Boston Summer Open Round 6 Questions by Princeton Pythias TOSSUPS 1. This piece of music, composed in 1934, was its composer's opus 43. In it first recording, the composer played piano and the Philadelphia Orchestra accompanied him. It was based upon the 24th Caprice for violin, written by a certain Italian. For 10 points, name this set of variations for piano and orchestra composed by Sergey Rachmaninov. answer: _RHAPSODY_ on a theme of _PAGANINI_ 2. It was written, possibly at the request of Pope Hormisidas [hor-MISS-ee-das], around 530 A.D. First put into effect at Monte Cassino, it stressed moderation, poverty, chastity, labor and obedience to one's abbot. For 10 points, name this set of regulations for cenobitic [sen-oh-BIT-ik] monks, named after its author, a saint from Nursia. answer: The _RULE OF ST. BENEDICT_ or the _BENEDICTINE RULE_ 3. In Lausanne, Switzerland, a statue in the Olympic museum's garden was defaced and had the word "mafia" spray-painted underneath it on June 19th. The protests began shortly after International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch announced that Sion, Switzerland's bid for the 2006 Olympics, had been turned down in favor of, for 10 points, what Italian city known more for religious relics than for bob-sledding and figure-skating? answer: _TURIN_ 4. The Slutsky equation relates this specific quantity to income, price and Marshallian demand. Shepard's Lemma states that it is invariably the partial derivative with respect to price of the expenditure function for a given consumer. For 10 points, name this type of demand function, a function of prices and utility that describes how much of a good a consumer will buy if she is given enough extra income to maintain a constant level of utility as prices increase. answer: _COMPENSATED DEMAND_ or _HICKSIAN DEMAND_ (prompt on "demand") 5. In 1916 he wrote an article called "The Only Hope of Ireland" for "The Blast!," his magazine, about the tyranny of Great Britain. He was also imprisoned for 14 years for trying to kill industrialist Henry Clay Frick. The "ABC's of Anarchism" was written by, for 10 points, what lover of Emma Goldman who was nicknamed Sasha? answer: Alexander _BERKMAN_ 6. A Christian militia began the withdrawal from this country by leaving Jezzine, which put Sidon out of range of artillery fire. Ehud Barak has said that within approximately one year, Israeli forces will have departed from their "security zone" in, for 10 points, what northern neighbor? answer: _LEBANON_ 7. His degree was in engineering but he was unable find a job as an engineer so he turned to theoretical physics. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University from 1932 till 1968. His greatest contribution to Physics was to apply the special theory of relativity to quantum mechanics. For 10 points, name the man who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1933 with Erwin Schrodinger. answer: Paul Adrian Maurice _DIRAC_ 8. This period marked the founding of the Jodo-shin-shu and Nichirenite sects of Buddhism. It began in 1192 when Minamoto-no-Yorimoto formed a military government, independent from the emperor and bureaucracy in Kyoto, and named it Bakufu, meaning Shogunate. For 10 points, name this period in Japanese history marked by the defeat of Emperor Gotoba in the battle of Jokyu in 1219. answer: The _KAMAKURA_ Era 9. His family name was Spitama and he was born poor around 600 BC. Legend has it that three days before his birth, his village shone so brightly that its inhabitants fled what they thought was a fire. As it happens, fire worship would become part of the religion he founded, but only as a holdover from the polytheistic religion he reformed. For 10 points, name this founder of a religion whose current followers are concentrated in Bombay and Iran. answer: _ZOROASTER_ or _ZARATHUSTRA_ 10. This woven cotton fabric originated in India by the 11th century. The term encompasses a range of weaves and prints but generally refers to coarse, printed with figured patterns on a white or contrasting background. Chintz is a subvariety. The adjective also refers to a particular blotched colouring of animals, especially one that is predominantly white with red and white patches. FTP, name this fabric named after the city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut. answer: _CALICO_ 11. "One: I am a Welshman; two: I am a drunkard; three: I am a lover of the human race, especially of women." The man who penned those words also wrote "The force that through the green fuse drives the flower" and "In my craft or sullen art." For 10 points, name this poet who died in New York City in 1953 but was born in 1914 in Swansea, Wales. answer: Dylan _THOMAS_ 12. It is a non-orientable surface with Euler characteristic equal to 0. It is one-sided, boundless and closed, with no inside. Technically a three-dimensional object, it requires a fold through a fourth spatial dimension to create it, so none exist that we know of. It can be created by combining two Mobius strips. For 10 points, name this object out of which a clever topologist might like to pour his wine. answer: _KLEIN BOTTLE_ 13. Founded in 814 BC, its name meant "New Town". It was located on a triangular peninsula and backed by a lake that provided anchorage and plentiful fish. The sea entrance was guarded by the citadel of Byrsa, and its ancient wealth was derived from the silver mines of colonies it held in North Africa and Spain. For 10 points, what city-state is now just a suburb of Tunis? answer: _CARTHAGE_ 14. This 1954 novel, allegedly rejected by 21 publishers, takes place during in an atomic war. The first victim is killed as if he were abeast and his body is swept out by the tide. The second is stoned and thrown from a cliff. For 10 points, name the novel that tells of a group of stranded English boys whose eventual rescue by a naval officer comes long after the deaths of Simon and Piggy. answer: _LORD OF THE FLIES_ 15. Finalized in 1992, its design was entrenched in International Standard ISO/IEC 11172-3. It was one of several degrees of complexity, with the higher numbers meaning greater coding efficiency and lower bit rates. It does not merely simplify redundant information; it converts the audio sample to the frequency domain and then uses a psychoacoustic model of human hearing to discard inaudible, "irrelevant" parts. For 10 points, name this audio compression format that the Recording Industry Association of America has lobbied hard against. answer: _MP3_ or _MPEG 1, LAYER III_ 16. Alcohol is not prohibited, but blood is. Some types of locusts are allowed, but the sciatic nerve of mammals is not. Fish with fins and scales are permitted, but crustaceans are not. Mammals must have cloven hooves and chew their cud to be acceptable. For 10 points, what set of rules embodies these restrictions and forbids the simultaneous consumption of meat and dairy products? answer: _KOSHER_ laws or laws of _KASHRUT_ (accept "Jewish dietary laws") [Moderator note: Muslim dietary laws prohibit alcohol.] 17. She married the novelist Richard Aldington in London, in 1913, but her daughter, born in 1919, was from her lover, Cecil Gray. She met Ezra Pound while she was a student at Bryn Mawr. A collection of her poems is called "Helen in Egypt," and her prose includes "Tribute to Freud" and "The Gift." For 10 points, name the author whose fans called her H.D. answer: Hilda _DOOLITTLE_ (accept _H.D._ before end) 18. After making one of these, a team is in theory allowed to take a free kick. It's one of the few occasions in the game of football where you might hope to drop the ball, since if you do you can legally advance it; if you field it cleanly, on the other hand, attempting to advance the football is not allowed. For 10 points, name this technique in which, by waving his arm above his head, a punt or kickoff returner earns the right to try to field the ball without being hit. answer: a _FAIR CATCH_ 19. Their paintings consisted of religious and medieval subjects emulating the naive, unadorned directness of 15th-century Florentine and Sienese paintings. Formed in 1848, they first exhibited their artwork anonymously, signing all their paintings with a three-letter acronym. For 10 points, name this art movement whose founding members included Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais. answer: The _PRE-RAPHAELITE_ BROTHERHOOD 20. This predominantly Muslim country has for its national flag a red circle against a green background. It gained its independence in 1971, after it had been part of the British Empire until 1947 and part of Pakistan after that. Familiar to high rainfall, its coastal area is often devastated by severe monsoon storms. For 10 points, name this country whose official language is Bengali. answer: _BANGLADESH_ 21. Ever since the patent for this product expired in 1978, its Swiss maker has tried to distinguish the product so that its name avoids the fate of words like "thermos," "escalator" and "nylon." Engineer George de Mestral conceived it after he'd been walking outdoors with his dogs. Without it, certain hairpieces would slide off the head and the sport of jumping against walls would be much more painful. For 10 points, name this device that mimics cockle burrs in dog fur. answer: _VELCRO_ Boston Summer Open Round 6 Questions by Princeton Pythias BONUS 1. Given the Civil War battle and the winning generals, for 15 points each, name the commander of the losing side. A. The First Battle of Manassas, or Bull Run; Brigadier Generals Joseph Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard. answer: Brigadier General Irvin _MCDOWELL_ B. The Second Battle of Manassas, or Bull Run; General Robert E. Lee and Major General Tom "Stonewall" Jackson. answer: Major General John _POPE_ 2. Two ships from different countries are shipwrecked on a desert island. The two groups of sailors speak no common languages, although one group speaks a European language. A. For 5 points, what term names the new hybrid language, with reduced vocabulary and simple grammar, that the two groups will use to deal with each other? answer: _PIDGIN_ B. For 10 points, what term names the language that results if the children give up their original languages and the pidgin language becomes established as the new community's mother tongue? answer: _CREOLE_ C. For 15 points, name the creole that is spoken in the Sea Islands of South Carolina by former black slaves. It is the source of words like gumbo, goober and voodoo. answer: _GULLAH_ 3. Name these medieval philosophers for 10 points each: A. He became a Dominican despite a year imprisoned in the family castle. In his writings, he answered more than ten thousands objections to Christianity using proofs from the Bible. answer: Saint Thomas _AQUINAS_ B. This Muslim wrote commentaries on Aristotle's works and Plato's Republic. A polymath, he also wrote on law, medicine, science and philosophy while court physician to Caliph Abu Yusuf. answer: _AVERROES_ or _IBN RUSHD_ C. Born in Spain like Averroes, he was forced to emigrate to Morocco and Egypt where he became leader of the Jewish community. Major works include Mishneh Torah and "Guide for the Perplexed." answer: _MOSES ben MAIMON_ or _MAIMONIDES_ 4. If you won't "eat your veggies," at least name them, for 10 points each: A. Twenty billion of these nuts are produced every year; the tree grows well on uncultivated soil. The edible part is the endosperm of the seed of a drupe fruit; the fibrous fruit coat is removed before sale. answer: _COCONUT_ B. This oil has the lowest saturated fat level of any edible oil, at 7%, while the refined form of the oil is used as an industrial lubricant. answer: _RAPESEED_ oil or _CANOLA_ C. This annual plant native to the tropics was cultivated by Egyptians in the 12th century AD, and came to the southern US with the slave trade. A relative of the hibiscus, it has star-shaped capsules. answer: _OKRA_ 5. If you're sick of Times New Roman and Arial, how about a little type sophistication? For 10 points each: A. This is a special single character formed from two adjacent characters, like the "ae" in Caesar or the pair "f-i." answer: _LIGATURE_ B. This sans-serif 12-point font was the original system font of Macintosh computers before being replaced by Charcoal in Mac OS 8. It was designed by Susan Kare, who also created the original Mac icons. answer: _CHICAGO_ C. If spaced normally, some letter combinations appear farther apart than others because of the shapes of the individual letters. Name the practice of adjusting inter-character spacing to improve appearance. answer: KERNING 6. For 10 points each, answer these questions from Down Under, mate: A. Anthony van Diemen of the Indies commissioned this navigator to explore the waters of the Southern Hemisphere in 1642. He named Van Diemen's Land, which was later found to be an island and renamed for him. answer: Abel Janszoon _TASMAN_ B. This period of violence between Tasmanian aborigines and European settlers on Tasmania lasted from 1804 to 1830. It ended in the resettlement of the surviving 200 to the island of Flinders and their eventual extinction. answer: The _BLACK WAR_ of Van Diemen's Land C. The Commonwealth of Australia came into existence Jan 1, 1901. This member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly became the new nation's first prime minister. answer: Edmund _BARTON_ 7. Whose line is it anyway? Given a quote from Hamlet, name the character who said it, 5-10-15. A. For 5 points: "Now cracks a noble heart. - Goodnight, sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest!" answer: _HORATIO_ B. For 10 points: "I could be bounded in a nutshell, and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams." answer: _HAMLET_ (the Prince, not the dead King's ghost) C. For 15 points: "The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love: A second time I kill my husband dead When second husband kisses me in bed." answer: The _PLAYER QUEEN_ 8. For 10 points each, name these people who went on to quiet lives following criminal pasts: A. She married doctor Gerald Peterson and lived a quiet life in Saint Paul, Minnesota, where she taught English as a Second Language and starred in community theater. answer: Sara Jane _OLSON_ or Kathleen _SOLIAH_ B. Like Soliah, this Boston University graduate and political activist- gone-bad spent over two decades on the run before she was apprehended. answer: Katherine Ann _POWER_ C. This man was convicted in 1994 for the 1963 murder of Medgar Evers. answer: Byron De La _BECKWITH_ 9. The Prime Meridian, also known as the Greenwich meridian, passes through eight countries, not counting Antarctica. One of them is the United Kingdom. For 5 points each, name six of the other seven. answers: _FRANCE_, _SPAIN_, _ALGERIA_, _MALI_, _BURKINA FASO_, _GHANA_, _TOGO_ 10. 30-20-10. Name the poet from lines. A. "America I've given you all and now I'm nothing. America two dollars and twenty-seven cents." B. "So you got your high blood pressure Your big toe hurts Someday you'll die So you sing Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare So you work on the top floor of the Empire State Building You're a jerk You're a hypocrite who eats hot dogs." C. "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the Negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix..." answer: Allen _GINSBERG_ 11. If it seems as though chess players are speaking a foreign language, sometimes that's because they are. For 10 points each, name these terms: A. French for "I adjust," this means that you do not intend to move the piece which you are about to reposition on its square and thus the touch-move rule does not apply. answer: _J'ADOUBE_ [zhe'ah-DOOB] B. German for "in-between move," this word describes an unexpected move that disrupts a planned sequence of moves by one's opponent. answer: _ZWISCHENZUG_ [TSVIH-shen-tsoog] C. Italian for "quiet game," this describes the opening sequence of moves 1. e4 e5, 2. Nf3 Nf6, 3. Bc4 Bc5. answer: _ GIUOCO PIANO_ [jee-OOH-koh pi-AH-no] 12. Name these electromagnetic phenomena for 10 points each: A. Double refraction occurs in all crystals that do not have cubic lattice structures. What feature of the index of refraction makes this possible? answer: _ANISOTROPY_ (that is, it the value of the index of refraction is different in different directions) B. In a transparent material, the speed of light is lower than "c." However, particles may travel faster than this slower speed, and then a cone of this kind of radiation is emitted. answer: _CERENKOV_ radiation C. This type of diffraction is used to study materials that do not readily form large, perfect crystals. It was named after a Swiss physicist and a Dutch physical chemist, and involves powdering the material to be studied and striking it with X-rays. answer: _DEBYE-SCHERRER_ diffraction 13. Given the leader of an entity involved in the conflict in Kosovo, name the state or group for 10 points each. For example, if I said Slobodan Milosevic, you would say the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A. Javier Solana. answer: _NATO_ or _NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION_ B. Hashim Thaci. [HAH-shim THA-chee] answer: _K_osovo _L_iberation _A_rmy (or _U_shtria _C_lirimtare E _K_osoves) (accept _Provisional Government of Kosova_) C. Milo Djukanovic. [MEE-loh Joo-KAHN-o-vich] answer: _MONTENEGRO_ (accept _Crna Gora_) 14. Name these beings from Roman myth for 10 points each: A. He was the special protector of the emperors until Constantine got religion. Aurelian built a temple to him in the Campus Agrippae. answer: _SOL INVICTUS_ (prompt on "Sol") B. Sol Invictus was closely allied with this imported Iranian god. answer: _MITHRA_ C. This Roman goddess was originally an Italian wood goddess worshipped at Latium; she had a temple on the Aventine Hill. answer: _DIANA_ 15. For 5 points per answer, name these teams from World Cup soccer -- the men's version. A. In descending order, the top three teams in the 1998 Cup. answer: _FRANCE_ was 1st, _BRAZIL_ was 2nd, _CROATIA_ was 3rd B. In chronological order, the winners of the 1990 and 1994 World Cups. answers: _W_est _GERMANY_ won in 1990 (accept _F_ederal _R_epublic of _G_ermany or _B_undes_R_epublik _D_eutschland, but DO NOT ACCEPT "Germany") _BRAZIL_ won in 1994 C. The best player on this South American country's 1998 team was its goal tender, a popular political figure who also took the team's free kicks. answer: _PARAGUAY_ 16. Identify the following about an 18th century rebellion led by James Napper Tandy on a 5-5-10-10 basis. A. For 5 points, the country in which it took place. answer: _IRELAND_ B. For 5 points, the country from which a fleet of 43 ships and 15,000 men set out to help, only to be scattered by storm. answer: _FRANCE_ C. For 10 points, the leader of the French fleet. answer: Louis Lazare _HOCHE_ D. For 10 points, the June 12, 1798, battle that the Irish lost without French help. answer: Battle of _VINEGAR HILL_ 17. 30-20-10-5, name the author. A. His first novel was "Hans of Iceland," written in 1823 and translated to English in 1825. B. Exiled from his country from 1851 to 1870, he wrote some of his most original works, including a collection of poems "the punishments," the epic poem "The end of satan" and his last novel "ninety-three." C. Some of his characters include Claude Frollo and Phoebus. D. Other characters include Quasimodo and Jean Valjean. answer: Victor Marie _HUGO_ 18. Few things embarrass a trumpet player more than trying to hit high C and missing. Note that "high C" is actually concert B-flat, and for 5 points per answer: A. As a trumpet would refer to them, name (in any order) the three highest notes below high C that would be played with an open fingering. answer: _E_, _G_, _B-flat_ B. What are the concert pitches of these two notes? answer: _D_, _F_, _A-flat_ 19. Given an element, for 5 points per answer name the element with one atomic number lesser and greater respectively. Order is important. A. Neon. answers: _FLUORINE_, _SODIUM_ B. Platinum. answers: _IRIDIUM_, _GOLD_ C. Einsteinium answers: _CALIFORNIUM_, _FERMIUM_ 20. 30-20-10. Name the author from works. A. "If Morning Ever Comes" and "Ladder of Years." B. "Morgan's Passing" and "Breathing Lessons." C. "Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant" and "The Accidental Tourist." answer: Anne _TYLER_