Date: Thu, 2 Nov 1995 15:51:41 -0800 (PST) From: "Matthew H. Baker" <baker@math.berkeley.edu> To: psb@lbl.gov Content-Description: 1995 Guy Fawkes Eve Buzzer Explosion Questions by Tom Waters Tossups: 1. A boy stands by the seashore at night listening to the song of a mockingbird mourning for his mate; at the same time he hears the death song of the sea and realizes that "my own song awakens from that hour." This poem was originally titled "A Word Out of the Sea" when it appeared in 1860, but was retitled for the 1871 edition of Leaves of Grass. FTP, name this long poem by Walt Whitman known for its regular cadence. Answer: _Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking_ 2. It pledged all members "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances may necessitate, until the constitution of the Kingdom is established ..." The date was June 20, 1789. FTP, identify this seminal event of the French Revolution which occurred in an indoor arena. Answer: _Oath of the Tennis Court_ or equivalent 3. He was born in Konigsberg, but he wasn't Immanuel Kant; his middle name was Amadeus, but he wasn't Mozart; he was a conductor in Dresden until 1814, but he wasn't Beethoven; his later stories appeared in a collection titled "The Serapion Brothers," though he wasn't one of them either. He wrote an early type of horror story, but he wasn't Edgar Allan Poe. Indeed, most people know nothing about him other than the fact that Jacques Offenbach set his stories to music. FTP, name this author of The Devil's Elixir. Answer: E.T.A. _Hoffman_ 4. By 1939 this book had sold over five million copies, which made it more popular than even _Gone With the Wind_, although it took twelve years to reach that level. It was written in two volumes; the first in 1925 was titled "The Settlement of Accounts." FTP, name this best-seller whose second volume was titled "The National Socialist Movement." Answer: _Mein Kampf_ or _My Struggle_ 5. This element was originally called "Alabamine" because of research done at Alabama Polytechnic Institute. It was prepared in 1940 by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles. Today it has a name which means "unstable," which it certainly is. FTP, name this radioactive halogen, with atomic number 85. Answer: _Astatine_ 6. He died in 1899 and his self-written epitaph was composed from the titles of some of his books: "Six feet underground reposes [blank blank],...Struggling Upward and Bound to Rise at last In a New World..." His works include the _Luck and Pluck Series_ and the _Ragged Dick Series_. FTP, name this popular American author of rags-to-riches stories. Answer: Horatio _Alger_ 7. He cheats at cards by using his third eye which can foresee the future; he plays mean tricks on his fiancee's mother; gets drunk, then sells his wife's clothes to buy more drink. His dwelling was at Kailasa, and he was usually mounted on Nandi, the sacred bull. FTP, name this ashen-white husband of Parvati and father of Ganesh, the Destroyer in the Hindu trinity. Answer: _Shiva_ or _Siva_ (NOT Vishnu or Vishnu Jejjala) 8. He wrote to Niels Bohr on November 16, 1913: "I have dealt with the K [spectral line] series from Calcium to Zinc.... The results are exceedingly simple ... K = N - 1 ... N being the atomic number." FTP, name this British scientist who predicted the unknown element hafnium, only to be killed in 1915 at Gallipoli. Answer: Henry _Moseley_ 9. He trained in Milan and moved to Rome in the 1590s, where one of his works was noticed by Cardinal del Monte. After his early years of genre paintings such as _Boy bitten by a Crayfish_ and _Fortune Teller_, he devoted himself to religious works such as the _Crucifixion of Saint Peter_ in the Cerasi Chapel and the _Life of Saint Matthew_ series. FTP, who is this baroque painter, born Michelangelo Merisi? Answer: Michelangelo Merisi da _Caravaggio_ 10. It is defined as a rodlike, semirigid body of vacuolated cells, which runs between the enteric canal and the central nervous system. Its primary purpose is to support and stiffen the body, which it does throughout the life of a lamprey or hagfish. It is the first part of the endoskeleton to appear in the embryo. FTP, name this structure which is replaced by the vertebrae in higher animals. Answer: _Notochord_ 11. 75 years before Louis Farrakhan, he organized a "Million Man March" of sorts in New York, where he called for freedom from white domination in Africa. His newspaper _Negro World_ made him the most influential black leader of the early 1920s, but his influence declined after a 1923 mail fraud conviction. FTP, name this Jamaica-born black leader, who in 1914 founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Answer: Marcus _Garvey_ 12. It has four movements: "Morning," which depicts a beautiful rising sun; "Ase's Death," melancholy and gloomy; "Anitra's Dance," gay and rhythmic; and "In the Hall of the Mountain King," in which elves, goblins, and gnomes cavort in their cavern. FTP, name this 1876 musical composition, based on a Henrik Ibsen play, and composed by Edvard Grieg. Answer: _Peer Gynt_ Suite _No. 1_ (prompt on "Peer Gynt") 13. This country is about the size of California, but has a population of under five million. About 100,000 of them are of German descent, and for 35 years after World War II the country was ruled by the son of a Bavarian brewer. The Itaipu Dam is a prodigious hydroelectric project that makes this country the world's largest exporter of electricity. FTP, name this South American nation, the only one without mountains or beaches. Answer: _Paraguay_ 14. A native of Sicily, his thought reflects both the Ionian and the Eleatic traditions. Only two fragments of his works are extant; one of them, _Purifications_, describes the fall of man and the transmigration of souls. FTP, name this Greek philosopher who, in his _On Nature_, describes how the forces of Love and Hate combine and separate the basic elements of earth, air, fire, and water. Answer: _Empedocles_ 15. You probably won't find any Swiss mercenaries fighting for the Serbian army in the current war in the Balkans. But in an 1894 play, Captain Bluntschli does just that, until he finds refuge in the Petkoff household where he falls in love with Raina Petkoff. FTP, name this play by George Bernard Shaw which takes its title from the first line of Vergil's Aeneid. Answer: _Arms and the Man_ 16. Talk about the fox guarding the henhouse. He was U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 1945 to 1946, probably the most anti- capitalist person ever to head that department. Perhaps he was better qualified as Secretary of Agriculture in the 1930s. FTP, name this vice-president of the U.S. from 1941 to 1945. Answer: Henry A. _Wallace_ 17. From 1848 to 1859 he traveled along the upper Amazon and collected samples of more than 8000 previously unclassified species. Among them he noticed two similarly marked but unrelated species of butterfly, one of which was poisonous to birds. His pioneering theory of mimicry was used by Darwin as a proof of natural selection. FTP, name this English naturalist for whom that type of mimicry is named. Answer: Henry _Bates_ (accept Batesian mimicry) 18. This gas burns with a characteristic blue flame, and is used in the reduction of metals from ores. It combines with chlorine to produce phosgene and with hydrogen to produce methyl alcohol. It is colorless and odorless, and when present in concentrations as low as 0.1%, can cause fatal oxygen starvation. FTP, name this extremely poisonous gas whose formula is CO. Answer: _carbon monoxide_ 19. A weak and dissipated king, he was overthrown in a rebellion headed by his wife and son and gruesomely murdered at Berkeley Castle. He is the subject of a 1594 drama describing his Trouble- some Reign and Lamentable Death. FTP, name this English monarch who was defeated in 1314 at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce. Answer: Edward II 20. This Frenchman was wounded at the siege of Arras in 1640 andgave up his military career to study under the mathematician Pierre Gassendi. Under the influence of Gassendi's scientific theories, he wrote his two best known works, usually translated as Voyages to the Moon and Sun. He was the basis of many romantic but un- historical legends, the most famous being an 1897 play by Edmond Rostand. FTP, name this large-nosed man. Answer: _Cyrano de Bergerac_ 21. One of his operas has a cast of birds, insects, and other animals. Another is set in a prison camp. A third deals with a woman who is 337 years old, and is based on a Capek play. FTP, name this composer of The Cunning Little Vixen, From the House of the Dead, and The Makropulos Affair. Answer: Leos Janacek 22. The Missouri Compromise was being hotly debated on February 25, 1820 when long-winded Congressman Felix Walker of North Carolina rose on the floor of the House and insisted that he be heard. After many minutes of rambling oration, Walker was asked the purpose of his speech. He replied that he was speaking for the voters of his home county. FTP, name Walker's North Carolina county, which lent us a four-letter word for "empty, inflated speech meant to fool people." Answer: Buncombe (accept Bunk) Boni: 1. All fishes are slightly heavier than water. They maintain buoyancy by a variety of methods. FTP each: 1. Name the gas- filled space which serves as a flotation device in most bony fishes. Answer: _swim bladder_ 2. Sharks lack a swim bladder. Which buoyant organ is enlarged to provide flotation? Answer: _liver_ 3. What is the name of the fatty hydrocarbon found in a shark's liver that gives it such lift? Answer: _squalene_ 2. Clarence Day wrote Life With Father. Ten points for two, 20 for three, or 30 for all four, who wrote the following: 1. _Night_ Answer: Elie _Wiesel_ 2. _Mother_ Answer: Maxim _Gorky_ 3. _'Night Mother_ Answer: Marsha _Norman_ 4. _Mother Night_ Answer: Kurt _Vonnegut_ 3. Shakespeare could plagiarize with the best of them. Many of the bard's plays are based on Roman and Greek legends. Identify these providers of plots, for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: Which Greek writer's _Parallel Lives_ was the basis for Julius Caesar and Coriolanus, among others? Answer: _Plutarch_ 2. 15 pts: Name the 16th century translator whose French version of _Parallel Lives_ brought Plutarch up to date. Answer: Jacques _Amyot_ 3. 10 pts: _Troilus and Cressida_ was based partly on Chaucer's work and on this printer's _Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye_. Answer: William _Caxton_ 4. The Carmelites are an order of mendicant friars, originating as hermits on Mt. Carmel in Palestine. They were made into a western order in the 13th century by St. Simon Stock. FTP each: 1. Name the Spanish mystic nun who revived the order in 1562. Answer: St. _Theresa of Avila_ 2. St. Theresa's friend, he was imprisoned in 1577 and wrote _Songs of the Soul_ and _Spiritual Canticle_. Answer: St. _John of the Cross_ 3. The order that St. Theresa and St. John founded is called the Discalced Carmelites. What does discalced mean? Answer: _Barefoot_ (accept equivalents) 5. People have gone over Niagara Falls in barrels; in 1837 one American went over the falls in a burning ship. FTP each: 1. Name this ship, set on fire by loyal Canadians because it was involved in aiding a rebel group. Answer: _Caroline_ 2. Name the Canadian man who headed the rebellion during this so- called Caroline Affair. Answer: William Lyon _MacKenzie_ 3. Anti-British feeling in the U.S. persisted until what agreement settled the border? Answer: _Webster-Ashburton_ Treaty 6. In 1860 Richard Wagner, asked to name the greatest living composers, listed only three men. FTP each, identify them from the descriptions. 1. He lived from 1803 to 1869 and wrote overtures to _Waverly_ as well as the opera _Benvenuto Cellini_. Answer: Louis-Hector _Berlioz_ 2. Living from 1811 to 1886, he studied in Vienna under Salieri, composed _Totentanz_, and took minor orders of the Roman Catholic Church in 1865. Answer: Franz _Liszt_ 3. Born in 1813 and died in 1883, he specialized in opera. After participating in the revolution of 1848 he fled to Zurich where he lived for nine years and began his most famous work, a musical drama in four parts. Answer: Richard _Wagner_ (or himself) 7. In 1903 the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party split into two factions. 1. For 5 points, name both factions. Answer: _Bolshevik_ and _Menshevik_ 2. FTP, in what city did this Bolshevik-Menshevik split occur? Answer: _London_ 3. For 15 points, Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks. What Russian Marxist theoretician was the acknowledged leader of the Mensheviks at the London conference? Answer: Georgy _Plekhanov_ 8. Bombax is the common name for a family of tall, thick-trunked deciduous trees, found chiefly in the tropics. Identify these members of the Bombax family, for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: It yields the lightest lumber in the world. Answer: _Balsa_ 2. 10 pts: Also called the ceiba tree, it produces a water- and decay-resistant fiber that is used as a stuffing, particularly in life preservers. Answer: _Kapok_ 3. 15 pts: It is known for its huge trunk and for the monkeybread fruit that it produces. Answer: _Baobab_ 9. Argentina is the second-largest country in South America. Let's see how much you know about its geography. Name the following features, for the stated number of points. 1. 5 pts: The bleak plateau in the south that is becoming a major oilproducing region. Answer: _Patagonia_ 2. 5 pts: The vast grassland between the Atlantic and the Andean foothills that includes the most productive agricultural section. Answer: _Pampas_ 3. 10 pts: The flat alluvial plain in the far north, near the border with Paraguay. Answer: _Gran Chaco_ 4. 10 pts: The immense waterfall on the border with Brazil with a 210 foot drop. Answer: _Iguacu_ Falls 10. 30-20-10. Name the artist. 30: Whistler said of this contemporary artist: "If a six-year-old child had drawn that on his slate, his mother, if she were a good mother, would have whipped him." 20: His own analysis of painting was that "everything in nature is modeled after the sphere, the cone and the cylinder. One must learn to paint from these simple figures." 30: One of his most famous paintings is _The Card Players_. Answer: Paul _Cezanne_ 11. According to the 1990 census, there were 50,051 Apaches in the United States, mostly in Arizona and New Mexico. Identify these earlier Apaches for the stated number of points. 1. 5: His real name was Goyathlay, or "one who yawns," but he is known by the name given him by Spanish-speaking Mexicans. He led repeated raids after 1876 until his capture and imprisonment in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Answer: _Geronimo_ 2. 10: Chief of the Chiracahua, he warred against the U.S. from 1861 to 1872 after some of his relatives were unjustly hanged. Answer: _Cochise_ 3. 15: Chief of the Membranos, he united the tribes in 1837. After the U.S. acquired New Mexico in 1846, he led his people in continuous warfare until he was killed by Union soldiers in 1863. Answer: _Mangas Coloradas_ 12. The altarpiece was once a venerable art form. For 5 points each, 30 for all five, name the artists of the following: 1. The Isenheim Altarpiece Answer: Matthias _Grunewald_ (or Gothardt) 2. San Zeno Altarpiece Answer: Andrea _Mantegna_ 3. Castelfranco Altarpiece Answer: _Giorgione_ 4. The Ghent Altarpiece, called the Adoration of the Lamb Answer: Jan or Hubert van _Eyck_ 5. The Elevation of the Cross, in Antwerp Cathedral Answer: Peter Paul _Rubens_ 13. Rajiv Gandhi was the most famous grandchild of Nehru. For 10 points each, name these people given a grandparent, or 5 points if you need an easier clue. 1. 10 pts: Josiah Wedgewood (2 answers possible on this clue) 5 pts: He wrote _The Descent of Man_ Answer: Charles Darwin (or Francis Galton) 2. 10 pts: St. Joachim 5 pts: He lived from c. 6 B.C. to c. 30 A.D. Answer: _Jesus_ Christ or equivalent 3. 10 pts: Henry George 5 pts: She choreographed _Oklahoma!_ Answer: _Agnes DeMille_ 14. In physics most principles can be derived from more fundamental laws. FTP each, identify the following constants or laws. 1. This constant can be obtained by dividing the gas constant by Avogadro's number. Answer: _Boltzmann_'s Constant 2. If you combine the First Law of Thermodynamics with the Second Law, you don't get the Third Law. Instead you get a quantity that can be expressed as enthalpy minus temperature times entropy. Answer: _Gibbs Free Energy_ 3. This property, designated by the Greek letter lambda, is equal to Planck's constant divided by the momentum of the particle. Answer: _DeBroglie_ Wavelength 15. Germany almost fell apart in the first years after World War I. There were three separate attempts to overthrow the new Weimar government. Identify these for the stated number of points. For 5: Led by General Erich Ludendorff, it was an attempt in Munich by a fledgling party to take over the government from the right. Answer: Munich _Beer Hall Putsch_ For 10: What name was given to the 1919 leftist uprising in Berlin, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht? Answer: _Spartacist_ Uprising For 15: What name was given to the 1920 rightist attempt led by a monarchist who seized Berlin and declared himself imperial chancellor? Answer: _Kapp_ Putsch 16. The Faust legend has been all the rage since Goethe popularized it. For 5 points each, name the composers of the following musical treatments of the Faust legend. 1. Faust Symphony, 1857 Answer: Franz _Liszt_ 2. Scenes from Goethe's Faust, 1849 Answer: Robert _Schumann_ 3. Faust Overture Answer: Richard _Wagner_ 4. The Elixir of Love, 1832 Answer: Gaetano _Donizetti_ 5. The Fiery Angel Answer: Sergei _Prokofiev_ 6. The Damnation of Faust, 1846 Answer: Hector _Berlioz_ 17. 30-20-10. Give the common name. 30: It is the last name of the U.S. Army surgeon who published an account of Alexis St. Martin, whose abdomen, opened by a gunshot wound, would not close. 20: Speaking of holes that won't close, it's a city in Texas near where the Spindletop gusher erupted in 1901. It is also home to Lamar University. 10: It is the name of the Elizabethan dramatist who wrote _The Woman Hater_ by himself, but is better known for collaborations on plays such as _The Maid's Tragedy_. Answer: _Beaumont_ 18. During the brutal Nazi occupation of Kiev from 1941 to 1944, more than 100,000 local inhabitants were killed, then buried in a ravine. Answer these questions for the stated number of points. 1. 5: What name, meaning "old woman's gully," was given to this ravine? Answer: _Babi Yar_ 2. 10: Name the Russian poet whose 1961 poem, _Babi Yar_, was an attack on Soviet anti-Semitism. Answer: Yevgeny _Yevtushenko_ (NOT "Yevshenko") 3. 15: What Soviet writer condemned both German and Soviet policies toward the Ukraine in his 1966 autobiographical novel, _Babi Yar_? Answer: Anatoly _Kuznetzov_ 19. The Aten group of asteroids has orbits smaller than Earth's orbit. For 10 points each, identify these other noted asteroids or asteroid groups. 1. This group is made up of asteroids whose orbits cross the orbit of the Earth. Answer: _Apollo_ Group 2. This large, recently-discovered asteroid, named for a mythological healer, is in an orbit between Saturn and Uranus. Answer: _Chiron_ 3. These asteroids revolve in the same orbit as Jupiter, 60 degrees ahead and behind that planet. Answer: _Trojan_ Group 20. The top five surnames in China are held by 32 percent of the population, or about 350 million people, with one name alone accounting for 87 million people. FTP each, name any THREE of the five most common surnames in China. Answer: Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, and Chen (accept variations) 21. Spontaneous human combustion is still hotly debated, but the spontaneous generation of life has been disproven for over a century. Identify these experimenters of abiogenesis and ten points will spontaneously appear in your score. 1. In 1668, this Italian physician exposed meat in jars, some covered and some uncovered. All meat spoiled, but only the uncovered meat had maggots. Answer: Francesco Redi 2. In 1767, another Italian improved on Redi's experiment by boiling meat extracts, sealing the necks of the flasks with flames, and then immersing the flasks in boiling water to kill any organisms present. Answer: Lazzaro Spallanzani 3. In 1861, this Frenchman took Spallanzani's experiment one step further by placing fermentable material in swan-necked flasks, boiling them, but leaving them open to the air. Answer: Louis Pasteur 22. 30-20-10. Give this name from ancient and medieval history shared by three men. 30: One was a Roman general in Africa whose quarrels with Rome led to the invasion of North Africa by the Vandals. He was defeated at Hippo in 430 and was killed in battle by the rival Roman general Aetius two years later. 20: An English missionary in the 8th century, this man was called the Apostle of Germany for his attempts to convert the pagans there. He was martyred in Friesland in 754. 10: Pope from 1294 to 1303, he was involved in a bitter struggle with Philip IV of France and died shortly after being roughed up in an abortive kidnap attempt. Answer: Boniface (the pope is Boniface VIII) 24. In a famous 1907 court case, a noted American labor leader was acquitted of murder. Identify these participants in the case, for 10 points each. 1. Name the defendant, a radical labor organizer, who would later leave the U.S. for the Soviet Union. Answer: William "Big Bill" Haywood 2. What Idaho governor was Haywood accused of murdering? Answer: Frank Steunenberg 3. Name the prosecutor in the case, a prominent Idaho politician. Answer: William Borah 25. In 1896 a wild satirical farce was performed in Paris that was a forerunner of the Theater of the Absurd. FTP each: 1. Give the title of this work about a grotesque and repulsive character who becomes king. Answer: Ubu Roi (or King Ubu) 2. Who wrote Ubu Roi? Answer: Alfred Jarry 3. What exactly is it, that didn't exist in 1896, that Ubu becomes king of? Answer: Poland