty (or Qing dynasty; accept Manchu dynasty before it’s mentioned)

12. After dropping out of school at age 18, this scientist worked as an assistant paleontologist for Louis Leakey. This woman gained fame for her longtime work at the Gombe Stream National Park, was made a Dame of the British Empire in 2003, and has a namesake institute centered at Ridgefield, Connecticut. For ten points, name the author of In the Shadow of Man, a British ethologist famous for her lifelong studies of apes in Tanzania.
Answer:	Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall

13. The ignorance of the public in this novel is represented by Gail Wynand’s publication, “The Banner,” and its author’s aversion to organized religion can be seen in a speech that Peter Keating hears from Ellsworth Toohey near the end. Henry Cameron is the first employer of the main character, whom Dominique Francon privately sleeps with and publicly derides for his non-traditional buildings. For ten points, name this novel about the selfish young architect Howard Roark, written by Ayn Rand.
Answer:	The Fountainhead
14. This property arises due to off-diagonal elements of the momentum transfer tensor, and, in many fluids, it is a constant of proportionality between the sheer stress and strain rate. Poiseuille’s [pwa-ZAYZ] equation relates the pipe friction factor to this property for laminar flow, so the cgs unit for its dynamic variety is called the Poise. For ten points, name the fluid property that has dynamic and kinematic versions, both of which measure the resistance of a fluid to flow.
	Answer: viscosity (accept dynamic viscosity or kinematic viscosity before “its dynamic variety”)

15. Under current plans to take over the world, Pinky is constructing doohickeys while Brain builds gizmos. 4 hours of labor are needed to build each doohickey/gizmo combo. If 40 hours are needed to construct 12 doohickeys and 4 gizmos, FTP, and given 15 seconds, how many hours of work are needed to produce a single doohickey and how many hours to produce a single gizmo?
Answer: 3 hours for a doohickey and 1 hour for a gizmo 

16. This locale is the site of the grave of Osceola, and is named for the victor at the battle of Hanging Rock. The original designs for this building were created in 1827, and construction of the artificial island on which it sits began two years later. However, this Fort was not occupied until December 1860, when forces under the command of Major Robert Anderson were ordered to garrison it to enforce Union suzerainty. For ten points, name this fortification built to defend Charleston Harbor, the site of the traditional opening exchanges of the American Civil War.
Answer: Fort Sumter

17. In the operator theory of quantum mechanics, this entity is the operand used to determine the various properties of a particle. According to the Born interpretation, the square of the absolute value of this at any given point is equal to the probability density for finding the particle that it represents at that point. For ten points, name the fundamental function of quantum mechanics that is symbolized ψ and determined in general by the Schrödinger equation.
	Answer: wave function (or state function or state vector)

18. In the rear of the action of this 1784 work are three women, two of whom have fainted, and a child. The central figure, father of the title characters, wears a red toga and holds in his left hand a scimitar, cutlass, and gladius. The titular action is taken by the three brothers on the right, all of whom wear crested helmets in, for ten points, what work depicting a solemn ceremony from Livy; a neoclassical painting by Jacques Louis David.
Answer: The Oath of the Horatii (or Le serment des Horaces)

19. This man’s claims about his past seem to match his appearance, given his Buster Sword and green “Mako” eyes, but he has actually swapped personalities with Zach, a SOLDIER present at the destruction of his hometown of Nibelheim, whom he emulates so well that he wins Zach’s ex-girlfriend, Aeris Gainsborough. For ten points, name this adversary of Shinra and Sephiroth, the spiky-haired protagonist of Final Fantasy VII.
	Answer: Cloud Strife

20. The speaker in this poem claims to accept both reality and Time absolutely. Divided into 52 separate parts, its twenty-fourth section describes the speaker as a “kosmos, of mighty Manhattan the son”, while another invites the reader to come and “Loafe with [him] on the grass.”  This is after he makes repeated claims about his love for the soul, and that he assumes that the reader shall as well. For ten points, name this long poem in which Walt Whitman celebrates himself.
Answer:	“Song of Myself”

Valencia Delta Burke Invitational—Round 4 Bonuses

1. For ten points each, answer the following questions about Operation Just Cause.
1. Operation Just Cause is the codename for the invasion of which Central American country?
Answer: Republic of Panama (or República de Panama)
2. Which U.S. President ordered the execution of Operation Just Cause?
Answer: George Herbert Walker Bush (prompt on George Bush; grudgingly accept George Herbert Walker Bush, Sr. or other close equivalents)
3. What commander of the Panamanian Defense Forces was arrested and brought to the U.S. to stand trial for drug trafficking?
Answer:  Manuel Antonio Noriega Morena

2. Name each of the following about some fundamental particles for ten points.
1. The name of these subatomic particles is derived from James Joyce’s description of the sound a seagull makes. They have baryon number 1/3, come in six “flavors” and three “colors,” and comprise the hadrons and mesons.
	Answer: quarks
2. This most massive of quarks has a rest energy of about 176 gigaelectronvolts, a charge of two-thirds the proton charge, and a value of 1 for its namesake property. It was discovered at Batavia, Illinois’ Fermi Lab in 1994.
	Answer: top quark (or truth quark)
3. This particle with a rest energy around 200 megaelectronvolts greatly extends the mean lives of particles that contain it, since it must be transformed via the weak force in order to decay. The Ω- [“omega minus”] hyperon consists of three of these.
	Answer: strange quark

3. Name each of the following ancient philosophical movements for ten points.
1. This term is now used derisively, but originally referred to a group of traveling, compensated teachers from Greece in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. Some famous ones are Antiphon, Prodicus, and Gorgias.
	Answer: Sophists
2. This philosophical movement was founded in the 4th century BCE by Antisthenes and Diogenes of Synope. Its chief virtues shamelessness, austerity, and outspokenness and it hoped to bring men back to a more natural, or “dog-like” way of living.
	Answer: Cynicism
3. This movement of “inquiry” gained favor when Arcesilaus made it the official Academic philosophy in the 2nd century BCE. The original, or “dogmatic” variety demands complete epistemological suspension, but may be shown to be contradictory in first principles by the argument of the Stoic Antipater.
	Answer: Skepticism

4. Identify the following about the Holy Roman Empire for ten points each.
1. This Hohenstaufen ruler drowned while on the 3rd Crusade.
Answer: Frederick I Barbarosa (accept Frederick I Barbarossa) 
2. This grandson of Ferdinand of Aragon was both King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-56. His reigns saw conflict with France in Italy, and the spread of Protestantism and accompanying religious wars. 
Answer: Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (or Charles I of Spain)
3. This family first gained the crown of the Holy Roman Empire after1273. They also held the throne of Austria until the abdication of Charles I, the son of Franz Josef, in 1918.
	Answer: Hapsburgs
5. Name each of the following masterful low countrymen for ten points.
1. This court painter of Burges is sometimes given credit for inventing the medium of oil painting. His works include St. Francis Receiving the Stigmata; The Arnolfini Wedding; and, with his brother Hubert, The Ghent Altarpiece.
	Answer: Jan van Eyck
2. This Haarlem resident and possible disciple of Carel van Mander also had a painter brother, Dirk. His works include Gypsy Girl, Jester with a Lute, and The Laughing Cavalier.
	Answer: Franz Hals
3. This multi-talented Fleming worked as a political ambassador and collaborated with van Dyck and Breughel. His own paintings include The Descent from the Cross, The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, The Four Evangelists, and a series about Marie de’ Medici.
	Answer: Peter Paul Reubens

6. Identify the following related to the English Civil War from clues for ten points each.
1. This English king fought the Civil War against the Parliamentary forces, but was eventually captured and executed in 1649.
	Answer: Charles I of England
2. This commander of the Ironsides regiment was the most noted Parliamentary general and acted as Fairfax’s second in command after the founding of the New Model Army. He would later become Lord Protector of England.
	Answer: Oliver Cromwell
3. This June 1645 battle, in which Fairfax defeated Prince Rupert of the Rhine, was the climactic battle of the first phase of the Civil War. Less than a year later, Charles surrendered to the Scots.
	Answer: Battle of  Naseby

7. [Computational Math – 10 seconds per part] Suppose that a suspicious electronic device contains three black wires, two green wires, a red wire, and a white wire.
1. (5 points) If an inept bomb squad technician cuts a wire at random, what is the probability that he cuts the red wire?
	Answer: 1/7
2. (10 points) How many different ways could the criminal mastermind behind this device have chosen colors for the seven wires, given that he had access to red, white, green, and black sheaths?
	Answer: 120 
3. (15 points) Assuming that wires of the same color are indistinguishable, in how many different orders can the wires be cut?
	Answer: 420

8. Answer each of the following questions about a certain empire for ten points.
1. This empire evolved from the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire after the reforms of Diocletian. It was ruled from Constantinople.
	Answer: Byzantine Empire
2. This deft Byzantine emperor ruled from 527-565 CE, and quelled the Nika revolt with the aid of his excellent general, Belisarius.
	Answer: Flavius Justinianus I (or Petrus Sabbatius)
3. Justinian may be best known for this namesake work, which was largely complied by his advocate, Tribonian, and was first published in 529 CE.
	Answer: Justinian Code of Laws (or Codex Justinianus)

9. Name these American poets from clues about their works, for ten points each.
1. This St. Louis native wrote the poems “To a Steam-Roller,” “The Labors of Hercules,” and “Poetry,” which states of its subject “I, too, dislike it.”
Answer: Marianne Craig Moore
2. This Chicagoan and Illinois poet laureate wrote the collections A Street in Bronzeville and In the Mecca, and the poems “Annie Allen” and “We Real Cool.”
Answer: Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks
3. This member of a prestigious family authored the collections What’s O’Clock? and Can Grande’s Castle, and is famous for the poem the poem “Patterns.”
Answer: Amy Lowell 

10. Name each of the following nations of Asia from geographical clues for ten points.
1. This central Asian nation, independent since 1991, has its highest point at Victory Peak and is run from Bishkek.
	Answer: Kyrgyzstan (or Kyrgyz Republic or Kyrgyz Respublikasy)
2. This kite-shaped nation of 676,577 square kilometers contains such cities as Mandalay and Yangôn.
	Answer: Union of Myanmar (or Burma)
3. This is sandwiched between China and Russia. With a population of approximately two million, a quarter of which lives in Ulaanbaatar, it has one of the lowest population densities in the world. 
	Answer: Outer Mongolia (or Mongol Uls

11. Answer each of the following about a scientist and his work for ten points.
1. This thin-skinned, alchemy-obsessed Englishman discovered the binomial theorem, the fundamentals of the calculus, and the inverse square distance principle of circular motion before beginning graduate school.
	Answer: Isaac Newton
2. This 1687 work is almost definitely Newton’s best known, and states his theory of universal gravitation and three laws of motion in fluxion form. It arose from a challenge by Robert Hooke and request from Edmond Halley.
	Answer: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
3. Newton’s two-volume work on this subject resulted from his tracts “Of Color” and “Hypothesis of Light.” In this work, Newton attempts to explain the diffraction, reflection, and aberration of light via an ethereal corpuscular hypothesis.
	Answer: Optiks

12. Identify the American play from clues for ten points each.
1. This title locale of this Thornton Wilder drama is Grover’s Corners.
	Answer: Our Town
2. At the end of this Eugene O’Neill play, Theodore Hickman, or Hickey, reveals to the denizens of Harry Hope’s tavern that he has just killed his wife.
	Answer: The Iceman Cometh
3. This Tennessee Williams play focuses on the stressed relationship of Brick and Maggie while they are visiting Big Daddy, father of the former.
	Answer: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

13. Name these vitamins, for ten points each.
1. This is also called retinol, and is used in making visual pigments. A deficiency in this vitamin results in night blindness and flaky skin, and nobody wants those.
Answer: A
2. Part of the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+, a lack of this vitamin can result in pellagra and inflammation of nerves, which are no fun for anyone.
Answer: B3 (or niacin)
3. This fat-soluble vitamin is crucial to blood clotting and repairing wounds in the skin, if you have any.
Answer: K (or naphthoquinone)

14. Identify the Roman poets from clues for ten points each.
1. This member of Maecenas’s literary circle wrote the Ecologues and Georgics, but is best remembered for his epic of Rome’s origins, The Aeneid.
	Answer: Publius Vergilius Maro
2. Anther member of Maecenas’s literary group was this poet known for his Ars Poetica, his Carmen Saeculara, and, most famously, his books of Odes.
	Answer: Horace (or Quintus Horatius Flaccus)
3. This author of The Art of Love was exiled to the Black Sea by Augustus. His most famous work is probably The Metamorphoses.
	Answer: Publius Ovidius Naso

15. Name each of the following syncretic religions native to the Americas for ten points.
1. This Haitian faith effectively centers around worship of loa, many of whom correspond to Catholic saints, conducted by a mambo or houngan. Its name means “god” in the Fon language.
Answer: Voodoo (or Voudou or Vodun or Vaudoux)
2. The common name for this Yoruba-based religion comes from the Spanish term for its clerics. It focuses on the creation of a good relationship with the orishas, who include Eleguá and Shangó, through ceremonies called bembés.
Answer: Santeria (or La Regla de Ochau or The Order of the Orishas or La Religión Lucumí or The Order of the Lucamí)
3. Candomblé and Umbanda are the biggest sects of this Brazilian religion, whose interesting facets include the offering of cigars to saints like Ogum and Iemanjá.
	Answer: Macumba

16. Name these cool effects that water has for ten points each.
1. Due to its polarity, water is attracted to other polar molecules. This is the name given to water’s attraction to itself.
Answer:	cohesion
2. At the interface of air and water, all of the hydrogen bonds in water face downward, resulting in this phenomenon, which allows small insects to walk on water.
Answer:	surface tension
3. The adhesion force of water to the surface of a glass tube is stronger than gravity, meaning that the water will rise up into the glass tube away from the surrounding water.
Answer:	capillary action (accept capillarity or other clear-knowledge equivalents)

17. Name the following Asian rivers for ten points each
1. This river of Southeast Asia flows through Vientiane and Phnom Penh and is the 12th longest river in the world.
Answer: Mekong River (or Mékôngh or Mènam Khong or Mae Nam Khong or Sông Tiên Giang or Lancang Jiang or Lan-ts’ang Chiang)
2. This flood-prone river is known as “China’s Sorrow;” is the second-longest river in that country; flows through Jinan; and ends at Po Hai, or the Gulf of Chili.
Answer: Yellow River (or Huang Ho or Hwang Ho or Huang He)
3. This principal river of Pakistan is about 2,900 kilometers in length and was once home to an eponymous civilization.
Answer: Indus River

18. Name each of the following architectural giants of the Renaissance for ten points.
1. This powerful Florentine and subject of a biography by Manetti designed the Pazzi Chapel and the cupola, or dome, of the Florence cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore.
	Answer: Filippo Brunelleschi
2. This architect from Urbino and chief apostle of the High Renaissance designed the Belvidere Court of the Vatican and served as the chief planner for Julius II’s rebuilding project for St. Peter’s after 1506.
	Answer: Danato Bramante
3. This 16th century designer is known for his own buildings; including the Villa Cornaro, Villa Marcello, and Villa Rotunda; and for his treatise, The Four Books of Architecture.
	Answer: Andrea Palladio (or Andrea di Pietro della Gondola)

19. Identify these writers from the northern Renaissance from clues for ten points each.
1. This humanist writer advocated a religious outlook he called “The Philosophy of Christ” but is best known for his work In Praise of Folly.
	Answer: Desiderius Erasmus
2. The “Apology for Raimond Sebond” is found in this Frenchman’s innovative collection of moral musing entitled The Essays.
	Answer: Michel de Montaigne
3. This onetime Franciscan is best known for Gargantua and Pantagruel.
	Answer: François Rabelais (or Alcofribas Nasier)

20. Identify the following about a corporate battle in Russia for ten points each.
1. Critics claim that this Russian president is attempting to rescind the free-market reforms of the post-Soviet era as a means to solidify his political control over the nation.
Answer: Vladimir Putin
2. The Kremlin announced the “discovery” of several years’ worth of unpaid taxes as a means of leveraging ownership of the giant Yukos corporation, which is Russia’s largest producer of what commodity?
Answer: oil or petroleum (accept equivalents)
3. What principle owner of Yukos has claimed that his company was targeted because he attempted to run for president against Putin in the spring 2004 elections?
Answer: Mikhail Khodorkovsky