3M: CO History Doubles
Packet Two: CHILI PEPPERS BURN MY GUT
Questions by Eric Mukherjee, Mike Cheyne, and Mik Larsen

1.	This image was adopted for a panel on the bronze west doors of the Pisa Cathedral, and an image based on this image was adopted as the emblem of Alessandro de' Medici. A sculpture based on this image was erected at the Church of the Sepulchre in Paris for the entry of Henry II. Hans Burgkmair created a competing version, and a contemporary image with the same subject was created for a poemetto of Giovanni Giacomo Penni. The inspiration for this image was described in a letter of Valentim Fernandes and had been housed in the Ribiera Palace in Lisbon. Its subject had originated out of a failed diplomatic mission with the Gujarati Sultan Muzafar II, and was intended as a gift for Pope Leo X but perished in a shipwreck. That subject had been pitted in a fight versus an elephant but the noise from the crowd scared the pachyderm away. For 10 points, identify this image created in 1515 without having seen the animal in question, created by a German woodcut artist.
ANSWER: Durer's Rhinoceros

2.	One rebellion against this polity was known as the Cosiata or "insignificant thing". One vice president of this polity was banished after allegedly conspiring to attack its president's palace at San Carlos; that vice president was Francisco Santander. Its first constitution guaranteed freedom for the children of slaves and set up a five-man Supreme Court. One convention to reform its constitution at Ocaña failed, and it defeated a polity led by José de la Mar at the Battle of Tarqui. Jose Antonio Paez led a revolution against it, and José Domingo Caicedo succeeded its first head of state. First organized at congresses in Angostura and Cicuta, it was proposed after the Battle of Boyaca and an additional nation was incorporated into it after a victory at Pichincha for Antonio Jose de Sucre. For 10 points, identify this federated polity which included Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru and disintegrated in 1830, first founded by Simon Bolivar.
ANSWER: Gran Colombia (or Great Colombia)

3.	This event destroyed a location famously used to play music by Peter Pulcer. An account of it described a cook telling everyone "it's been good to know you" after a hatchway caved in. Analysts have blamed this event on the negligence of Ernest McSorley, who was bound for Zug Island, and it centered on an object named for a one-time head of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. A song about it describes a church bell ringing twenty-nine times and also continually mentions the "gales of November"  This event eventually resulted in Coast Guard requirements regarding mandatory use of survival suits and depth finders. It took place about 17 miles from Whitefish Bay. Gordon Lightfoot wrote a famous 1976 song about the "wreck" of this event. For 10 points, name this November 1975 disaster in which a freighter transporting taconite ore sank during a Lake Superior storm.
ANSWER: The SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinking

4.	Princeton scholar Brent Shaw wrote the most noteworthy sourcebook for these events, for which Florus and Diodorus Siculus provide the best evidence. One of these conflicts was ended by Manius Aquillius, who defeated an army led by Athenion and the flute-playing Tryphon. Another one of these conflicts saw the seizure of Henna and Catana by the army of Cleon and the prophet Antiochus, who was more often called Eunus. A further conflict in this series saw the defeat of armies under Publius Varinius and Gaius Claudius Glaber, the latter in an ambush on the slopes of Vesuvius. That war, the third of these conflicts, ended with an army trapped near Brundisium by the forces of Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus. It had started near Capua with a revolt at Lentulus Batiatus' school for gladiators. For 10 points, identify this series of conflicts for the Roman Republic, the largest of which involved the army of Spartacus.
ANSWER: The Servile Wars (accept slave revolts/wars or equivalents)

5.	During one conflict, this group was relieved by the Dukes while defending The Hook. A play titled after this group written by Gregory Burke details their involvement in Operation TELIC. This unit was amalgamated with the 73rd Regiment of Foot by the Childers reforms. This group’s action at the Battle of Geldermalsen are celebrated on Red Hackle Day, and this group was originally commanded by Sir Robert Munro after being created by order of (*) George II. This unit was the last one present in Hong Kong during the handover ceremony and saw its first action defending the ravines during the retreat at the Battle of Fontenoy. It was originally formed in 1725 in the wake of the Jacobite Rising. For 10 points, name this military unit, originally a regiment of Scottish Highlanders which took their name from the dark tartan they wore.  
ANSWER: the Black Watch [prompt on Highlanders, Royal Highland Regiment, or Highland Regiment]

6.	The man who wrote the document that initiated this event later succeeded William Eustis as Secretary of War. After it ended, Timothy Pickering criticized the hypocrisy in people's condemnation of a document they earlier supported. This event was ended by a meeting in which a speaker denounced attempts to "deluge our rising empire in blood."  It may be connected to a Lewis Nicola written letter proposing that a certain man become "King of the United States," and it was refuted by a man who asked for permission to put on his spectacles, for he had "grown gray but almost blind" while serving his country. This event began with an anonymous letter penned by John Armstrong, an aide of Horatio Gates, being distributed around a New York camp. It was stopped by an emotional appeal by George Washington. For 10 points, name this threatened uprising in March 1783 by those in the Continental Army frustrated by their lack of pay.
ANSWER: Newburgh Conspiracy

7.	The peninsula containing this location, but not this location itself, was annexed along with Stonecutters Island in 1899. Jackie Pullinger wrote about treating addicts living in this location in Crack in the Wall. A park containing the Chess Garden and the Eight Floral Walks contains the remnants of this location’s south gate. Groups like 14K and (*) Sun Yee On flourished in this settlement, which was connected to a nearby pier by the Lung Tsun Stone Bridge. This site was informally governed by a Kaifong association. This site was located right next to the Kai Tak airport. The demolition of this site was planned for a few years before the 1997 handover. For 10 points, name this extremely dense, crime-ridden settlement in Hong Kong.
ANSWER: Kowloon Walled City [prompt on Hong Kong]

8.	One precursor to this agreement led to so-called adiaphora controversies between Flacians and Philippists, while another precursor was first drafted by Julius von Pflug. An alliance cemented by the Treaty of Chambord prompted yet another precursor due to an attack led by Maurice of Saxony and Henry II of France in the "Princes' War". John Agricola led one side in creating a forerunner to this agreement which Philip of Melancthon rejected. Superseding the Interim of Zella and the Peace of Passau, this agreement included a principle called "Ferdinand's Declaration" which exempted knights and certain cities from its effects. That Ferdinand was the future Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, who oversaw its creation because the actual emperor was unwilling to compromise in person. Instituting the doctrine of cuius regio eius religio, For 10 points, identify this 1555 agreement between the Schmalkaldic League and Charles V which allowed German principalities to select either Catholicism or Protestantism.
ANSWER: The Peace of Augsburg (or the Augsburg Settlement; prompt on Peace of Passau or the Augsburg Interim until the start of the second sentence)

9.	In 1982, Jack Valenti compared the VCR to this figure while speaking to a congressional panel. Texas Representative Tom Moore passed a resolution honoring this person for his work on "population control and applied psychology." Peter Hurkos' psychically obtained description of this person, which was completely wrong, led to embarrassment for Attorney General Edward Brooke. George Nassar is suspected of being this figure, although he reported another man's confession to attorney F. Lee Bailey. Some profilers believe this figure is multiple people and believe the man who confessed was lying. Albert DeSalvo said he was this person, who typically entered women's apartments and killed them with their own stockings. For 10 points, name this figure believed to have killed at least thirteen women in a Massachusetts city during the 1960's.
ANSWER: The Boston Strangler [accept Albert DeSalvo before mentioned, prompt on answers like the Strangler]

10.	It's not India, but one religious leader in this country delivered the Eldmessa, or "Sermon of Fire", during a period known as the Mist Hardships. This country was the site of the Battle of Haugsnes. Another religious leader in this country, Jon Arason, was beheaded after the Battle of Sauthafell, and this country was subject to a raid known as the Turkish Abductions. One source for this country's early history is the Book of Settlements, and it once lost its independence in an agreement made with Magnus the Lawgiver, the Old Covenant. Via the Act of Union it joined in a personal union with Christian X, and Hannes Hafstein served as its first Minister. Chieftains called gothar engaged in the Battle of Orlygsstathir during an era of faction called the Age of the Sturlungs in this country. For 10 points, identify this modern nation, the home of Snorri Sturlson, governed by a national assembly called the Althing.
ANSWER: Iceland

11.	An incomplete version of this text was disseminated by John Rettie, and the full contents of this text were smuggled out by a chain that included James Jesus Angleton and Lucia Baranowksi. Prepared from the results of the Pospelov Commission, it  denounced the "criminal murder" of a man shot in his office by Leonid Nikolaev. This text helped inspire the formation of the 'anti-revisionist' movement, and it describes the true nature of the Mingrelian Affair and the Doctor's Plot. It repudiated Zhdanovism and was partially responsible for riots and demonstrations in Georgia. A milestone in its deliverer's namesake "Thaw", it describes the creation of the term "enemy of the people" as an ideological weapon and challenges the idea of one leader's "ultimate plan" in the Great Patriotic War. Delivered at the 20th Party Congress in 1956, For 10 points, name this speech by Khruschev in which he denounced his predecessor and announced the beginning of De-Stalinization.
ANSWER: The Secret Speech (or On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences)

12.	A coup attempt against one member of this family was defeated with the help of the US in Operation Classic Resolve, utilized vintage T-28s as dive bombers, and was investigated by the Davide Commission; the same group tried to oust one member of this family as part of the “God Save the Queen” plot. That member of this family passed the CARP law as part of an agrarian reform program. Another member of this family pledged never to use his car horn, even when he was stuck in traffic, as part of the ongoing debate over “wang-wang” privilege. One member of this family ran on the LABAN party ticket during one parliamentary election, during which his seven-year-old daughter Kris would occasionally stand in for him during rallies. A member of this family and leader of the UNIDO party nicknamed (*) “Ninoy” was assassinated on an Airport tarmac, supposedly under the orders of the government; that member of this family’s widow, Corazon, later ascended to the presidency after the People’s Power Revolution, succeeding Ferdinand Marcos. For 10 points, name this political family whose members include the current president of the Philippines.
ANSWER: Aquino

13.	One ruler of this kingdom heavily funded the Monastery at Medeshamstede, which contained an artifact called the “Hedda stone”. A missionary named Chad was heavily responsible for the Christianization of this kingdom, whose power was severely curtailed after a decisive loss at the Battle of Ellendun. One ruler of this kingdom died leading troops against the Bernicians at the Battle of the Winwaed, and allied with Cadwallon ap Cadfan to win the Battle of Hatfield Chase. The final ruler of this kingdom was Aethelfaed, the sister of Edward the Elder. The so-called “Supremacy” of this kingdom over all lands south of the Humber estuary was set in motion by a victory at (*) Maserfield, the latter of which saw one ruler of this kingdom defeat Oswald of Northumbria. One ruler of this kingdom placed his wife Cynethryth on one series of his coinage, and during a conflict with Wales ordered the construction of a barrier between his kingdom and the Kingdom of Powys, his namesake “dyke”. For 10 points, name this member of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy that was ruled by Offa and Penda, and was located in the English Midlands.
ANSWER: Mercia

14.	A member of this tribe led forces in the Wagoner massacre of black haycutters. A chief of a splinter faction of this tribe was known as "Nimrod Smith." Another member was blamed for the death of Deputy Marshal Daniel Maples, triggering "Ned Christie's War." A white man who joined this tribe and became chief was named William Holland Thomas. It published a newspaper called the Phoenix. The final Confederate general to surrender in the field was part of this tribe; that man, Stand Watie, was the younger brother of the assassinated Elias Boudinot. It was divided into a faction led by Major Ridge and one led by John Ross. Samuel Worcester was a missionary to this tribe, whose actions prompted a Supreme Court case. For 10 points, name this American Indian tribe which signed the Treaty of New Echota before being removed westward on the Trail of Tears.
ANSWER: Cherokee

15.	Description acceptable. This work begins with a Rob Paulsen played voice declaring the “Vienna Wood Dance in D” to be “one of his all-time favorites.” The tie-wearing protagonist of this Jeff Goodby penned work, played by Sean Whalen, is first seen using a knife, while sitting next to an hourglass and radio. At one point, it features quick cuts between a gun being fired and an exhibit labeled “THE BULLET.” Directed by Michael Bay, this work features a man frantically trying to answer a $10,000 trivia question while having his mouth filled with peanut butter. It won an award for best advertisement in 1994. For 10 points, name or describe the first in a series of pro-dairy commercials, in which a man is unable to correctly answer the trivia question “Who shot Alexander Hamilton?”
ANSWER: The “Got Milk?” commercial about Aaron Burr [accept anything about Burr and milk]

16.	This man was given a passport by Treasury Secretary Ogden Mills to help his furtive trip to England aboard the SS American Importer, after which he stayed at a place called Long Barn. The winner of the Orteig Prize, he wrote the autobiography We and met his wife, the daughter of Ambassador Dwight Morrow, on a "Good Will Tour" of Latin America. This man claimed the British and Jewish were the title group in his speech "Who Are the War Agitators?", and he followed Joseph Kennedy's urging to urge Britain and France not to engage Hitler in the 1930's, both reasons why Franklin Roosevelt was convinced he was a Nazi. This man resigned his commission as a colonel in the U.S. Army Air Corps shortly after becoming the spokesman for the antiwar America First Committee in 1940. For 10 points, name this American aviator who flew solo on a non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.
ANSWER: Charles Lindbergh

17.	One migration of people from this region was defeated by John of Orsini, although his son was killed here in the Battle of Achelous. The bastard son of Robert I of Naples, Karl Topia, ruled this region for thirty years, and Alexius Apocaucus allowed it to be conquered by the forces of Stefan Dushan. The Progon Dynasty formed its first independent kingdom, and the Principality of Berat formed one part of this region. It once lost independence after the siege of Shkodra, and it was home to the noble Muzaka family who helped found the League of Lezhe. The Treaty of Viterbo, signed after the Battle of Benevento, transferred the claim to this region to Charles of Anjou, who created an eponymous kingdom here. One leader from this modern nation won the battles of Otonete and Modric and twice defeated Turkish forces besieging Kruje. For 10 points, name this region absorbed by the Ottomans in 1385 and 1501, led in resistance by its nationalist hero Skanderbeg.
ANSWER: Albania (Accept Epirus before end of first sentence and prompt after first sentence; prompt on Rumelia)

18.	One author from this nation was imprisoned after writing a book about its First Lady entitled “The Belle of the Banana Republic”. The south of this nation, which was originally a British Mandate, contains the breakaway region Ambazonia. This nation’s independence was agitated for by Jean Ramadier, but rejected by the gradualist Andre-Marie Mbida. John Frou Ndi led the Social Democratic Front in this nation, which is supported by activist women’s groups called Takembeng. A transport strike in this nation was diffused when the government reduced the price of gasoline by less than one cent. With an eastern neighbor, this nation signed the Greentree Agreement after an International Court of Justice decision awarded this nation the (*) Bakassi peninsula. Chieftans called “Fon” rule several tribes in this nation, which is home to the only two recorded limnic eruptions in history. Ahmadou Ahidjo served as the first president of this nation, and was later succeeded by longtime president Paul Biya. For 10 points, name this Francophone West African Nation with capital at Yaoundé.
ANSWER: Republic of Cameroon

19.	As a boy, an arrow landed in this man's crib during Simon Girty's raid on Bryan's Station, during which his mother heroically obtained water. As chairman of the Committee on Claims, he secured a wage for Alexander Hamilton's widow. This man wrote The Sunday Mail Report as a Senator, arguing that the banning of Sunday mail could not be legislated. He controversially had a common law wife named Julia Chinn, an octoroon slave. During one election, this politician used a slogan that began with the chant "rumpsey dumpsey, rumpsey dumpsey," even though John Catron wrote that "a lucky random shot" did not qualify him for his post. This man claimed that he, while fighting at the Battle of the Thames, personally killed Tecumseh. Due to his personal unpopularity, he was the only Vice President that had to be selected by the United States Senate after failing to get enough electoral votes. For 10 points, name Martin Van Buren's Vice-President.
ANSWER: Richard Mentor Johnson [or Dick Johnson]

20.	Pietro della Valle wrote an “account” of this ruler, who ordered the construction of New Julfa as a refuge for Armenians. This man stopped trusting one of his sons after his son killed a boar before him during a hunt, and ordered the execution of that son, Safi Mirza. This man installed Caucasian ghulams in the highest administrative and army command positions, including the Georgian Allahverdi Kahn. After Teimuraz I killed the governor of Karabakh, this man’s armies completely devastated Tbilisi, leading to a battle on Lake Gokce. Spain demanded that this man break off relations with the British East India Company, who helped him recapture the port of (*) Hormuz. This man was installed on the throne at the age of 16 after Murshid Qoli Khan of the Qizilbash overthrew Mohammad I. Two envoys from the Earl of Essex, Robert and Anthony Shirley, helped modernize this man’s army, and this man moved his capital to Isfahan during his 40-year reign For 10 points, name this grandson of Tahmasp I and longtime ruler of the Safavid dynasty.
ANSWER: Abbas I [or Abbas the Great]