Boston Summer Open Round 4 Questions by Virginia Tech TOSSUPS 1. He led the Liberal Party in Sweden from 1944-1967 and served as minister of commerce from 1944-1945. He disagreed with John Maynard Keynes over Germany's ability to pay war reparations. His 1933 work, _Interregional and International Trade_, built upon earlier work by Heckscher and fully developed the theory that shares their names. For 10 points, what founder of the modern theory of the dynamics of trade shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Economics with James Meade? Answer: Bertil Gotthard _Ohlin_ 2. The Babylonians would have met Ereshkigal, or her consort Nergal. According to the Japanese mythos, a mishap which occured during the birth of the fire god Kagutsuchi resulted in Izanami coming to rule over this province. After he was murdered by his brother Set, Osiris displaced Anubis as judge and ruler of this realm in Egyptian myth. For 10 points, identify the sphere which is more notably governed by Hel in Norse myth, and by Hades in Greek myth. Answer: _Death_ or the _underworld_ (Accept reasonable equivalents.) 3. It opens with a solemn dirge in C minor. The second movement evokes Hayden; the third movement, also in C minor, is based on the song "St. Anthony of Padua's Sermon to the Fishes." In the brief fourth movement, a contralto sings "Primordial Light," a poem by the composer himself. The finale, a symphonic depiction of Judgment Day, features the _Dies Irae_ theme, with off-stage horns blaring the "last trump." For 10 points, name this religiously titled Second Symphony of Gustav Mahler. Answer: _Resurrection_ Symphony (Accept _Mahler's 2nd Symphony_ early) 4. Some of those who jumped, landed on the soft sand of the naval base 200 feet below; others weren't so lucky. Blamed variously on lightning, sabotage, flammable varnish and hydrogen, the explosion prematurely ended an American tour of German engineering prowess at New Jersey's Lakehurst Naval Air Station. For 10 points, the 1937 demise of what zeppelin is instantly recalled by a reporter's cry, "Oh, the Humanity!"? Answer: _Hindenburg_ 5. He edited the poems of his wife, Elinor Wylie. His own books include a volume of essays, "Wild Goslings"; the novel, "The First Person Singular"; and such collections of poetry as "Merchants from Cathay" and "The Great White Wall." His autobiographical verse-narrative, "The Dust Which Is God," won the 1942 Pulitzer Prize in poetry. Though less well known than his poet brother Stephen Vincent, for 10 points, who wrote a literary anthology that many of you overuse as a question source? Answer: _W_illiam (Rose) _Benét_ 6. Its largest sources are located in South and Southeast Asia, where it appears mostly in metamorphic rocks. It is probably best known in its gem forms, which include ruby and sapphire. For 10 points, name this form of aluminum oxide which ranks 9 on the Moh's Hardness Scale. Answer: _corundum_ 7. Dick Lugar, who chairs of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, has asked the Departments of Defense and Agriculture to buy more of a food product whose price has been on the decline. For 10 points, name this meat, whose name might also describe the type of spending that Lugar advocates. Answer: _pork_ 8. Chu Yuan-chang, a former Buddhist monk, gained control of a rebellion in progress and became the first emperor of this dynasty. It saw the advant of seven naval expeditions under Admiral Cheng Ho, which explored as far as east Africa. It featured such literary classics as _The Romance of the Three Kingdoms_ and _The Golden Lotus_. For 10 points, identify this dynasty, which restored native rule to China in 1368 but which may be best known for its pottery. Answer: _Ming_ dynasty 9. His most dubious achievement was serving up both Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa's 16th home runs of 1998, while his best game was a 15-strikeout playoff performance aided greatly by umpire Eric Gregg. Born in Villa Clara, Cuba in 1975, this right-hander reached several high pitch counts under the tutelage of Jim Leyland last year. For 10 points, name this 1997 World Series MVP, a Florida Marlin whose half-brother pitches for the Yankees. Answer: _L_ivan _Hernandez_ 10. He left France at age 21, in search of a Khmer temple. He took some bas-reliefs from it back to Phnom Penh and was promptly arrested. Soon released, he organized the Young Annam League, precursor of the Viet Minh, and founded a newspaper, "Indochina in Chains." He spent 10 years as minister of culture under the Fifth Republic. On the 20th anniversary of his death, in 1996, his body was enshrined in the Pantheon in Paris. For 10 points, name this author and statesman whose works include _Museum Without Walls_, _The Voices of Silence_, and _Man's Fate_. Answer: [Georges] Andre _Malraux_ 11. Born in Grenoble, France in 1946, he died in 1993, shortly after his father's funeral. Along with Terry Funk and Dory Funk, Jr., this onetime WWF heavyweight champion wrestled in Japan. For 10 points, name this actor, best known for starring with Billy Crystal in two movies that made comedic use of his size. Answer: _Andre the Giant_ (Accept Andre _Rousimoff_) 12. Non-volatile memory that uses tiny, movable, circular areas within a magnetic material to represent data bits. A chamber that detects charged particles and other radiation by means of tracks of gas left in a liquefied gas. A sort that compares adjacent pairs of items in a list, swapping where necessary and repeating until the list is ordered. For 10 points, give the word that completes each of these terms, which itself describes a spherical body of gas trapped in a liquid. Answer: _bubble_ (When appropriate, accept _bubble [blank], where blank is one of the items in the question.) 13. When a contemporary suggested to him that Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and John Locke were the three greatest men who had ever lived, this American countered that Julius Caesar was greater than all three. Despite a heroic performance Yorktown, he is not remembered for his military career, nor for his role at the Constitutional Convention. His achievements include the Reports on Credit and Manufactures of 1790 and 1791, all written during his tenure as treasury secretary. For 10 points, name this rival of Thomas Jefferson. Answer: Alexander _Hamilton_ 14. In eight years of "annual reports" and exhibitions at the Seifert lamp factory, its members revived the woodcut as a major art form. They fused together French Fauvism and Primitivism into a new style which combined strong, flat colors with emotional imagery. For 10 points, name this school founded in 1905 by Karl Schmitt-Rotluff at the Dresden Technical School and named for a word that means "bridge." Answer: _Die Brücke_ (Accept _The Bridge_) 15. Suppose you wanted to visit the Western Hemisphere's oldest university, the seat of its oldest Catholic bishopric, and its oldest permanent settlement. You'd only have to go to one city, in whose cathedral you could find the reputed remains of Christopher Columbus, brought there ten years after it was founded as Nueva Isabella by his brother Bartholomew. For 10 points, name this capital, which for a time in this century was renamed Ciudad Trujillo. Answer: _Santo Domingo_ 16. In 1863 he received the first doctorate of engineering to be conferred in the US, for a thesis on the design of gearing. Appointed professor of mathematical physics at Yale in 1871, he developed statistical mechanics and also did worked in vector analysis. His series of papers "On the Equilibrium of Heterogenous Substances," in which he developed his phase rule, established the science of physical chemistry. For 10 points, name this theoretical chemist for whom a type of energy is named. Answer: Josiah Willard _Gibbs_ 17. Depressed and at odds with his family's wishes of a worldly education for him, he was about to commit suicide when the goddess Kali appeared to him and prevented his death. As a priest in her temple, he had visions of many other divinities and prophets, including Jesus and Mohammed. For 10 points, give the name taken by this mystic and acetic of Calcutta whose advocacy of a universal religion attracted followers all over India and led his disciple Vivekananda to found a worldwide mission in his name. Answer: _Ramakrishna_ Paramahansa 18. Dr. Schlichter von Koenigswald and Dr. Julian Castle battle disease at the 'House of Hope and Mercy in the Jungle' in the Republic of San Lorenzo in the Caribbean, while Earl McCabe and Lionel Boyd Johnson play a "game" where McCabe is dictator and Johnson is Bokonon, a prophet. The narrator, who instructs us to call him Jonah, thumbs his nose at "You Know Who" and is frozen in a block of the Dr. Felix Hoenikker invention, ice-9, in, for 10 points, what 1963 novel by Kurt Vonnegut Jr.? Answer: _Cat's Cradle_ 19. The collaborators behind this idea junked the entire concept on June 16. It had been hailed as a replacement for videocassette rentals: rent a movie for two days and then throw it away. Circuit City and its partner, an entertainment law firm, abandoned the venture because Hollywood studios wouldn't make enough movies for the format and video stores wouldn't carry it. For 10 points, what name was given to this single-use DVD product? Answer: _Divx_ 20. The Nubian Sandstone, located in northeastern Africa, is thought to be the world's largest. Another one, somewhat to the north, has become a major issue in the Isreali-Palestinian conflict and negotiatons. In fact, they are of great importance for farming, herding, and even urban life in all areas of the world, such as the Middle East and North Africa, which would otherwise be completely arid. For 10 points, name this type of water-bearing underground rock formation. Answer: _aquifer_ 21. Stravinsky spoke of "his iron will, which enabled him to seize destiny by the throat," and Tchaikovsky described him as a "musical Jehovah." His power and creativity have never been questioned, as his music thundered its way from purely Classical beginnings to an early Romantic style in his late period. The poignancy that marks the Seventh Symphony's allegretto movement may be an effect of the composer's encroaching deafness, though his Ninth inspired Bizet to remark, "the symphony with chorus is for me the culmination of our art." For 10 points, name this musical giant who wrote nine symphonies and one opera. Answer: _Beethoven_ Boston Summer Open Round 4 Questions by Virginia Tech BONUSES 1. For 10 points each, name these apologists for U.S. imperialism: A. This naval captain, author of _The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783_, persuaded many that America's destiny was to conquer the Pacific and build a canal across Central America. Answer: Alfred Thayer _Mahan_ B. This popular lecturer brought Darwinism to America and in 1885's _American Political Ideas_ promoted the notion that the "Anglo-Saxons" were genetically superior to all other peoples of the Earth. Answer: John _Fiske_ C. In the same year that Fiske's book appeared, this Congregationalist minister published _Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis_, a tract which argued that the conversion of non-Christians around the globe was the "Anglo-Saxons' divinely commissioned" duty. Answer: Josiah _Strong_ 2. For 10 points each, name these conjugal literary works: A. Made into an opera by Donizetti, this 1819 novel's titular heroine was named Lucy Ashton. Answer: The _Bride of Lammermoor_ by Sir Walter Scott B. Published in 1951, it was Marshall McLuhan's 1st novel. Answer: The _Mechanical Bride_ C. Set in Toronto, this Margaret Atwood novel was published in 1993. Answer: The _Robber Bride_ 3. 30-20-10. Name the band. A. John Rutsey, the band's original drummer, left after its first released album and was replaced by another drummer, who became the band's primary lyricist. B. Last year, this Canadian trio released a triple live album, "Different Stages," its 20th original album. C. Bassist/Singer Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson and drummer Neil Peart form this band, best known for its 1981 Moving Pictures album, which featured the hit "Tom Sawyer." Answer: _Rush_ 4. Name these ancient and Medieval African kingdoms for 10 points each: A. Beginning in the 1st century A.D., this kingdom of northern Ethiopia held power for seven hundred years. Emperor Ezana expanded its borders to include Kush, in modern day Sudan, and much of what is today Somalia. Answer: _Axum_ B. This empire of West Africa was founded by Sundiata, and reached its height during the 14th century under Mansa Musa. During his reign, its capital of Timbuktu became a center of Muslim culture and scholarship Answer: _Mali_ C. This was the largest of the former empires in the western Sudan region of northern Africa. Founded in what is now central Mali, it reached its height under Sonni Ali, who occupied Timbuktu in 1468. Answer: _Songhai_ 5. For 10 points each, give the common name of the substituent which replaces an H atom in the following monosubstituted benzene compounds; for example, toluene would be given for CH3. (Note to moderator: Read all letters, numbers and dashes separately.) A. OH Answer: _Phenol_ B. CH-CH2 Answer: _Styrene_ C. O-CH3 Answer: _Anisole_ 6. Test your knowledge of Freudian defense mechanisms. For 10 points each, given a condition suffered by Little Hans and its probable origin, diagnose the defense mechanism at work. A. Little Hans is afraid of horses in the street, because they remind him of his father, with whom he used to "play horse". Answer: _displacement_ B. Little Hans repeatedly accuses other children of being afraid of the horses, even though it is he himself who is afraid of the horses. Answer: _projection_ C. Little Hans grows up and starts a foundation for people injured by horses, because of his childhood fear of horses. Answer: _sublimation_ 7. Name these Renaissance figures whose artworks are overshadowed by their own writings on art, for 10 points each. A. Most of the mannerist sculptures of this Florentine goldsmith were melted down centuries ago, but his 1562 Autobiography inspired Berlioz to write an opera. It deals with his violent life and aesthetic ideas. Answer: Benvenuto _Cellini_ B. He was a fresco-painter and architect, but is known today for his 1500 _Lives of the Most Eminent Italian Architects, Painters and Sculptors_, which put the Florentines at the end of several centuries of progress. Answer: Giorgio _Vasari_ C. Known as the "Vasari of Venice", he promoted the school of his native city in his 1648 _Wonders of Art_ and his biography of Tintoretto. Answer: Carlo _Ridolfi_ 8. For 15 points each, name these outlandish philosophical doctrines. A. This theory was proposed by Arnold Geulincx [GUR-lin-ex] and elaborated by Nicholas Malebranche. Trying to solve the problem of mind-body interaction that arose in Cartesian philosophy, they proposed that a person's mind and body didn't interact at all, but only appeared to because, like two clocks, they had been wound up and synchronized by God so that their actions would appear to coincide. Answer: _ocassionalism_ B. Gottfried Leibniz was forced into adopting this hypothesis by his belief in windowless monads, which never interacted with one another, but nevertheless gave the appearance of cause-and-effect relationships. A more extreme version of ocassionalism, it has God winding up and synchronizing infinitely many clocks, each of them corresponding to a single physical point in the universe. Answer: _pre-established harmony_ 9. Give these science terms for 15 points on the first clue or 5 on the second: A. (15 points) A class of random access memory which uses an internal flip-flop to store each bit. Since the input bit is latched, refresh pulses are not required, and the data is retained even when the system clock stops. (5 points) The class of equilibrium characterized by a body or system at rest. Answer: _static_ B. (15 points) Assign a right-handed coordinate system to an airfoil, such that the x-direction points in the direction of the nose. This term describes rotation or movement about the y-axis. (5 points) The aspect of the tone quality of sound analagous to hue or color. Answer: _pitch_ 10. "We are offended, we are mortified, we are insulted by such a choice," says Helen Freedman, executive director of a Jewish group that has protested another Jewish group's selection of a certain politician to receive the Henrietta Szold Award. For 10 points each: A. Name the conservative group Freedman leads. Answer: _Americans for a Safe Israel_ B. Members of Americans for a Safe Israel burned a replica membership card for this Jewish women's humanitarian group. Answer: _Hadassah_ C. This Democrat stands to receive the award despite her previous comments in favor of an independent Palestinian state. Answer: _H_illary Rodham _Clinton_ 11. Name these Truman Capote works on a 5-5-10-10 basis. A. For 5 points, this novel's title is also a song by Deep Blue Something. Answer: _Breakfast at Tiffany's_ B. For 5 points, Truman's debut novel in which Joel Knox, the hero, arrives at his father's mansion at Skully's Landing and later achieves self-awareness at Cloud Hotel. Answer _Other Voices, Other Rooms_ C. For 10 points, this 1983 mishmash of reportage, autobiographical sketches and a nonfiction crime account, uses an experimental style. Answer: _Music for Chameleons_ D. For 10 points, Capote's death ended plans for this projected novel, which shares its name with a Garth Brooks song. Answer _Unanswered Prayers_ 12. Name these Boston sports stars from clues on a 5-10-15 basis. A. For 5 points, this former Holy Cross point guard led the Celtics to six World Titles in the 1950s and 1960s. Answer: Bob _Cousy_ B. For 10 points, this wrestler is a former WCW Television Champion and recently had World Tag Title reigns with two different partners. Answer: Perry _Saturn_ C. For 15 points, this 1914 Red Sox pitcher holds the record for lowest ERA in a single season among pitchers who pitched a minimum of 200 innings. Answer: Hubert "Dutch" _Leonard_ 13. Name these musical forms of the Middle Ages and early Baroque, for 10 points each: A. These unaccompanied choral compositions were based on a pre-existing melody and set of words, with added counterpoint. Its text was always sacred but, unlike those of the mass, not fixed by the liturgy. Answer: _Motet_ B. This was the motet's secular counterpart, developed into a sophisticated form by Monteverdi just before the cantata superseded it. Answer: _Madrigal_ C. This type of accompanied solo song was developed around 1600 by the Florentine Camerata as a reaction against the motet and madrigal. Its name emphasizes a contrast to polyphonic music and reliance on a single melodic line. Answer: _Monody_ 14. For 10 points each, name these trade laws which contributed to the tension between England and her American colonies: A. They stipulated, among other things, that all foreign goods shipped to the American colonies had to be shipped through English ports and carried on English ships. Answer: _Navigation Acts_ B. Passed in 1765 during the ministry of George Grenville, it was the first direct tax to be levied on the American colonies. Answer: _Stamp Act_ C. Passed in 1767, it was originated by the chancellor of the exchequer and was passed shortly after the repeal of the Stamp Act. It placed customs duties on imports of glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Answer: _Townshend Acts_ or _Townshend Duties_ 15. 30-20-10. Name the structure. A. Its components include the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus which relay somatic sensory information and the olivary nuclei which also relays information. B. Also known as the myelencephalon, it connects the brain with the spinal cord and contains the pyramidal decussation, where the axons controlling movement cross from one side to another. C. Inferior to the Pons, it is, according to Bobby Boucher's [boo-SHAY'S] professor, why alligators are ornery. Answer: _Medulla_ Oblongata (prompt on brain stem) 16. Name these U.S. cities for 10 points each: A. Founded by Connecticut puritans in 1666, it claims to be the third oldest major city along the eastern seaboard. Its industrial development began in the 1830s with the completion of the Morris Canal. Answer: _Newark_, New Jersey B. Recently voted one of America's "Most Livable Cities," it was only lightly settled in the early 19th century. In 1870, Dr. Benjamin Franklin Goodrich decided to relocate his factory to this area. Anwer: _Akron_, Ohio C. Natives of this city include economist Paul Samuelson, poet Carl Sandburg and actor Karl Malden. Answer: _Gary_, Indiana 17. After spending a decade in Switzerland and Spain, he returned to his native Argentina and brought the modernist movement to that country, but later turned to a style approaching magical realism. For 10 points each: A. Name this author of _Ficciones_ and other prose works. Answer: Jorge Luis _Borges_ B. What name did Borges give to the manifestation of modernism in Spanish-speaking countries, as exemplified by his free verse and complicated metrical innovations? Answer: _Ultraism_ C. This Peruvian befriended Pablo Neruda in Spain. In 1922, under the influence of Borges' "ultraism," he wrote _Trilce_, but later, in such works as _Human Poems_, he turned towards socialist realism. Answer: César _Vallejo_ 18. Identify the following about the Great Schism. A. For 15 points, the election of this man to the papacy by a mob-influenced College of Cardinals set off the crisis. Answer: _Urban VI_ B. For 10 points, Urban VI excommunicated this pope who was later elected by 13 French cardinals acting on their own. Answer: _Clement VII_ C. For 5 points, rather than continue to fight Urban VI in Rome, Clement VII instead shifted his base to this French city. Answer: _Avignon_ 19. Name the sociologists from clues on a 5-10-15 basis. A. For 5 points, the founder of the French school of sociology, his works include _The Division of Labor in Society_. Answer: Emile _Durkheim_ B. For 10 points, his theory of the "circulation of the elites" sought to explain certain forms of political change. Answer: Vilfredo _Pareto_ C. For 15 points, a nephew of Durkheim, his most influential work explored the legal, economic, religious and mythological aspects of giving and receiving. Answer: Marcel _Mauss_ (The work is The Gift) 20. Name these curves for 10 points each: A. The shape of a perfectly flexible chain suspended by its ends and acted on by gravity. Its Cartesian equation is y = a cosh(x/a). ["y equals a times the hyperbolic cosine of the quantity x divided by a."] Answer: _catenary_ B. The path of a point on a circle that rolls externally, without slipping, on another circle of equal radius. In polar coordinates, it has the equation r = a (1 - cos(theta)). ["r equals a times the quantity 1 minus the cosine of theta."] Answer: _cardioid_ C. In a 1694 article, it was described by Jakob Bernoulli as "shaped like...the bow of a ribbon," a description to which it owes its name. In polar coordinates, it has the equation r^2 = a^2 (cos(2( theta)) ["r squared equals a squared times the cosine of two theta."] Answer: _lemniscate_ of Bernoulli 10