1. It was written in the 1626 Claude-Gaspar Bachet translation of Diophantes' Arithmetica. Gauss discussed it in a theory* of quadratic forms. Ernst Kummer's work led to algebraic number fields. It states that there are no natural numbers x, y, z such that xn +yn+zn, in which n is a natural number greater than two. It was finally solved in 1995 by Princeton professor Andrew Wiles. FTP, name this mathematical teaser. A: Fermat's Last Theorem 2. The Treaty of Fort Greenville codified the result of this battle. Chief Little Turtle signed it; as chief of the Miami tribe, he had led a confederation of a dozen tribes opposed to American encroachment in the* Northwest. 2000 Indian warriors, with British support, gathered on the Maumee river, were routed in less than two hours by American troops under General Anthony Wayne. FTP, name this 1794 battle. A: Battle of Fallen Timbers 3. Currently a winter resort, it has attracted a growing number of tourists. The smallest of the three Iles de Salut, it is about ten miles from the mainland and the Kourou River mouth.* Originally a leper colony, it's last prisoner left in 1953, fifteen years after transportation of people to penal colonies was abolished. FTP, name this island where Dreyfus was held. A: Devil's Island 4. One of the main themes of this work is the ironic desire to "die beautifully." Eilert Lovborg has reformed himself, but after losing an important manuscript, his ex-lover gives him a pistol and that dreaded advice. Judge Brack* knows how Lovborg died, and wishes to blackmail the title character into becoming his mistress. She would rather not, and takes the advice she gave to Lovborg by killing herself. FTP, name this Henrik Ibsen play about a neurotic, power-hungry psychopath. A: Hedda Gabler 5. A Copperhead was arrested in his Indiana home in 1864, and charged with conspiring to free Confederate soldiers* and inciting rebellion. He was tried in an Indiana military court and sentenced to death. The Supreme Court overturned his conviction, declaring that military trials in areas where civilian courts were still functioning were unconstitutional. FTP, name this pro-habeus corpus decision. A: Ex Parte Milligan also accept Milligan 6. Defeated for the presidency of his country by Alberto Fujimori in 1990, he describes this experience in A Fish in the Water. A leading disciple of both Margaret Thatcher and Jean-Paul Sartre, his first novel, The Time of the Hero,* was burned by the Lima military school he attended. Both Death in the Andes and The Real Life of Alejandro Mayta look at the violent recent history of Peru. FTP, name this Peruvian writer, author of Conversations in the Cathedral. A: Mario Vargas Llosa 7. Adapted by Viktor Leon and Leo Stein from L'Attache, a play by Henri Meilhac, it was Hitler's favorite opera. He particularly loved the act two love duet by Danilo and* Hanna Glawari. Baron Mirko Zeta wants Hanna's fortune to aid the revolutionary cause, so he attempts to marry her off to the dashing, handsome Danilo. FTP, name this Viennese operetta by Franz Lehar. A: The Merry Widow 8. With a name derived from the Latin for "wandering," it is part of the parasympathetic nervous system. It is the tenth and longest cranial nerve and is composed of both motor and sensory fibers. Containing branches to the heart, lungs, and stomach, its stimulation can result in a * drop in blood pressure, leading to fainting spells in those with hypotension. For ten points, identify this nerve that can be stimulated by something as simple as choking on a pretzel, as President Bush learned last week A: Vagus nerve 9. Born in Newgate prison to a woman convicted of theft, she is abandoned by her mother, who is transported to America. Raised by the mayor of Colchester*, she marries five times. While in America with one of her husbands, she meets her mother, who tells her that her husband is her brother. After leaving him, she goes back to England, only to return to America to become a successful planter. FTP, name this picaresque social novel by Daniel Defoe. A: Moll Flanders 10. There was a major showing of his work in 2000 in the Corcoran Galley in Washington, with some of the paintings taken from his studio in Stockbridge,* Massachusettes. During World War II, he painted the Four Freedoms, posters of which were distributed by the Office of War Information. From 1916-1963 he painted 317 covers for the Saturday Evening Post. FTP, name this homey American artist. A: Norman Rockwell 11. His coffin was closed after his 1825 death, leading to rumors that he had faked his death and gone into hiding. Other rumors say that he had had his father,* Paul I, killed. After meeting Napoleon at Tilsit in 1807 he brought Russia into the Continental System, though he never tried to have it enforced, one reason Napoleon invaded in 1812. FTP, name this Czar from 1801 to 1825. A: Alexander I 12. It's title comes from Song of Solomon 2:15, and a sequel, Another Part of the Forest, was performed in 1946. Set in the 1900 South, a predatory family, the Hubbards,* exploits all who come in their path, including their Negro maid Addie and Aunt Birdie, an Old South woman married to a Hubbard male who finds solace in alcohol. The imperial figure of Regina Hubbard dominates the play. FTP, name this Lillian Hellman work. A: Little Foxes 13. For deuterium, its value is 0.002388 atomic mass units. Einstein's equation E= m c squared rationalizes the deviation from the expected mass by explaining the difference as the * binding energy of the nucleus - the most stable arrangement of the nucleons. For ten points identify this term signifying the difference between the rest mass of an atomic nucleus and the sum of the rest masses of its individual nucleons in the unbound state. A: Mass defect 14. The first day of this festival was an Assembly day, the second was the Halade - the day where initiates raced to the sea with a piglet under their arm* and bathed themselves for purification. The fifth day was the Pompe day, where the initiates walk 14 miles on the Sacred Way from Athens. FTP name this mystery religion of Ancient Greece which was performed in honor of Demeter and her daughter. A: Eleusinian Mysteries 15. His poems include Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War and Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land. When he turned to poetry, his early reputation, based on his relationship with cannibals,* had long been forgotten. When he deserted his ship Acushnet he chilled with the Typees. FTP, name this author of Billy Budd, White Jacket, and Moby Dick. A: Herman Melville 16. Let R be a ring and I a subset of R. Assume I is a subring of R (*) Furthermore, assume that if r is any element of R, then rI is contained in I and Ir is contained in I. FTP, what is the name for this type of structure, the equivalent for normal groups in rings. A: Two-Sided Ideal 17. The son of the Episcopal bishop of Connecticut and a beer heiress, he spent two years as private Secretary to Louis Brandeis. In his 1970 memoir, Present at the Creation, he detailed his role in founding NATO, the nonrecognition of China, and the Korean War. FTP, name this fourth and final Secretary of State for Harry Truman. A: Dean Acheson 18. Deeply interested in the inflection of the Czech language, his choral work Diary of One Who Vanished was also influenced by Moravian folk music. His later operas include the Cunning Little Vixen and the Makropolous Case, but his international reputation rests on 1904's Jenufa. FTP, name this Czech nationalist composer. A: Leos Janacek In 1969, he wrote "A Boy Named Sue," for which he received a Grammy for Best Country Song. However, he is primarily known not as a songwriter, but as an author and illustrator of children's books. FTP, name this bestselling author of The Giving Tree and A Light in the Attic. A: Shel Silverstein Hoping to follow in the footsteps as such companies as Catepillar, the new line will offer moderately priced fashions designed to compete with such Italian designers as Benneton SpA. Lawyer Juerg Brand says that "it is one of the most famous names in the world", although that may be more a liability than an asset Influenced by Hindu literature, he composed the opera Savitri and four sets of choral hymns from the Rigveda. Teaching at a girls' school for most of his life, he wrote mainly operas, including Sita,* The Perfect Fool, and at the Boar's Head, along with the suite Egdon Heath. FTP, name this father of the English folk song revival and composer of the Planets. A: Gustav Holst Name the Oscar Wilde works from clues FTPE. 1. Based on a misunderstanding, it is about the ambition of Jack Worthing to marry Gwendolyn Fairfax, daughter of Lady Bracknell. Worthing is actually the daughter of Lady Bracknell's sister. Importance of Being Earnest 2. Annoyed at her husband's frienship with Mrs. Erlynne, the title character decides to run away with Lord Darlington. The loss of the title object causes problems. Lady Windermere's Fan. 3. Painted by Basil Hallward, it grows ugly and degenerate while its subject continues in good health. Finally, he kills Hallward, and is found old and dead. The Picture of Dorian Gray New York City. Republican mayors. TPE. 1. After pursuing John Gotti, he defeated David Dinkins in 1993 and was reelected in 1997. Rudolph Giuliani 2. A financial magnate and Democrat until recently, he succeeded Giuliani earlier this month. Michael Bloomberg 3. Before Giuliani, the last Republican mayor was this man, elected in 1965, though he later became a Democrat. John Lindsay Name the 20th century philosophers from clues FTPE. 1.Believing that change was the basis of reality, the 1927 Nobel Prize winner believed that that change should be positive and progressive- hence his theory of Creative Evolution. Henri Bergson 2. His book Logical Inquiries, which influenced Sartre, introduced the concept of phenomenology. Edmund Husserl 3. A professor at Freiburg and Gottingen, he was one of the founders of existentialism and wrote Being and Time, later getting into hot water for his support of the Nazi regime. Martin Heidegger Identify the following ways of depicting molecules for ten points each. A. Generally drawn with the most oxidized carbon at the top, vertical bonds face away, horizontal bonds face towards. Fischer Projection B. A molecule is viewed along the bond between two atoms. The atoms, represented by circles, have bonds drawn to the centre of the nearer atom but only to the edge of the circle of the farther atom. Newman Projection C. Used almost exclusively in depicting sugars, the horiztonal bond at the bottom of the ring comes out of the plane and vertical lines on each carbon indicate attachments above and below the ring. Haworth Projection Name the following about an American playwrite FTPE. 1. He is the author of the Play about the Baby, the Zoo Story, and Quotations from Chairman Mao-tse Tung. Edward Albee 2. This play is about the struggle between George and Martha, college academics who constantly battle each other. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 3. This 1994 play shows the same woman, in three different stages of her life, reflecting on her life and struggles with her other selves. Three Tall Women. Name the 19th century American composers from clues FTPE. 1. Perhaps not a serious composer, he wrote the songs Oh, Susannah, My Old Kentucky Home, and Old Folks at Home, the state song of Florida. Stephen Foster 2. Born in New Orleans, he wrote Bamboula, A Night in the Tropics, and the Dying Poet, dying while playing that piece in Rio de Janiero in 1869. Louis Gottschalk 3. Trained in Germany, his works include From Uncle Remus, Woodland Skectches, From A Wild Rose, and Hamlet and Ophelia. He died an early death in 1908. Edward MacDowell Supply the German term useful in physics for 15 from a description, or from the English translation for 10 pts each a. (15) described by the Compton effect, this is the production of X-rays that occurs when electrons are scattered by a crystal lattice. (10) "breaking radiation" BREMMSTRALUNG b. (15) used chiefly by Galileo, Hawking, and Einstein, this technique is applicable when no method of actual testing is possible, or perhaps feasible. It also moves tests or demonstrations to the ideal world without friction, etc (10) "thought experiment" GENDANKENEXPERIMENT Name these ships involved in the Titanic affair FTPE. 1. Lying barely ten miles north of the Titanic, this ship, piloted by Captain Lord, ignored the Titanic's distress calls. Californian 2. Captained by Arthur Rostron, she sailed sixty miles through pack ice to pick up the Titanic's lifeboats. Carpathia 3. The Titanic's earlier sister ship, she was over 500 miles away at the time of the accident. She survived until being sold for scrap in 1935. Olympic Answer these questions about events leading up to the Civil War FTPE. 1. Passed in 1850, it allowed Southern slave owners to come North and reclaim runaway slaves. Opposition in the North was so intense that mobs gathered to prevent enforcement. Fugitive Slave Act 2. Repealing the Missouri Compromise, it enshrined the principle of popular sovereignty and created two new territories, hence the name. Kansas-Nebraska Act 3. Stating that the Missouri Compromise had always been unconstitutional, the 1857 Supreme Court decision said that slavery was not the business of the federal government. Dred Scott FTP each, given a sculpture, name the artist. a. Bird in Space ANSWER: Constantin Brancusi b. Pauline Borghese as Venus ANSWER: Antonio Canova c. Ecstasy of St. Teresa ANSWER: Gianlorenzo Bernini Identify the following parts of a flower for ten points each. A. The outer parts of a flower that enclose a developing bud. Sepal B. The female reproductive organs in a flower, including the stigma, style, and ovary. Pistil C. The male reproductive organ of a plant, composed of the filiment and the anther. Stamen Norse myth. Figures. Name them. TPE. 1. As watchdog of Asgard, he will sound his Gjallarhorn to assemble the gods at Ragnarok. Heimdall 2. The husband of Frigga, he was the god of wisdom, poetry, and war; from his name comes the word Wednesday, as it was supposed to be good for sowing. Odin. accept Woden. 3. The son of Odin, he killed the Midgard Serpent with his hammer. He is also the thunder god. Thor When given the country, name the dynasty associated with that country FTPE. 1. Byzantium Paleologue or Paleologus 2. Bavaria Wittlesbach 3. Italy, 1861-1946 Savoy Name these types of magnetism FTP each: a. the most important type of magnetism, it is when metals such as cobalt and manganese are strongly attracted by a magnetic field. It entails magnetic permeability up to 1000 times that of free space FEROMAGNETISM b. this is the weak attraction of materials to a magnetic field due to the partial alignment of unpaired electrons of identical spin PARAMAGNETISM c. this phenomenon is the repulsion of some elements such as antimony and bismuth by a magnetic field, and is accompanied by permeability less than that of free space DIAMAGNETISM Name the historical figure from quotes by or about him 30-20-10. 30. "He was every woman's man, and every man's woman." 20. Cato the Younger said he was the only sober man to try to wreck the Constitution. 10. Shortly before being killed, he said, "Et tu, Brute?" A: Julius Ceasar Name the European artistic groups FTPE. 1. Founded by Konstantin Stanislavsky in 1898, it's first performance as Aleksey Tolstoy's Tsar Fyodor Ionnovich. It later championed Chekhov. Moscow Art Theatre 2. Founded in Paris in 1909 by Sergey Diaghilev, it premiered the ballets Parade, Petrushka, and the Rite of Spring. Ballet Russes. 3.Founded in East Germany in 1949 by Bertolt Brecht, it performed his works and others of Epic Theatre, and was probably the largest single influence on the performance of drama in the last fifty years. Berliner Ensemble Answer the following about the Saudi royal family FTPE. 1. This man, who died in 1953, founded the Saudi dynasty and created the Saudi state. Ibn Saud 2. Ibn Saud believed in this sect of Islam, very much a minority in a world of Shi'ites and Sunnis. Wahabite 3. This man, one of Ibn Saud's approximately fifty legitimate sons, is the current king. Faisal. Name the American writers on Indian issues FTPE. 1. A friend of Emily Dickinson, she wrote Ramona and A Century of Dishonor, attacking American policy towards Indians. Helen Hunt Jackson. 2. A Kiowa Indian, his works include The Way to Rainy Mountain and House Made of Dawn. N. Scott Momaday 3. A Laguna Pueblo Indian, her novels include The Almanac of the Dead, Laguna Woman, and Ceremony. Leslie Marmon Silko The Tomb of Edgar Poe and the Afternoon of a Faun. Stephane Mallarme 2. In later life a slave trader in Africa, before he