Submitted by Texas A - Tossups 1. Organisms of this phylum have amoebocytes, free living cells which move through the mesohyl (meh-so-heel) collecting and digesting food and distributing nutrients. The amoebocytes also assemble skeletal fibers, which in some species are called spicules. Choanocytes (show-an-oh-sites), or collar cells, set up a current which pushes water out of the osculum and draws it in through the porocytes (pour-oh-sites). FTP identify this phylum, the only phylum in the parazoa branch of the kingdom Animalia, whose members are, contrary to what the ancient Greeks thought, not plants but animals. Porifera or sponges 2. The major work of this German communist (1871-1919) is The Accumulation of Capital, in which the author attempts to supplement Marx through the promotion of a precise economic argument for the eventual collapse of capitalism. With fiery oratory and support for violence and revolution, she founded the Spartacus League, which was the forerunner to the German Communist Party. FTP name this revolutionary, who was murdered, along with friend and Spartacus co-founder Karl Liebknecht, while under German police custody in 1919. Rosa Luxemburg 3. The symbol for this group was probably derived from the coat of arms of the Medici family in Florence and spread to London-and hence to the US-by Lombard merchants and traders, Today, the traditional three-ball symbol is mostly gone, replaced with signs such as "GUNS" and "WE BUY GOLD." FTP name this segment of monetary society, for many the true "lender of last resort." Pawnbrokers 4 In 1877, this city became the first-and only-city in the United States to fall to a Communist coup when ethnic German labor unions staged a general strike on July 22. The city remains a strong labor city, with strong unions and an old industrial base. Most of those industries are now leaving-starting with Brown Shoe, Purina, the Monsanto breakup, and most recently the sale of McDonnell Douglas to Boeing. The beer franchise, however, seems safe, as Anheuser Busch isn't going anywhere soon. FTP name this midwestem city, home to the NFL Rams, NHL Blues, and NL Cardinals. St. Louis, Missouri 5. She was found dead in a bathtub in the late 1980s of a heart attack in Buenos Aires. She spent much of her early life on Skorpios. She was noted for her extravagance and profligate spending, and she was married 3 times. Her marriage to Thierry Roussel, a French heir to a pharmaceutical fortune, produced a daughter, Athina. FTP name this would-be heiress to a Greek shipping fortune. Christina Onassis 6. On his first expedition to Ireland in 1185, it is reported that this English nobleman laughed at the beards of the Irish chieftains when they came to pay their homage. While being invested as Duke of Normandy in 1199, he "giggled" and "gossiped" so much that he dropped the ceremonial lance. He has been posthumously implicated in the 1203 murder of his nephew and fellow claimant to the English throne, Prince Arthur. He finally assumed the English throne following the battle of Chalus (SHA-LOO) in 1199, when his brother, King Richard I, was killed. His reign was disastrous, culminating with the 1215 signing of the Magna Carta. FTP name this English king, considered by historians to be one of England's most incompetent rulers. John 7. From the Greek via New Latin for "diminution" or "to make smaller, this word applies to both a literary device that uses understatement ironically and to a specific biological process. FTP identify the term, which names the process by which sexually-reproducing animals produce haploid gametes. meiosis 8. This musical form, pioneered in France, was one of the first to make use of electronic music. Examples of this form, which is essentially a musical collage of random sounds electronically pieced together, include Orpheus and Symphony for a Lonely Man. FTP identify this music form invented in 1952 that isn't quite as hard as it sounds. Concrete music or Musique concrete 9. Stupid Attachment; Stupid Devotion; and Stupid Expectations are just a few of the chapters in the New York Times Bestseller written by a popular and controversial psychotherapist and host of a top-rated radio talk show, although a rewrite of her book should probably include a chapter on posing for Stupid Pictures. FTP name this book, in which Dr. Laura Schlessinger exhorts women to take a look at their "self-diminishing" behavior and "make the move to a quality existence." Ten Stupid Things Women Do to Mess Up Their Lives (accept Dr. Laura Schlessinger until "book") 10. He was born in 1919 and raised in the depression-era South. He was a Golden Gloves bantamweight champion in high school. He was originally a moderate, however, following a defeat by a Klan-backed segregationist in 1958, this politician changed his stance. His 1963 inaugural speech in Montgomery called for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." He refused to allow black students to enroll at the University of Alabama, and "stood in the schoolhouse door" to block their arrival. Name this governor, who dominated Alabama politics for nearly 3 decades, and who died at age 79 in September 1998. George Wallace 11. She was scandalized by the 1959 murder of her boyfriend, Mafia associate Johnny Stompanato, by her daughter, Cheryl Crane. According to Tinseltown legend, this actress was discovered at the soda fountain of Schwab's Drugstore in Hollywood. She appeared in a number of dramatic pictures, most notably in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946) and Place (1957). FTP identify this actress, promoted by the studios as "the Sweater Girl" and whose last acting role was of Richard Channing's mother on the prime-time soap Falcon Crest. Lana Turner 12 He was born on October 8, 1890, in Columbus, OH of immigrant parents. He left school at 13 and worked at an assortment of odd jobs before becoming a race car driver during the early days of the automobile. In his later years, he introduced his own automobile (which failed) and became head of Eastem Airlines. However, he gained his greatest fame for his heroics during WWI, in which he was known as America's greatest air ace. FTP name this prolific American, who died in 1973. Eddie Rickenbacker 13. They are all spherical and, like their larger, more complex cousins (represented by different letters), they have a capacity of no more than wo. However, they are unique in that the corresponding sublevel can have only one of them. FTP identify this type of atomic orbital, which is the only one present in the first energy level. s (the letter "s") 14. Southern opinion of the time disapproved of his close friendship with James Buchanan, but he was eventually elected 13th Vice President of the United States. Unfortunately. he took the Oath of Office in Havana, became ill before returning to the United States, and died at his Alabama home without ever having set foot in Washington as Vice President. FTP name Franklin Pierce's vice president. William Rufus King 15. This hypochondriac, who was bedridden for most of his life for asthma, heart disease, anxiety, and a host of imagined ailments, drew extensively from these personal experiences in writing his psychological novels. His first book was Jean Santeuil, but he is better known for his 3500 page, 7-volume work about the memories and impressions evoked by a madeleine soaked in tea. FTP him, the author of Remembrance of Things Past. Georges Louis Valentin EugËne Marcel Proust 16. During the summer of 1819, this future statesman became engaged to Anne Coleman, 23 years old, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Following a quarrel, Miss Coleman broke off the relationship and died, possibly a suicide, at the Philadelphia home of a relative in December 1819. Following the death of his beloved, he wrote, "I have lost the only earthly object of my affections," In an attempt to alleviate his grief, he ran for a seat in the U.S. Congress in 1820 as a Federalist. He later switched to the Democratic party and served as Secretary of State under James K. Polk, and as Minister to Great Britain under Franklin Pierce. Name this politician, who never married and holds the distinction of being the U.S.'s only bachelor Chief Executive. James Buchanan 17. Based on Alonzo Church's lambda calculus, it was developed in the late 1950s and the early 1960s by John McCarthy. This makes it the second oldest computer programming language in relatively-widespread use today, the oldest being Fortran. FTP name this language, a favorite of artificial intelligence researchers. Lisp or List Processing 18. Born in modem-day Iran in 1919, this author moved to Rhodesia at age five and lived in Africa for many years. In 1949 she moved to London, and the next year her first novel, The Grass is Singing, was published. FTP name this author of African Stories; Children of Violence; and The Golden Notebooks. Doris Lessing 19. Diatomic oxygen and ozone; graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerenes; red, white, and yellow phosphorus; and about 10 different varieties of sulfur. FTP, name the term for a substance, especially an element, in two or more different forms (as of crystals) usually in the same phase. allotrope or allotropy 20. This literary icon was born in 1892 in London, and suffered numerous personal tragedies. Her mother, Julia, died when she was only 13. Her father, Leslie Stephen, a well-respected man of letters, died when she was 22. She and her sister, Vanessa, suffered sexual abuse at the hands of their stepbrother, George Duckworth. Name this author, known for her association with the Bloomsbury Group and such inventive and impressionistic works as Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Virginia Woolf 21. He was a classmate and friend of Nathaniel Hawthorne at Bowdoin College but chose a rather different path in life. A Democratic dark horse candidate, he became the only president from the state of New Hampshire. Identify this fourteenth president whose name completes the slogan, "We Polked'em in+'44; we'll them in '52," Franklin Pierce 22. His best friend Jeremy Strohmeyer was convicted of the molestation and murder of 7-year-old Sherrice Iverson. Although he could easily have stopped Strohmeyer from committing the crime, he chose not to and has since made inflammatory comments about the situation, making him a pariah at UC-Berkeley, where he attended school. Name this "Bad Samaritan" whose depraved conduct has drawn national attention, David Cash 23. He is earliest architect whose name we know, perhaps in part because he was later deified. Identified by Greeks with Asclepius, this man was a 27th century BC Egyptian physician and counselor to the king. FTP, name this ancient Egyptian architect who designed the Step Pyramid of King Zoser at Saqqara. Imhotep 24. He was one of the greatest generals of his age, until he was accidentally killed in the fog during the Battle of L¸tzen in 1632. Using innovative army tactics, which Oliver Cromwell later copied, and with support from the French Cardinal Richelieu, he led his country into battle against Emperor Ferdinand II during the third phase of the Thirty Years' War in the early 1630s. FTP, name this Protestant king of Sweden, son of Charles IX and succeeded by daughter Christina, "the Lion of the North." Gustavus Adolphus or Gustav II Adolph 25. His philosophy specifies that justice can be achieved by distributing the most advantages to the least advantaged within a society. The distribution of advantages is to be determined through a hypothetical construct, called the veil of ignorance, in which people are unaware of their own standing within the society and thus try to distribute rights and privileges without bias. Identify this American philosopher who is associated with the ideas of distributive justice and the original position and published A Theory of Justice in 1971. John Rawls 26. This pagan king of France married a Christian, Clothilde, who begged him to convert to her religion, which he did after receiving a sign from God after a battle, thus becoming the first Christian king of France. FTP identify this first Merovingian emperor whose name is an ancient version of "Louis." Clovis 27. And we thought the names the English gave their subway stops were strange. They're nothing compared to stuff like Second Slip, Extra cover, Silly Point, Deep Square-Leg, and Short Third man. No wonder American ingenuity was called upon to restore order on the wretched thing. More people may play it than baseball, but they're all living in wretched countries while baseball players live in, mostly, richer industrial countries. Name this sport, whose only gift to world culture is the phrase "Sticky Wicket." Cricket Bonuses 1. Identify the following trigonometric functions for the stated number of points. Your choices are the six main trigonometric functions, namely: sine of x, cosine of x, tangent of x, secant of x, cosecant of x, and cotangent of x. a. (5) The derivative with respect to x of this function is negative cosecant of x times cotangent of x. cosecant of x b. (5) The integral of this function, dx (dee-ex) is minus the natural log of the absolute value of the cosine of x, or, equivalently, the natural log of the absolute value of the secant of x. tangent of x c. (10) Two answers required. These two functions are the only two functions of the six that are symmetrical about the y-axis. cosine of x and secant of x d. (10) Two answers required. These two functions are the only two functions of the six that can never equal zero for any real value of x. secant of x and cosecant of x 2. Name the influential sports figure (30-20-10) (30) He was the first African-American coach of a professional sports team. (20) In 1968 and 1969, he won the NBA championship as a player-coach. (10) As a full-time player, this 6 foot 9 inch center led the Boston Celtics to 8 straight NBA championships from 1959 to 1966. Bill Russell 3. Identify the following linguistics terms FTPE. a. The smallest meaningful linguistic unit. Every word contains one or more of these, and breaks between them are indicated by a plus sign. morpheme b. A morpheme that can stand on its own and is a word in itself. free morpheme c. A morpheme that cannot stand on its own but must be combined with one or more other morphemes to form a word. bound morpheme 4. Name, for 15 points each, the brother and sister. First and last names required. a, The sister, the title character in a French film starring Isabel Adjani, was a talented sculptress in her own right who became Auguste Rodin's muse and eventually his mistress. Camille Claudel b. The brother was a poet and dramatist known for his religious fervor, who also served as a diplomat for his nation. He wrote TÍte d'Or and La CitÈ as well as the poetic drama Break of Noon. Paul Claudel 5. Name the nation, 30-15-5. (30) The nation has more chess grandmasters per capita than any other country in the world. (15) This nation's capital hosted the 1972 world chess championship, the famed showdown between American Bobby Fischer and Russian Boris Spassky, in which the U.S. captured the crown for the first and only time. (5) That city is Reykjavik. Iceland 6. For the stated number of points, name the female character from the Bible. a. (5) This Philistine betrayed Samson. Delilah b. (10) She was the wife of Uriah the Hittite, then wife of David and mother of Solomon. Bathsheba c. (15) She was a daughter of Jethro and she was married to Moses. Zipporah 7. For five points each, identify the 6 leptons of the current Standard Model. (None of these are anti-particles.) electron, muon, tau (accept: tauon), electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino (accept: tauon neutrino) 8. Given the name of the celebrated work of poetry, name the poet FTPE. a. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock T.S. Eliot (prompt on Eliot) b. Cantos Ezra Pound c. "Miniver Cheevy" Edwin Arlington Robinson 9. Name the current (as of October 1998) monarchs of the following countries FTPE. a. The Netherlands Queen Beatrix b. Spain King Juan Carlos I c. Denmark Queen Margrethe 10. Given the name of an opera and the nationality of the composer, name the composer FTPE. a. The Bartered Bride, Czech Bedrich Smetana b. Eugene Onegin, Russian Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky c. Die Freischutz (The Free-Shooter), German Carl Maria Von Weber 11. Name the following historical figures, each associated with French king Louis XIV for 15 points each. a. His mother, the daughter of the King of Spain, who served as regent after the deaths of King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu. Anne of Austria b. Louis XIV's chief finance minister for nearly 20 years, he was a strong proponent of the economic policy of mercantilism and he labored for many years to improve taxation in France. Jean-Baptiste Colbert 12. Given the name of a celebrated film of early cinema, name the director for the stated number of points. a. (5) Birth of a Nation (1915) D.W. Griffith b. (10) Metropolis (1926) Fritz Lang c. (15) Napoleon (1927) Abel Gance 13. Given the name of a character in a novel and the identity of the author, name the work FTPE. a. Julien Sorel, Stendhal The Red and the Black b. Father Zossima, Feodor Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov c. Isabel Archer, Henry James The Portrait of a Lady 14. In over a hundred years of NHL history, only three goalies have ever scored a goal themselves. Name them for ten points each. Billy Smith Ron Hextall Chris Osgood 15. Name the Olympian god from the description FTPE. a. According to some legends, this god lusted after the virginal Athena and even tried to rape her. The other gods sought to pacify him by offering him Aphrodite's hand in marriage. Hephaistos or Hephaestus b. This god, according to the Iliad, had an inappropriate relationship with Aphrodite and was caught in the act with her by her resourceful husband. Ares (10) This goddess of youth was also cup bearer to the gods, but was supplanted by Ganymede. Hebe 16. For fifteen points each, identify these 2 women. a. This highly popular president of Ireland vacated her office last year to head the United Nations High Comission on Human Rights. Mary Robinson b. In a highly unusual political race in which all of the major candidates were women, this moderate candidate was elected president of Ireland last year. Name Ireland's current president. Mary McAleese 17. Identify the Paris airport FTPE. a. According to 1995 statistics, this airport is the second busiest in France and the fourth busiest in Europe. It specializes in mainly domestic flights. Orly b. This large international airport is located in the suburb of Roissy, Charles de Gaulle c. This small and now largely inoperative airport was the site of Lindbergh's triumphant landing. Le Bourget 18. Name the three sons of Charlemagne who, after the death of Louis the Pious, split up the Carolingian empire FTPE. Lothair Louis I or Louis the German Charles I or Charles the Bald 19. Many Republican representatives have been critical of President Clinton's behavior of late. However, some of his most vitriolic critics have recently confessed to having extramarital affairs of their own. Given the description, name the Republican congressperson that has recently confessed to marital infidelity. a. This 74-year-old chair of the House Judiciary Committee has said of his infidelity: "I should not be punished for my youthful indiscretions." Henry Hyde b. This Montana congressperson with extreme right-wing views, a favorite of the family values lobby, recently confessed to an extramarital affair. Helen Chenoweth c. This Indiana congressperson, who has overseen Starr's inquiry and has played a key role in the call for impeachment, was among the first in the parade of Republicans to confess to an illicit affair. Dan Burton 20. Name the four Eugene O'Neill plays to have won the Pulitzer Prize in Drama; 5 points for one, 10 points for two, 20 points for three, or 30 points for all four. Beyond the Horizon, Anna Christie, Strange Interlude, A Long Day's Journey Into Night 21. Given a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, name the president who appointed him to the Chief Justice position FTPE. a. Roger Taney Andrew Jackson b. William Howard Taft Warren Harding c. Frederick Vinson Harry Truman 22. Identify each of the following concerning the island of Cythera for fifteen points each. a. Greek goddess whose epithet is the Cytherean, although some legends place her birth in Cythera and some in Cyprus. Aphrodite b. French rococo artist who painted a series of paintings dealing with Cythera. Antoine Watteau