1997 MLK Invitational Quesitons by Virginia =0D 1. In the case of Jonathan Lemmon, he won a decision that slaves shipped through New York became free. Quartermaster general of New York during the Civil War, Grant made him collecter of the port, but Hayes removed him from office for participating in elections in violation a federal order. FTP, name this man, whose administration saw the prosecution of the "Star Route" mail frauds and passage of the Pendleton Act, filling out the term of James Garfield. Answer: Chester Alan Arthur =0D 2. Deserts in this state include the Gibson and the Great Victoria, while the Hamersley Range dominates the northwest. Bordered by the Arafura Sea, the Timor Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Great Australian Bight, Nullarbor Plain and the Great Sandy Des ert also are located here. FTP, identify this Australian state, which borders the Northern Territory and South Australia and whose capital is Perth. Answer: Western Australia =0D 3. They can be produced by the pyrolysis of acids or their salts, as well as by the dehydrogenazation or oxidation of secondary alcohols. Aromatic ones can be made by reacting acid chlorides and benzene, while the oxidation of cumene and hydrolysis yields the simplest one. FTP, identify this class of organic compounds, which contain a carbonyl group linked to two carbon atoms, whose name derives from the simplest, acetone. Answer: ketone =0D 4. After Egeus asks the Duke to make his daughter choose between death, a nunnery, or marrying Demetrius, she elopes with Lysander. In the woods, a fairy lord is fighting with his wife over a changeling boy, and he drops the juice of a magic flower into her eyes, making her love the first person she sees. FTP, identify this Shakesperean comedy, which ends with the wedding of Hippolyta and Theseus after Oberon's magic falls apart, while Bottom and his acting troupe get to put on their play. Answer: A Midsummer Night's Dream =0D 5. Once a disciple of Socrates, he wrote "Memorabilia of Socrates" in defense of his master. His "Cyropaedia" presents a romantic account of the youth of Cyrus the Great. His most famous work relates how Prince Cyrus sent 10,000 mercenaries to overthrow the reign of his brother Artaxerxes. FTP, name this author of "Anabasis." Answer: Xenophon =0D 6. They were influenced by Michel, Ruisdael, and Corot. In their insistence on painting on the spot, they affected the Impressionists; however, their goal was to render peasant life as it actually was. FTP, name this group of French painters, led by Diaz, Theodore Rousseau and Miller and centered at a village in the forest of Fontainebleau. Answer: Barbizon school =0D 7. The Sadducees thought it to be the Sabbath that comes during the festival of unleavened bread, while others thought it was the day on which Moses received the Law. Also called the Day of First fruits, it was originally the second of three festivals on which every male Jew had to worship at the Temple. FTP, identify this holiday on which the Holy Spirit gave believers the power of xenoglossy, the Feast of Weeks that falls on the fiftieth day after Easter. Answer: Pentecost =0D 8. In 1890, he was restored to the rank of major general but died before he could receive a pension. A presidential candidate of the Radical Republicans in 1864, he left the race rather than run against Lincoln. Found guilty of mutiny in California in 1848 and relieved of his command in Virginia in 1862, he was the Republican Party's first presidential candidate. FTP, name this man. Answer: John Fremont =0D 9. As a young man, he studied art in Paris and wrote medieval romances. After studying at the University of California, he covered the Boer War before publishing his first novel, Moran of the Lady Letty, in 1898. FTP, name this American novelist, a naturalist best known for The Pit, The Octopus, and McTeague. Answer: Frank Norris =0D 10. Along with his wife, he found that gas viscosity is not dependent on pressure, and that it rises with temperature, which disagreed with his theory. His first accomplishment was the method of drawing an ellipse with pins and string, which was followed by his discovery that Saturn's rings must consist of small particles and his production of the first color photograph. FTP, identify this prolific British scientist, best known for his kinetic theory of gases and his four fundamental equations of electromagnetism. Answer: James Clerk Maxwell =0C11. The form was created by Sebastian Cerezo in 1780; although Chopin wrote one for the piano, the form is primarily orchestral. A Spanish dance in triple rhythm, it is often accompanied by castanets. FTP, identify this musical style, whose best known example was written for the dancer Ida Rubenstein in 1928 by Maurice Ravel. Answer: bolero =0D 12. The term was originally an epithet deriving from the Dutch for "mumbler." Arguing against war, confession, and prayer for the dead, they also were against celibacy, rituals, and transubstantiation. FTP, identify this religious movement, officially persecuted by Richard II and Henry V, who were English followers of John Wycliffe. Answer: Lollards =0D 13. It only has about fifteen miles of coastline, including the cities of Piran and Koper. Bordering Hungary to the north-east and Croatia to the south, major cities include Kranj, Celje, and Maribor. FTP, identify this nation, which also borders Austria and Italy, and whose capital is Ljubljana. Answer: Slovenia =0D 14. It was organized in 1915 and continued until 1929. Begun by George Cran Cook, it produced plays by him, his wife Susan Glaspell, and Edna St. Vincent Millay among others. In 1916 it produced "Bound East for Cardiff" by Eugene O'Neill, this theatric al group's most famous discovery. FTP, name it. Answer: Provincetown Players =0D 15. After his death in the Bay of Phalerum, he was buried next to Euripides. For many years, it was believed that all of his comedies were lost, but two have been found this century. Author of vivid character sketches, he produced works such as "The Flatterer," "The Grumbler," and "The Miser." FTP, name this New Comedy playwright. Answer: Menander =0D 16. He entered the Hanoverian guard at the age of 14 as an oboist, coming to England five years later. The first man to recognize that the Milky Way was a galaxy, he discovered infrared radiation while investigating the effects of sunlight on a thermometer. FTP, identify this astronomer, who published a catalogue of nebulae in 1823, discoverer of Mimus, Enceladus, Titania, Oberon, and Uranus. Answer: William Herschel =0D 18. One story says that he fell in love with Piplea and that Heracles killed King Lytiersis, who had kidnapped her, and gave him the kingdom of Phrygia. He is also said to have loved a nymph who made him promise to be faithful; when a princess got him drunk, he broke his promise, went blind and fell off a cliff. FTP, name this shepherd, a master syrinx player who invented bucolic poetry. Answer: Daphnis =0D 19. It occurs as hexagonal crystals that form in the trigonal system. A mineral form of aluminum oxide, it is transparent and colorless when pure, but becomes colorful when combined with other elements. FTP, identify this second hardest mineral, whose varieties include sapphire and ruby. Answer: corundum =0D 20. A lawyer and popular orator, he led the extreme left in the National Assembly as a leader of the Cordeliers. Head of the provisional republican government, he set up the Revolutionary Tribunal as minister of justice and was a central figure on the first Committee of Public Safety. FTP, identify this French revolutionary, an opponent of Robespierre whose attempts to moderate the revolution led to his arrest and execution in 1794. Answer: Georges Danton =0D 21. Speaking in favor of the Ku Klux Klan Act, he waved a bloody shirt on the House floor. A one-time Northern Democrat and Radical Republican, he was the Greenback Labor Party's presidential candidate in 1884. Best known for his supposed insult to the women of the South, he served as military governor of New Orleans during the Civil War=2E FTP, name him. Answer: Benjamin Butler =0D 23. The first work definitely by him is a 1433 Madonna commissioned by the Linen Guild of Florence, with a stone frame by Ghiberti. When the Dominicans took over the convent of San Marco, he decorated the friar's cells with a series of 50 frescoes. FTP , name this didactic painter, the prior of Fiesloe who decorated a Vatican chapel for Pope Eugenius IV and whose Last Judgment in Orvieto Cathedral was finished by Signorelli. Answer: Fra Angelico 25. With the help of Sir Joseph Banks, he was appointed medical officer on a Sumatran expedition of 1792. Sent to Niger in 1795 after Daniel Houghton, the tale of his travels to Pisania was recounted in his Travels in the Interior of Africa, which made him famous. FTP, identify this Scottish explorer, who left Sansanding in 1805, but met misfortune when his canoe ran aground and his crew was killed by natives, before he was eaten by crocodiles. Answer: Mungo Park =0D 28. Their chemical composition can be expressed as combinations of anorthite, albite, celsian, and orthoclase. Divided into the plagioclase and alkali groups, they are either aluminum or silicon oxidetertrahedra linked in networks with potassium, sodium, calcium, or barium. FTP, identify this mineral with a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust. Answer: feldspar =0D 29. Near the end of his life, he worked on the superfluidity of helium at Duke University. He and his brother Heinz left Germany in 1933, working on superconductivity at Oxford. FTP, name this physicist, whose calculation of the non-polar forces between molecules led to his name being given to the forces also known as van der Waals forces. Answer: Fritz London =0D 9. He called himself a prince and minted coins inscribed "Year 1 of the Liberty of Jerusalem." Hailed as the messiah by Jewish religious leaders, he was given the title "Son on the Star." Although he initially achieved some success in his rebellion against Rome, he was killed in 135. FTP, name this man who led the Jewish revolt of 132 to 135. Answer: Simon bar Kokhba =0D 1. Although he may have written a lost play on Hamlet, there are only two surviving works attributed to him. It is known that he worked as a scrivener, was arrested for heresy in 1593 in connection with his friendship with Marlowe, was tortured and died shortly after leaving prison. FTP, identify this Elizabethan dramatist, author of Cornelia and, according to Thomas Heywood, the influential Spanish Tragedy. Answer: Thomas Kyd =0D 7. Born in Jacksonville in 1961, he was signed as a first round selection in the secondary phase of the January 1981 draft. After leading the Southern League in home runs in 1983, he was called to the majors, and had the most home runs and RBI by a National League rookie in 1985. FTP, name this runner up for the NL MVP in 1986, a star slugger for the Houston Astros who fizzled after being traded for Steve Finley, Curt Schilling and others in a move that damaged the Orioles for years. Answer: Glenn Davis =0C1997 MLK Invitational Quesitons by Virginia =0D 1. Identify the following concerning a noted figure in Italian literature for 15 pts. each. 1. Before moving to Ferrara in 1565, he wrote the epic poem Rinaldo. Answer: Torquato Tasso 2. This epic poem, widely considered Tasso's masterpiece, was published in 20 cantos in 1581. Answer: Jerusalem Delivered or Gerusalemme Liberata =0D 2. Identify the contemporary sculptors from works for the stated number of points. 1. 5 points: Bird in Space Answer: Constantin Brancusi [A2. 10 points: The Bride Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors Answer: Marcel Duchamp 3. 15 points: Lobster Trap and Fish Tail Answer: Alexander Calder =0D 3. Identify the following terms regarding the ability of a stream of water to transport sediment FTP each. 1. This term is used to describe the total amount of sediment a stream can carry past a given point in a certain amount of time. Answer: Capacity 2. This term is used as a measure of the largest single particle a stream can carry. Answer: Competence 3. Very fast-moving streams may transport, in addition to suspended sediment, other particles which bounce along the surface of the stream in a series of short hops. What is the term for this type of movement. Answer: Saltation =0D 4. Answer these questions about the Avignon papacy FTP each. 1. This king of France influenced the pope to move to Avignon in 1309. Answer: Philip IV(the Fair) 2. Pope from 1370 to 1378, he returned the papal seat to Rome in 1377. Answer: Gregory XI 3. This council was convened in 1414 to end the Great Schism that developed in the aftermath of the Avignon papacy. Answer: Council of Constance =0D 5. Identify the Henry James novels from characters on a 10-5 basis. 1. 10 points: Little Bilham, Maria Gostrey 5 points: Lambert Strether Answer: The Ambassadors 2. 10 points: Gilbert and Pansy Osmond 5 points: Isabel Archer Answer: The Portrait of a Lady 3. 10 points: Charlotte Stant, Fanny Assingham 5 points: Maggie Verver Answer: The Golden Bowl =0D 6. Identify the composers of the following symphonies, FTP each. 1. Number 1, the "Nordic," and Number 2, the "Romantic" Answer: Howard Hanson 2. Number 2, "the Four Temperaments," and Number 4, "the Inextinguishable" Answer: Carl Nielsen 3. Number 31, "the Paris," and Number 36, "the Linz" Answer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart =0D 7. Identify the French physicists on a 15-5 basis. 1. 15 points: He defined kinetic energy as one-half of the product of the mass and the velocity squared and introduced work as a term in mechanics. 5 points: He is better known for the inertial force he discovered in 1835. Answer: Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis 2. 15 points: He demonstrated that friction is proportional to normal pressure, and developed the idea of the thrust line. 5 points: He is better known for discovering that the force between two charges in inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Answer: Charles Coulomb =0D 8. Answer the following questions about a work of English literature for 10 pts. each. 1. Subtitled The Mellstock Quire, it tells the story of Dick Dewey's love for Fanny Day. Answer: Under the Greenwood Tree 2. Name the author of Under the Greenwood Tree. Answer: Thomas Hardy 3. Hardy took the title of Under the Greenwood Tree from this 19th century British poet's "Ruth." Answer: William Wordsworth =0D 10. Answer these questions about the War of 1812 FTP each. 1. Before the capture of his ship the "Chesapeake," this dying American captain said, "Don't give up the ship." Answer: James Lawrence 2. After the Battle of Lake Erie, he sent William Henry Harrison the message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." Answer: Oliver Hazard Perry 3. Tecumseh was defeated and killed at this October 1813 battle with the forces of William Henry Harrison. Answer: Battle of the Thames =0D 11. Name these "Canterbury Tales" FTP each. 1. This tale tells of how Virginia decides to accept death rather than be shamed by the lecherous judge Apius. Answer: Physician's Tale 2. It is a long prose sermon on the manner of achieving salvation. Answer: Parson's Tale 3. Walter forces Griselda to endure all manner of disgrace, but she remains faithful and constant. Answer: Clerk's Tale =0D 12. Answer the following questions about sunspots FTP each 1. Paradoxically, the sun is brightest during years in which sunspots are at a maximum number; this is because of compensation by especially bright patches, called what, which appear concentrated near sunspots on the sun's surface. Answer: Faculae 2. What American astronomer in 1908 discovered the association between sunspots and intense magnetic fields on the sun's surface. Answer: George Ellery Hale 3. When Hale focused a spectroscope on sunlight coming from a sunspot, he found each spectral line in the normal spectrum was flanked by additional spectral lines. What effect describes the "splitting" of a spectral line into two or more lines? Answer: Zeeman effect =0D 13. Answer the following questions about the Russo-Japanese War for 10 pts. each. 1. The war began with a Japanese surprise attack on what Russian stronghold which ultimately fell on January 2, 1905. Answer: Port Arthur 2. Having taken Port Arthur, the Japanese inflicted a decisive defeat on the Russian army in what March 10, 1905 battle. Answer: Mukden 3. What Japanese admiral became the hero of the war by guiding the Japanese fleet to victory at the Battle of Tsushima Straits? Answer: Count Heihachiro Togo =0D 14. Identify the African countries from cities on a 10-5 basis. 1. 10 points: Segou and Mopti 5 points: Bamako Answer: Mali 2. 10 points: Tamale and Kumasi 5 points: Accra Answer: Ghana 3. 10 points: Sarh and Moundou 5 points: N'Djamena Answer: Chad=0C15. Answer these questions about the Olympics for the stated number of points. 1. 5 points: The first modern Olympics were held in this year. Answer: 1896 2. 10 points: Those games were organized by what Frenchman? Answer: Baron Pierre de Courbetin 3. 15 points: The first modern gold medal winner was this American who won the hop, step, and jump. Answer: James B. Connolly =0D 16. Identify the following people and things associated with Demeter for the stated number of points. 1. (5) Myth says the seasons were invited while Demeter mourned for what daughter, spirited off to the underworld by Hades. Answer: Persephone 2. (10) Searching for Persephone, Demeter was received by King Celeus and his wife Metaneira in what city, where later "mysteries" to her were conducted. Answer: Eleusis 3. (15) Grateful for the hospitality, Demeter started to immortalize what son of Celeus and Metaneira by placing him in fire. She stopped when Metaneira, disbelieving, cried out. Answer: Demophoon =0D 17. Identify the authors of these Progressive Era works FTP each. 1. The Stoic Answer: Theodore Drieser 2. The Iron Heel Answer: Jack London 3. The Shame of the Cities Answer: Lincoln Steffens =0D 18. Identify the following Oscar-winning Best Pictures from other awards it won FTP, or from an additional clue for 5 points. 1. 10 points: Best Director, John Avildsen 5 points: 1976's Best Picture, it starred Sylvester Stallone Answer: Rocky 2. (10) Best Director, William Wyler; Best Supporting Actor, Hugh Griffith (5) 1959's Best Picture, it starred Best Actor Charlton Heston Answer: Ben-Hur 3. (10) Best Director, Fred Zinnemann, Best Supporting Actress, Donna Reed (5) 1953's Best Picture, it featured Best Supporting Actor Frank Sinatra Answer: From Here to Eternity =0D 19. Identify the phyla from examples, for the stated number of points. 1. 5 points: sponges Answer: Porifera 2. 10 points: jellyfish Answer: Cnidaria 3. 15 points: tube worms Answer: Phoronida =0D 20. Identify the following concerning twentieth-century technology FTP each. 1. Georges de Mestral invented this fastener in 1948. Answer: Velcro 2. This Hungarian-born inventor developed the 33 and a third rpm record player and the first successful color television. Answer: Peter Goldmark 3. This British scientist patented the jet engine in 1930. Answer: Frank Whittle =0D Answer the following about the geography of the state of Georgia FTP each 1. What swamp, extending into north Florida, covers roughly 700 square miles of the southern part of the state? Answer: Okefenokee 2. Brasstown Bald, at 4784 feet, is the state's highest point and is part of which chain in the Appalachian system. Answer: Blue Ridge 3. What river, mentioned in a country-western song, forms part of the state's border with Alabama? Answer: Chattahoochee =0CAugust 24, 1572 saw a massacre of many of France's Huguenots by the nation's Catholics. Answer the following questions about the incident for the stated number of points. 1. (5) What is this incident commonly called? Answer: St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 2. (10) What leading Catholic family of France was instrumental in organizing and conducting St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Answer: the Guise family 3. (15) The massacre's primary target (who had survived an assassination attempt two days earlier) was what Admiral, a prominent Huguenot whose influence on young King Charles IX was feared by Catholics. Answer: Gaspard de Coligny =0D A Roman general sees a cross in the sky, wins a battle, and adopts Christianity. Answer the following questions about this incident for the stated number of points. 1. (5) Who was the victorious Roman? Answer: Constantine 2. (10) Legend has it that Constantine saw the cross prior to what battle? Answer: Milvian Bridge 3. (15) What co-emperor did Constantine defeat at the Battle of Milvian Bridge to reunify the Empire? Answer: Maxentius =0D Judge Irving Kaufman bears the distinction of having been the first U.S. judge to order U.S. citizens put to death for espionage. Answer the following questions about that case for the stated number of points. 1. (5) Who were put to death for sending information on the construction of the Atomic bomb to the Soviet Union? Answer: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (10) At what prison were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed? Answer: Sing Sing prison (15) What brother of Ethel's, a U.S. Army sergeant, allegedly obtained the information the Rosenbergs sent to the Russians? Answer: David Greenglass =0D Identify the following people and places associated with the Fillmore Administration for the stated number of points. 1. (5) Fillmore signed into law what landmark piece of legislation, which admitted Calfornia to the Union and enacted a tougher Fugitive Slave Law. Answer: Compromise of 1850 2. (10) Fillmore employed what famously eloquent orator as his Secretary of State. Answer: Daniel Webster 3. (15) Secretary of State Webster affirmed U.S. sympathy with democratic revolutions against foreign oppression in what 1852 letter addressed to the government of Austria. Answer: Hulsemann letter =0D Name these failed assasins FTP each. 1. He fired two pistols at Andrew Jackson in 1835, but both misfired. Answer: Richard Lawrence 2. He missed FDR but killed Mayor Anton Cermak in 1933. Answer: Giuseppe Zangara 3. This member of the Manson family tried to kill Gerald Ford in 1975. Answer: Squeaky Fromme =0D Identify the following concerning French painting, 10 pts. each.. 1. Born in 1826, this symbolist painted elaborate Biblical tableaux, such as Salome, in a highly detailed style. Answer: Gustave Moreau 2. This expressionist studied under Moreau at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and was the first curator of the Moreau Museum. Answer: Georges Rouault 3. This Fauve studied under Moreau from 1892 to 1897, and is best known for works like Joy of Life. Answer: Henri Matisse =0C3. Identify the mythical figure, 30-20-10. 1. 30 points: He was married and had a daughter, but abandoned his family after his mother and father fasted to death. 2. 20 points: As a boy, he killed a serpent and earned his name, literally meaning "great hero." 3. 10 points: Contemporary with the Buddha, he is the last Jain savior. Answer: Mahavira