Questions by OU IV-The Quest for Peace Tossups 1. Also known by the Polynesian term "lahar," this devastating phenomenon is a result of volcanic activity in snow-covered mountains. A mixture of melted ice and volcanic products the consistency of wet concrete rushes through valleys at up to 120 feet per second, destroying houses and farms and burying everything in its path. FTP give the name of this natural disaster, or a drink made with Kahlua. mudslide (accept mudflow before "drink") 2. His worldly disposition and love of artistic pursuits angered his military father, who tried to get him to resign the succession in favor of his younger brother. His first acts on coming to the throne in 1740 were the abolition of torture and the founding of the Academy of the Sciences--acts which may have been inspired by his correspondence with Voltaire. However, he continued his father's policies of centralizing the government and strengthening the military--a military which he often used in unprovoked attacks, such as his seizure of Silesia. FTP name this king of Prussia. Frederick II or Frederick the Great 3. This national capital was originally settled by British from Barbados in 1630. It's on the nation's namesake river 13 miles from its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean. Inhabitants are a mixture of Chinese, Javanese, Indians, Blacks, and Dutch. It has a population of just over 200,000. FTP name this national capital of Suriname. Paramaribo 4. Born in 1932, this Italian thinker has fiddled with the visible in Travels in Hyperreality and written on the philosophy of language, as well as producing the more traditional novel The Island of the Day Before. FTP name this author best known for creating William of Baskerville in his semiotic detection story The Name of the Rose. Umberto Eco 5. Born into the Portuguese-Jewish community living in Holland, this man engaged in profound study of medieval Jewish thought as well as modem philosophy and the new science. Expelled for his heretical theological opinions from the synagogue at Amsterdam, he supported himself by grinding optical lenses. Private circulation of his philosophical treatises soon earned him a significant reputation throughout Europe, but he so treasured his intellectual independence that in 1673 he declined the opportunity to teach at Heidelberg. FTP name this author of Ethics. Baruch Spinoza 6. The northernmost atoll in the Ralik chain of the Marshall Islands, it was once again evacuated in 1978 because of continued high levels of radiation. What is the name of this island, the site of U.S. atomic testing in 1946 and 1954? Bikini islands or Bikini atoll 7. Sir David was a Scottish observational astronomer at the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope, Irving was an architect in southern California and is famous for Burnham House and the now destroyed Dodge House in Hollywood. Brendan was a former editor of The New Yorker magazine and Vince is an Oklahoma native and acclaimed country music artist. FTP give their shared last name. Gill 8. He was a well known organist and music teacher in the city of Bath, but his fervent desire for learning eventually led him to the study of physics--and particularly optics. He and his sister Caroline took to grinding lenses for telescopes--eventually creating what are considered to be the greatest telescopes of their time. It was with these that he made his astronomical observations--including, in 1781, a supposed star which showed a clearly observable disk. FTP name this discoverer of Uranus. William Herschel 9. In 1970, this man came close to being elected sheriff of Aspen, CO on the "freak power" ticket. One of his campaign promises was that all sheriff's office employees would have mescaline available to them during the workday. Long a correspondent for Rolling Stone, he got his first big break with the publication of The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved, but only gained fame when he published what he called, "a failed experiment in Gonzo journalism". FTP identify the author of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Hunter S. Thompson 10. His father wanted him to be a lawyer, but by age eleven, he was giving organ lessons, and one of his operas had been produced by age twenty. A favorite of Queen Anne, he was England's most famous composer for a brief time. FTP name this composer of Esther, Samson, and Water Music. George Frederic Handel 11. She is often represented on a lion with a weapon in her hand. In Arabia and Abyssinia, he was a god of war, while Hammurabi called her "lady of battles". She had an eye for mortals, including Tamuz and Gilgamesh. FTP who is this god/goddess of the Sumero-Akkadian pantheon. Ishtar 12. It was first discussed during a late night at the Espresso Royal cafe in Champaign-Urban, Illinois in 1992. The original version required only 9000 lines of code and was written by Marc Anderson and Eric Bina, both programmers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. FTP name the program they created, the first graphical user interface for the Internet. Mosaic 13. He was born in Scotland in 1847 to a deaf mother. He was trained by his father in public speaking and in teaching the deaf to speak. After his two brothers were killed by TB, his family moved to Ontario in 1870. He later became professor of vocal physiology at Boston University and experimented with the telegraph until developing a technique that made it possible to send several messages over the same line at once. FTP name this inventor of the tetrahedral kite, a method of transmitting speech via light waves, and the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell 14. Before being destroyed this summer, William van Allen's masterpiece, with its engravings of flying tires, was considered the high point of Art Deco. Indeed, it was the high point of 1930. FTP name this one-time tallest building in the world, decapitated by both meteor and giant rampaging lizard this summer. Chrysler Building 15. Born in 1872, he attended school in Dayton with the Wright Brothers. He began publishing his poems locally when he was a teenager, but despite his potential, he became an elevator operator after graduation. He was talented enough to gain vocal recognition from William Dean Howells, who exposed his work to publishers. The son of former slaves, he was largely dismissed as a plantation dialect jargon writer, even though he wrote complex lyric poetry in standard English. FTP name the author of We Wear the Mask and Sympathy, which contains the line, "I know why the caged bird sings." Paul Lawrence Dunbar 16. It's located just west of the Yablonovy mountains. and covers 12160 square miles. It's fed by more than 300 rivers and streams, but has only the Angara river as its outlet to the Arctic Ocean. It contains 5500 cubic miles of fresh water and thus represents one fifth of the world's freshwater supply. FTP name this lake which is theorized to be the beginning of an ocean as it sits atop geothermal vents in southeast Siberia. Lake Baikal 17. He helped found the American Society for Psychical Research and removed psychological research from the realm of philosophy. Then, he used his psychological methods to investigate religion, and ended up looping back to philosophy. FTP name this man who ended up being best known for the concept of pragmatism. William James 18. This substance is composed of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, bonded together with peptide bonds. FTP what is the name of this substance, a major component of cell walls in Gram-positive bacteria but only a minor part of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria. Peptidoglycan 19. The last part of this statesman's career was spent in a vain attempt to win home rule for Ireland. His argument that every fit man should be allowed the vote cost him the representation of Oxford University, but won him great support among the masses. However, he had no plan for government aid to the masses, since this would have been against his general policy of laissez-faire. FTP name this Liberal party leader, four-time Prime Minister and bitter opponent of Disraeli. William Gladstone 20. You wouldn't know it from her memoir, Blackberry Winter, but her work was controversial, with Derek Freeman and others criticizing her low reliance on statistics and testable hypotheses. Still, she made her science a household word. FTP name this anthropologist, author of Coming of Age in Samoa. Margaret Mead 21. Ratings from this organization include the following: Kids to Adults, Teen, Mature, Adults Only, and Rating Pending. Each product is rated by three independent, trained raters who have no ties with the interactive entertainment industry. FTP name this independent board which has, with the support of the industry, developed the first widespread standardized rating system for interactive entertainment software products. Electronic Software Rating Board 22. By the late 1860's over 100,000 of his products were in use in American homes. To reach a larger customer base he introduced the first manufacturer's installment credit terms. He opened his first factory in 1851 but was charged with patent infringement by Elias Howe. FTP name this eponymous American manufacturer of sewing machines. Isaac Merit Singer 23. He was the first pitcher in Major League history to win twenty or more games before he was 21. He managed to pitch a no-hitter on Opening Day in 1940. FTP name this former Cleveland Indian who played from 1936 to 1956, and was inducted into the baseball hall of fame in 1962. Bob Feller 24. This scientist's interest in botany may have come from tending fruit trees as the son of an Austrian peasant. His interest in mathematics probably came from his studies at the University of Vienna in the 1850s It was when he combined his two interests that he came up with his most important work--although his fellow biologists did not appreciate it. As a result, his work was lost for several decades. FTP name this scientist whose studies of heredity helped explain the mechanism behind natural selection. Gregor Mendel 25. Born in 1809, this Russian was primarily known for writing short stories. Sparkling humor is not a phrase generally associated with Russian literature, but one source claims it does occur in Taras Bulba, a short story which was fleshed out into a full-length novel. FTP name this author of The Nose, The Overcoat, and the novel Dead Souls. Nikolai Gogol Bonuses: 1. The kings themselves weren't very interesting, so identify the ministers of some kings named Louis from clues, 5-10-15. a. (5) If it helps to think of him as Tim Curry, you may do so. Name this chief minister of Louis XIII, infamous for being proud, ruthless, and in The Three Musketeers. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis Richelieu b. (10) He failed to make France economically self-sufficient, but it was more due to Louis XIV's personal extravagance than to his own blundering. Name Louis's financial minister, a great believer in mercantilism. Jean-Baptiste Colbert c. (15) He was already seventy when he became the chief minister, but he was honest and cautious. When he died, the office remained vacant. Name this chief minister and former tutor of Louis XV. Andre Hercule de Fleury 2. Pencil and paper may be needed. Write down the numbers four and sixteen and prepare for some meaning in your life and the stated number of points. a. (5) What is their arithmetic mean? 10 b. (10) What is their geometric mean? 8 c. (15) What is their harmonic mean? 6.4 or 32/5 or 6 and 2/5 3. We've come a long way from Lord Peter Wimsey. FTP each, identify these authors who have created ethnically diverse detectives a. Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot never worked together, but his Joe Leaphom and Jim Chee of the Navajo Tribal Police have now collaborated in several novels including Skinwalkers, The Blessing Way, and most recently Fallen Man. Tony Hillerman b. His half-Inuit title character in Smilla's Sense of Snow uses her title sense to track a missing boy. This Dane's other works include Borderliners and The Woman and the Ape. Peter Hoeg c. His Easy Rawlins, played by Denzel Washington in Devil in a Blue Dress, faces not only bad guys, but also casual prejudice in 1940's L.A. in Gone Fishin' and Black Betty. Walter Mosley 4. Been feeling a bit down lately? Identify the following geographical depressions FTP apiece. a. Found in the Northeast Sahara, it formed the southern end of the British line at El-Alamein. Qattarah b. Home of 134-degree temperatures, it lies east of the Panamint Mountains and is drained by the Amargosa river. Death Valley c. This depression lies at the southern end of the Tien Shan mountains in the province of Northwest China. Turfan or Turpan 5. Identify the athlete 30-20-10. a. (30) He played a role as a jailer in the film The Chamber, after a hip replacement ended his sports career. b. (20) He led off the 1989 All-Star Game with a home run, and was selected the game's MVP. One of his Nike commercials featured him realizing he was wasting time filming that could be used for training, so he walked out. He was quickly replaced by George Foreman. c. (10) As a player for both the KC Royals and the L.A. Raiders, he knew lots of things, but Ini Kamooze claims to knows what the athlete don't know. Bo Jackson 6. The average person uses a variety of psychological defense mechanisms just to be able to continue to exist without screaming or curling up in a ball. However, it is possible for their use to get out of hand. FTP each, give the name of the defense mechanism from a description and an example. a. "Mad at Daddy? I'm mad at Rags. Bad dog!" The negative emotion is transferred from a target that can retaliate to one that cannot. Displacement b. "No, I'm not mad at Daddy. Mommy is mad at daddy." The negative emotion is attributed to someone else, making guilt and anxiety unnecessary. Projection c. "Yes, I guess I'm mad at Daddy. It would be fun to shoot him and watch him die. May I have some more milk and cookies, please?" The patient recognizes the negative emotion, but is disconnected from it, enabling him to talk about it without feeling a thing. Isolation or Intellectualization 7. Whether or not you believe it is really about Huey P. Long, you really should read All the King's Men. If you have, you should be able to identify the following FTP each. a) The introspective narrator who serves as Governor Stark's right hand man. Jack Burden b) Jack's childhood friend, a doctor who shot the Governor for having an affair with his sister Adam Stanton c) Stark's secretary and off-and-on lover who believed he would find her beautiful without her smallpox scars. After his death, she commits herself to a mental hospital. Sadie Burke 8. Identify the chemical element from clues, 30-20-10. (30) It was first discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois, but not formally discovered until 1813 by Desormes and Clement. (20) About half of all commerce in this element is produced from Chilean nitrate deposits. Its oxidation states range from -1 to +7. (10) Too much of this purple halogen is toxic, but too little can lead to a type of goiter. Iodine 9.Name the following historic figures whose names begin with the letter "M", FTP each. a. Pupil and successor of Confucius, he expanded Confucian ideas about the Mandate of Heaven. Mencius b. Commander of Athenian forces at the battle of Marathon, he opposed Themistocles' ideas. Miltiades c. Fourteenth century emperor of Mali who made Timbuktu a center for commerceand promoted Islam. Mansa Musa 10. Identify the artist, 30-20-10. (30) He worked with the most famous artist in his style until enlisted in WWI. During the war, he was severely wounded and resumed his career alone. (20) Works include Violin and Palette and Castle at La Roche Guyon. (10) This cubist is more famous for Fruit Dish and Cards and The Portuguese. Georges Braque 11. What if George Bernard Shaw wrote comic books to support himself while times were tough? FTP each, identify each of the linked titles from the following plot outlines. For example, fellow Irishman Oscar Wilde had a successful series about Lady Windermere's Fantastic Four. a. The thrilling tale of the sole survivor of Krypton deciding to desert from the Bulgarian army and taking refuge in a lady's boudoir. Arms and the Man of Steel (accept Arms and the Superman, but sneer at them) b. During the Revolutionary War, blind lawyer Matt Murdock allows himself to be arrested by the British in place of Parson Anderson The Daredevil's Disciple c. In this crossover classic, two of DC's greatest heroes travel with Don Juan to Hell. Bat-Man and Superman 12. Name the science term beginning with the letter C for ten points each. a. This Algae phylum consists mainly of diatoms, such as Navicula. Chrysophyta b. An offshoot of Markovnikov's Rule states that a tertiary one of these is more stable than a secondary, which is more stable than a primary. The positive charge on the central atom in these structures causes them to be electrophiles. carbocations c. This type of bond forms when two electrons are shared between species. covalent 13. It's time for "Practical Italian for the Operagoer!" FTP each, identify the Italian term from a definition. a. the speech-like vocal sections used to advance the action in an opera, as opposed to the more lyrical arias. recitative b. The most famous examples of this style are Norma and Lucia de Lammermoor. In this style, pure vocal technique was emphasized at the expense of drama and orchestration. bel canto c. This word is not really Italian, but it sounds like it. It refers to elaborate ornamentation of the melodic line consisting of runs and trills. It demands great speed and agility, and so is very taxing to the singer. Joan Sutherland is the best known contemporary example. coloratura 14. Some say this man is the greatest man to live since Jesus. His three daughters never married, because they said they could never find a man as good as their father. FTP name this Civil War General, whose last words were "strike the tent". Robert E. Lee (prompt on Lee) b. For ten more points, name his horse immortalized in Stone Mountain, and the narrator of a book by Richard Adams. Traveler c. For a final ten, name the Lexington, Virginia college of which he was president after the war. Washington College (accept Washington and Lee) 15. You know the four pillars of wisdom, we don't know the eightfold path, so we'll settle for the five pillars of Islam. Name them all, FFP each and a bonus five for all correct. Affirmation of Faith, Prayer five times a day facing Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, making a haji to Mecca, and giving alms to the poor. (Accept equivalents) 16. Name the Shakespearean play, 30-20-10 (30) It contains the characters Bushy, Green, and Bagot. (20) Lines include "Dear earth, I do salute the with my hand," and Let's talk of graves, of worms and epithets." (10) The title character's uncle is John of Gaunt. Richard II 17. Latin has six cases of nouns. For five points apiece name them. Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, Dative, Ablative, Vocative 18. Name the directors of the following films, FTP each. a. The Magic Flute; the Silence; Cries and Whispers Ingmar Bergman b. Home for the Holidays; Little Man Tate Jodie Foster C. Red Beard; Rhapsody in August; Rashomon Kurosawa Akira 19. Can't we all just get along? Name the treaty from clues, FTP each. a. It ended the Great Northern War in 1721. Russia received Estonia, Latvia, and Karelia. Treaty of Nystadt b. Treaty in which Spain returned control of Louisiana to France in 1800. Treaty of San Idelfonso c. The 1895 treaty which ended the Sino-Japanese War. Japan received Formosa and the Lao Tung peninsula Treaty of Shimonoseki 20. For the stated number of points, identify the traditional gift to be given for each of the following wedding anniversaries. a. (5) 25th Silver b. (10) 10th Tin or Aluminum c. (15) 1st Paper products 21. Islands, islands, everywhere. Don't try to tell us that the continents are really enormous islands because they're surrounded by water, just name the five largest islands in the world, for five points each and a bonus five for naming them in descending order. Greenland New Guinea Borneo Madagascar Baffin 22. From a description, identify the character from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales FTP each. a. Though not of noble birth, he did have a certain amount of wealth and spent his money freely on good food and wine. He was generally well-liked by the other pilgrims. The Franklin b. Her greatest oath was only "by Saint Loy" the Prioress c. She had been married five times and was somewhat deaf. She was also an outspoken champion of her gender. the Wife of Bath 23. Identify the nation from clues, 30-20-10. (30) This island group lies about five hundred miles north of New Guinea and about four hundred miles east of the Philippine island of Mindanao. (20) This newest member of the U.N. was a U.S. trusteeship until October of 1994. (10) Its capital, Koror, is located on the largest island, Babelthuap. Palau 24. Name the astronomical terms from definitions, FTP each. a. The measure of a star's brightness relative to the sun. Luminosity b. Used by Hubble to indicate the speed of the recession of galaxies, this is the change in wavelengths seen in an object traveling away from the observer. Red shift c. As seen in 1054, 1572, and 1604, this event looks as if a star becomes tremendously bright for a few weeks and then fades from view. Supernova