Tossups- Chicago A Elvis 1999 PHILOSOPHY 1. This group emerged from discussions between Otto Neurath, a sociologist, Hans Hahn, a mathematician, and Philip Frank, a physicist. Most members of this group, including its philosophers, had significant scientific and mathematical training. It existed from its inception in 1907 through the 1930's, when the pressures of Nazism forced almost all of its members abroad. FTP, name this "Circle", central to the development of logical positivism, and a key figure in the development of analytic philosophy. Ans: _Vienna Circle_ or _Wiener Kreis_ 2. LITERATURE He once said, "Sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation. The other eight are unimportant." His writings are full of bawdy humor, uninhibited fascination with sex, and rambling philosophical musings. His first major work was censored in the U.S. for thirty years; it was not published there until 1961. FTP, name the Sage of Big Sur and you will name the author of the banned work, _Tropic of Cancer_. Ans: _Henry_ Valentine _Miller_ 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE This drug acts as an anesthetic because it interrupts the conduction of impulses in nerves. When ingested in small amounts, it produces feelings of well being and euphoria, along with a decreased appetite, relief from fatigue, and increased mental alertness. However, it is highly addictive, and effects of its prolonged use include inability to sleep, loss of appetite, and disturbing tactile hallucinations. FTP, name this drug with chemical formula C17H21N04. ANS: _Cocaine_ 4. POP CULTURE/SPORTS (Note to Moderator: Read Slowly) "Deceive Inveigle Obfuscate", "Everything Dies", "Believe The Lie","Deny Everything," and "Trust No One," have all replaced, at the beginning of the show, FTP, what famous X-Files tagline? ANS: _The Truth Is Out There_ (Moderator: prompt on an early buzz of "The X-Files") 5. HISTORY As a child, he hardly had what could be called a stable childhood: his mother was separated from his father when he was two by a permanent shift in the alliances of the daimyos, and when he was seven he was sent as a hostage to the Imagawa family. Oh, but he got his revenge, on the Imagawa's and many others as well on his path to become the founder of the last shogunate in Japan. FTP, name this Shogun who finally brought peace to a united Japan. Ans: _Tokugawa_ Ieyasu 6. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE From the 1920s to the 1940s, this German-born Hollywood director created such films as _So This is Paris_, _Design For Living_, and the anti-Nazi _To Be or Not to Be_. Master of the romantic comedy, in the filmmaker's lingo, to say that a film has his touch is to say it has class. FTP, name this man whose movie _The Shop Around the Corner_ was remade into this year's _You've Got Mail_. Ans: Ernst _Lubitsch_ 7. SCIENCE Pencil and paper ready, give 15 seconds for calculation. Consider a regular polygon of N equal sides laying on a plane with polar coordinates r and theta. The first vertex is at (a,0), the second at (a, 2 pi divided by N) and the j-th at (a, (j-l) times two pi divided by N). Suppose there is a positive charge Q at each vertex. FTP, what is the electric field at the origin? Ans: _zero_ 8. POP CULTURE/SPORTS He played for the St. Louis Cardinals, the Cleveland Indians, and the New York Yankees. He also has the third highest single season home run total of all players not in the Hall of Fame. FTP, name this outfielder who achieved his greatest fame while wearing number 9 for the Yankees. ANS: Roger _Maris_ 9. HISTORY This Princeton grad and former ambassador, still alive at the age of 94, won Pulitzers for Russia Leaves the War and Memoirs 1925-1950. In the late 1950s, he disavowed many of the implications of his most famous essay, published under the pseudonym "X" in July 1947 in Foreign Affairs magazine. FTP, name this man who argued that the US foreign policy towards the USSR should be one not of appeasement, but of containment. Ans: George Frost _Kennan_ 10. LITERATURE Published in 1 BC, this book of didactic poetry is a manual of seduction and intrigue for the man about town. The lover's quarry is to be sought in the demimonde, among women on the fringes of respectable society who are supported by wealthy lovers. The author explicitly disclaims the intention of teaching adultery; but all of his teaching could be applied to the seduction of married women. FTP, name this brilliant medley of social and personal satire by Ovid. Ans: The _Art of Love_ or _Arms Amatoria_ 11. FINE ARTS This composer studied under Cowell and Schoenberg before striking out on his own. One of his inventions was the "prepared piano," a grand piano with various objects stuck between the strings to produce a one man percussion orchestra. FTP, name this aleatory composer of 1952's 4'33" (Four Minutes, Thirty-three Seconds), a piece in which an individual sits in front of a piano for exactly that amount of time and plays nothing. Ans: John _Cage_ 12. GEOGRAPHY It is the fourth longest river in Europe, and rises on the southern slopes of the Valdai Hills, west of Moscow in Smolensk province. Major ports on this river are Dorogobuzh and Smolensk in Russia, Orsha in Belarus, and Kherson and Kiev in the Ukraine. FTP, name this river, which flows into the Black Sea. ANS: _Dnieper_ 13. SCIENCE This reaction is carried out in a carbonating tower where brine is saturated with ammonia and carbon dioxide. The sodium hydrogen carbonate that forms is removed by filtration and decomposed in a rotary drier. Name this mid-19th century process for producing sodium carbonate, which originated in Belgium. Ans: the _Solvay Process_ 14. HISTORY This conflict began in 1865 when Marshal Francisco Solano L•pez ordered an attack on neighboring Brazil that violated Argentina's territory. Brazil proceeded to ally with Argentina and Uruguay to fight back L•pez' army. FTP, name this war which resulted in the devastation of Paraguay, killing 50% of its population, including 80% of adult males and L•pez himself. Ans: _War of the Triple Alliance_ 15. LITERATURE Even after lecherous Captain Alving is in his grave, his spectre will not be laid to rest. After drying drunk and profligate, the memorial that his conventionally-minded widow has erected to his memory burns down even as his son goes insane from inherited syphilis and his illegitimate daughter advances inexorably toward her destiny in a brothel. FTP, identify this Henrik Ibsen play about congenital venereal disease. Ans: _Ghosts_ or _Gengangere_ 16. FINE ARTS On April 29, 1979, at a party opening the Canal Zone, he identified himself as the artist behind the anonymous four letter signature "S" "A" "M" "O." Despite a middle class upbringing, he had taken to living on the streets and painting his work as graffiti throughout New York. FTP, name this artist, once called Andy Warhol's "mascot," who died from a heroin overdose on August 12, 1988. Ans: Jean-Michel _Basquiat_ 17. RELIGION This small book was a rulebook for abbots on how to run a monastery. It may or may not have been derived from "Regula Magistri", but either way, it dominated cenobitic monasticism for over 1500 years. It is a strange mix of stringent self-denial, moderation, and a frank allowance for weakness and failure. FTP, name this work by St. Benedict that came to be the norm for monastic living in Europe. Ans: The _Rule of_ Our Most Holy Father _St. Benedict_ or _Regula_ 18. SCIENCE Since DNA replication always involves the addition of nucleotides to the three prime end, it was mysterious why DNA was double stranded on the branch growing along the five prime end. This mystery was solved when it was shown that short pieces of DNA grew in the three prime direction and were later joined. FTP, name these fragments, which share the name of their discoverer. Ans: _Okazaki fragments_ 19. GEOGRAPHY According to legend, an ascetic named Kashyapa reclaimed this land from a vast lake. Since then, it has been under the rule of Hindu dynasties, the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab, and then again under Hindu rule from 1846 to 1947. When Indian troops entered the region in 1947, the leaders acceded to union with India. That union has been opposed by Pakistan, who also claims the region. FTP, name this region, mainly known for the fine soft wool of its goats. ANS: _Kashmir_ 20. SOCIAL SCIENCE An obsolete word, meaning disregard of the law, especially divine law, it was revived in the French by Emile Durkheim in his book, _Suicide_. There is a characteristic of modern society where an absence of effective moral or cultural rules and restraint on individual wills leads to both social and individual breakdown. FTP, name this 'enemy' of any modern society. Ans: _anomie_ or _anomy_ 21. LITERATURE This play was a winner of the Pulitzer Prize, and was recreated for the big screen by director James Foley in 1992. This comedy is about a small time real estate salesman trying to make a living by pushing plots of land on reluctant buyers. For ten points, name this 1984 David Mamet play. Ans: _Glengarry Glen Ross_ 22. HISTORY Start with Richard, Secretary of the Interior, and Gifford, chief of the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture. Gifford charges that Richard, an appointee of President Taft, is cooperating with private interests to plunder Alaskan coal reserves. Taft publicly fires Gifford. FTP, identify this 1910 political and environmental scandal which derives its name from, respectively, Richard and Gifford's surnames. Ans: _Ballinger-Pinchot_ Affair 23. SCIENCE The first historical record of this phenomenon taking place is from 1567. Sir Gilbert Walker first suggested that patterns of rainfall in South America were associated with changes in ocean temperatures, but it wasn't until the late 1960s, when Jacob Bjerknes connected unusually warm sea surface temperatures with Walker's Southern Oscillation that a full understanding of this effect came about. FTP, name this media hyped meteorological phenomenon. Ans: _El Nino_ 24. CURRENT EVENTS The KLA has recently refused American and Russian overtures to declare this Paris educated academic as their leader. As leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo he played a major role in keeping Albanian Kosovars from revolting during the previous wars in Yugoslavia. FTP, name this Professor of Albanian literature whose pacifist views have marginalized his influence during the current conflict Ans: Ibrahim _Rugova_ 25. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE This 1976 film's tagline was "In Concert and Beyond," and the concert footage was shot at New York's Madison Square Garden. Four dream sequences, one for each band member, are interwoven with the music. FTP, name this film which shares its name with the first track of Led Zeppelin's Houses of the Holy album. ANS: _The Song Remains The Same_ Chicago A Bonuses CURRENT EVENTS 1. This bonus is about sex. FTPE, name these Republican congressmen who have been practicing what they preach against. 1. Vanity Fair revealed that this Indiana congressman who called Clinton a "scumbag" has a propensity for hookers and an illegitimate child. Ans: Dan _Burton_ 2. This Montana Congresswoman nicknamed "Black Helicopter" for her support of the militia movement said "personal conduct does count" before admitting to a six year relationship with a married man in the 70s. Ans: Helen _Chenoweth_ 3. One of the 15 House managers of the impeachment, this Georgia Congressman has been accused by his ex-wife of carrying on adulterous affairs and pressuring her to get an abortion. Ans: Bob _Barr_ 2. LITERATURE This is also a sex bonus. Identify these great works of erotic fiction for 15 points from the clue, but only 5 points from the author. 15 point clue: This is the story of the willful debasement of a young Parisian fashion photographer who wants nothing more than to be a slave to her lover Ren‚. Ren‚ later gives her to his stepbrother, Sir Stephen, an Englishman. 5 point clue: Pauline _Reag‚_ Ans: The _Story of O_ or _Histoire d'O_ 15 point clue: This collection of commissioned erotic stories was published posthumously in 1977 and was supposedly written for a (dirty) old man who wanted "less poetry, more sex." 5 point clue: Anais Nin Ans: _Delta of Venus_: Erotica 3. MYTHOLOGY Tired of sex yet? Here's another sex question. 1. In Greek myth, this god of reproductive power and fertility was associated with the phallus carried in procession at the Bacchic festivals. FTP, name him. Ans: Priapus 2. These mythological beasties were at first represented as uncouth men, each with a horse's tail and ears and an erect phallus. They later came to be represented as men having a goat's legs and tail. FTP, name them. Ans: Satyr 3. In Homer's Odyssey, two gods are caught in flagrante delicto. Name them for 5 points each. Ans: _Aphrodite_ or _Cythereia_ and _Ares_ 4. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE This is a chain bonus. For 10 points each, form the chain given the clues. For example, if I said "After becoming the NHL's all-time leading scorer, he went on to win the Battle of Fallen Timbers." you would say, "Mad Anthony Wayne Gretzky." A: This family member of the royal house of England between 1154 and 1485 provided the gorgeous voice behind songs like "Whole Lotta Love," "Thank You," and "Stairway to Heaven." ANS: _Robert Plantagenet_ B: The late drummer of The Who stole this cursed jewel, which was originally stolen from an idol's eye in a Wilkie Collins story. ANS: _Keith Moonstone_ C: The bassist who wrote the riff for his band's song, "Black Dog," who gave his name to a cult colony in Guyana where The Kool-Aid of Death killed 913 people. ANS: _John Paul Jonestown_ 5. HISTORY: Identify these Athenian generals of the Peloponnesian War, 10 points each. 1. This general and politician was arrogant and ambitious, and spoke for the Athenian expedition against Sicily. Sent at the head of a large fleet, he was later recalled for a trial, although he escaped to Sparta. Ans: Alcibiades 2. This general spoke against the Athenian expedition into Sicily, but was eventually named head of the expedition after Alcibiades left. He was eventually captured and executed by the Syracusans. Ans: Nicias 3. This general, son of Alcisthenes, was sent with reinforcements to the Sicilian expedition. He was executed along with Nicias. Ans: Demosthenes 6. FINE ARTS 30-20-10 Name the work. A) This 1976 opera is about four hours and forty minutes in length when performed; the precise length is difficult to determine, however, because the audience is only let in once Knee Play One is already in progress. B) There are three primary visual sets: trains, a trial setting, and a spaceship. The title character appears midway between the orchestra and the stage as a violinist, one of his well known hobbies. C) This Philip Glass scored opera shares its name with a 1994 song by Counting Crows. Ans: _Einstein on the Beach_ 7. POP CULTURE/SPORTS: Given their current team, position and jersey number, name these NHL players on a 5-10-15 basis: A: For 5: New York Rangers, center, number 99. ANS: Wayne _Gretzky_ B: For 10: Philadelphia Flyers, center, number 88 ANS: Eric _Lindros_ C: For 15: Detroit Red Wings, left wing, number 14 ANS: Brendan _Shanahan_ 8. LITERATURE: Poetry Identify the poem from lines for 10 points, or from the author for 5 points each. 10 point clue: He was my North, my South, my East and West. My working week and my Sunday rest, My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song; I thought that love would last forever; I was wrong. 5 point clue: W. H. Auden Ans: _Funeral Blues_ 10 point clue: Not all that tempts your wandering eyes And heedless heart, is lawful prize; Nor all that glisters, gold. 5 point clue: Thomas Gray Ans: _Ode on the death of a favorite cat_ (drowned in a tub of goldfishes) 10 point clue: "I met a Lady in the Meads," Full beautiful, a faery's child, Her hair was long, her foot was light And her eyes were wild. 5 point clue: John Keats Ans: La Belle Dame Sans Merci 9. FINE ARTS Name these architects FTPE: 1: Founder of the Royal Society, he is buried in the most famous of his London cathedrals, under the epitaph, "If you seek his monument, look about you." ANS: Sir Christopher _Wren_ 2: He was born in Finland, but attended public schools in Michigan. Together with his father, he formed an architectural firm. His first independent work was the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. ANS: _Eero Saarinen_ (Note: Full name required, prompt on partial answer) 3: His major work is the dome of the Florence Cathedral, which was built with the help of machines that he invented expressly for that purpose. ANS: Filippo _Brunelleschi_ 10. HISTORY The 1948 Presidential election saw two splinter parties attempt to steal the Democrats' thunder. Answer the following about them FTPE. 1. Name both of these parties, one ultraliberal, the other Southern in composition. Ans: _Progressive_ and _State's Rights_ (accept Dixiecrats) 2. Name the presidential candidates for both of those tickets, one a former vice president, the other the governor of South Carolina. Ans: _H_enry _Wallace_ and Strom _Thurmond_ 3. Lastly, name either man's vice presidential candidate. Ans: Glenn H. _Taylor_; Fielding L. _Wright_ 11. SOCIAL SCIENCE For 10 points each, answer these questions on branches of linguistics. 1. It is the study of the internal structure of words in terms of segments called 'morphemes' realized by forms called 'morphs'. Ans: morphology 2. Little used in linguistics today, this term was equivalent to comparative and historical linguistics, and was used by some of its pioneers. Ans: philology 3. It is the study of the communicatively significant patterns of language, as opposed to the 'raw' sounds of speech which are treated by various branches of phonetics. Ans: phonology 12. LITERATURE Answer these questions about the life and works of Yukio Mishima, 10 points each. 1. This semi-autobiographical novel describes a homosexual who must mask his sexual preferences from the society around him. Ans: _Confessions of a Mask_ or _Kamen no kokuhaku_ 2. Of this tetralogy, Mishima said, "The title... is intended to suggest the arid sea of the moon that belies its name. Or I might say that it superimposes the image of cosmic nihilism on that of the fertile sea. Ans: _Sea of Fertility_ or _Hojo no umi_ 3. How did Mishima die? Ans: _seppuku_ or _hari kiri_ or _self-disembowelment_ (prompt on suicide) 13. SCIENCE Name these laws in physics FTPE. 1. The flux of the electric field, E through any closed surface equals 4 pi times the total charge enclosed by the surface. Ans: _Gauss's_ Law 2. The divergence of the gradient of the electric potential of any area is equal to 4 pi times the charge density in the area. Ans: _Poisson's Equation_ 3. A special case of Poisson's Equation, it is when the divergence of the gradient of the electric potential in an area equals zero. Ans: _Laplace's Equation_ 14. HISTORY After the death of Alexander the Great his empire was carved into kingdoms by his generals. FTPE, name the General who took each of the following lands. 1. Egypt Ans: Ptolemy [TOL-emy] 2. Persia Ans: Seleucus [Sell-OO-kus] 3. Macedonia Ans: Antigonus 15. FINE ARTS 30-20-10. Name the painter. 30 point clue: The son of a barber, nothing is known about his mother except that she died insane in 1804. He was wealthy and respected and died alone in a filthy apartment after a mental breakdown. 20 point clue: This 19th century British landscape painter specialized in historical and mythological scenes and had a great influence on Impressionism. His moody, dense paintings led his detractors to depict him painting with a mop. 10 point clue: His most famous works include 1807's "Sun Rising Through Vapour" and 1844's "Rain, Steam, and Speed-the Great Western Railway." Ans: Jospeh Mallord William _Turner_ 16. SCIENCE FTPE, answer these questions about cytoskeletal components: 1. The largest of the structural elements in the cytoskeleton, these are involved in motility and chromosome movement and are straight, hollow cylinders. Ans:_microtubules_ 2. These elements are right-handed double helices of the protein actin and produce the cleavage furrows that divide the cytoplasm of animal cells in cell division. Ans:_microfilaments_ 3. This is the most stable structural element in the cytoskeleton, and are composed of tetrameric protofilaments. Ans:_intermediate filaments_ 17. POP CULTURE/SPORTS Name the Oasis song from lyrics on a 5-10-15 basis: A: For 5: Slowly walkin' down the hall faster than a cannonball / Where were you while we were gettin' high? ANS: _Champagne Supernova_ B: For 10: Stand up beside the fireplace, take that look from off your face / Cause you ain't never gonna burn my heart out ANS: _Don't Look Back In Anger_ C: For 15: She done it with a doctor / On a helicopter ANS: _Supersonic_ 18. GEOGRAPHY Answer these questions about Canadian geography FTPE. 1: This geographical feature constitutes the largest mass of exposed Precambrian rock on the face of the Earth. ANS: _Canadian Shield_ 2: This river issues from Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada and flows generally northward through Fort Smith and Inuvik regions to the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean. ANS: _Mackenzie_ 3: This mountain range forms the northern edge of the Canadian shield and is named for an indigenous people of Canada. ANS: _Innuitian_ Mountains 19. SCIENCE FTPE, answer these questions on components of synaptic transmission. 1. This is the most common neurotransmitter for synapses between neurons outside the nervous system and for neuromuscular junctions. Bernard Katz discovered that this substance increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium. Ans: _acetylcholine_ 2. This family of neurotransmitters includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. All compounds in this family are synthesized in the adrenal gland and are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. Ans:_Catecholamines_ 3. These short chains of amino acids are not neurotransmitters, but are also secreted by neurons. They differ because they act on groups of neurons and have longer lasting effects. An example of this group are the enkaphalins. Ans:_neuropeptides_ 20. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Name the actress, 30-20-10: 1: Her high school classmates voted her Class Clown, Most Bizarre Girl, and Most Likely to Go Bald, and she was arrested the day before her graduation when she was caught trying to glue the school's doors shut. 2: She has a degree in fine arts from DePaul University's School of Drama. 3: She got her big break when she was chosen to play a skeptical scientist and FBI agent on what was then a new Fox show, thought of as a gamble by its producer Chris Carter. ANS: Gillian _Anderson_ 21. RELIGION Identify the following things about Islam, 10 points each. 1. This is the orthodox branch of Islam, which identifies itself as the consolidated majority of the community. Name it. Ans: _Sunnah_ or _Sunni_ 2. This more passionate branch of Islam is the only important surviving sect. It originated from a political battle between Ali, the fourth caliph, and the Umayyad dynasty. Ans: _Shi'ah_ or _Shi'ite_ 3. Shi'ite Muslims identify 12 exemplary 'leaders' known by this name; the last of them was Muhammed. This is also a title of the officiating priest of a Muslim mosque. Ans: _imam_ 22. GEOGRAPHY FTPE, identify these rivers that flow through a certain midwestern state. A: Its name is Iroquois for "crooked snake," and it flows through Cleveland into Lake Erie, but it's probably most famous for having caught on fire once. ANS: _Cuyahoga_ B: Together with the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, it forms the "Three Rivers" confluence where the Pittsburgh stadium is located. ANS: _Ohio_ C: It flows south-southwest past Dayton, Middletown, and Hamilton, Ohio to enter the Ohio River west of Cincinnati after a course of 160 miles. ANS: _Miami_ or _Great Miami_ 23. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (FILM) Name these gorgeous actors from roles, for 10 points each: A: The voice of King Arthur in "Quest for Camelot," Donald Kessler in "Mars Attacks!", Harry Dalton in "Dante's Peak" ANS: Pierce _Brosnan_ B: Charles Ryder in "Brideshead Revisited," Claus von Bulow in "Reversal of Fortune," Humbert Humbert in Adrian Lyne's "Lolita" ANS: Jeremy _Irons_ C: Narrator of the IMAX hit "Everest," the title character in "Ethan Frome," and Oskar Schindler in "Schindler's List" ANS: Liam _Neeson_ 24. LITERATURE More fun with The Canterbury Tales: provided with a description of the tale, name the character who told it. 1. Alison begins an affair with the scholar Nicholas, while mocking another potential suitor, Absalom. Nicholas and Alison then plan to trick her husband John; what results includes a singed backside for Nicholas, a ruined reputation for John, and a broken kneading-tub. Ans: the _Miller_ 2. On their way to kill Death, three men encounter a large amount of money. Through their distrust of each other, they all die. Ans: the _Pardoner_ 3. A young knight must discover the thing that women most desire. After an old woman tells him the answer and thus saves his life, he must marry her. After debating the merits of marrying an old, poor woman, the knight's wife magically changes into a beautiful young woman. Ans: the _Wife of Bath_ (also: _Worthy Woman of Bath_ ) 25. SCIENCE Answer these questions, FTPE: 1. This is a compound in which metal atoms or ions are bonded to anions or neutral molecules that supply electron pairs. Ans: _Coordination Compound_ 2. The proper term for the anion or neutral molecule that supplies the lone pair in the coordinate covalent bond Ans: _ligand_ 3. There are two prevailing models for coordination complexes, one of which the central metal is treated as being ionically bonded to surrounding ligands, the other using concepts of molecular orbitals to describe bonding. Name either. Ans: _crystal-field theory_ or _ligand-field theory_