ACF Regionals 2000
Questions by Kentucky A (Kelly McKenzie)

1. Its direct introduction can be accomplished via the oxo process or by the action with carbon dioxide of Grignard reagents, and can be introduced indirectly by the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. Present in many flavoring and perfume components, this divalent chemical unit is a constituent of acyl halides, quinones, amides, esters, and anhydrides, and is the characteristic functional group of ketones and aldehydes. FTP, name this functional group consisting of an oxygen atom and a carbon atom connected by a double bond.
	Answer: carbonyl group (do not accept metal carbonyl)

2. The dwarf Brokk was bit on the eyelid by Loki in the guise of a horsefly while making this item, and while Brokk wiped the blood out of his eye, the fire cooled, causing part of this item to be too short. It was once buried nine miles underground by Thrym, who would return it only if he could marry Freya, but its owner disguised himself as Freya and killed Thrym instead. After Ragnarok, this weapon, which hits any object at which it is thrown and always return to its owner, will be passed on to Modi and Magni. FTP, name this hammer wielded by Thor.
	Answer: Mjolnir (prompt on Thor's hammer)

3. This literary character helps to ruin the life of the chemistry student Alan Campbell, and his cruel treatment of his fiancée, the young actress Sibyl Vane, results in Sibyl’s suicide. Aided by his friend Lord Henry Wotton he leads a sensuous, hedonistic life until he murders the artist Basil Hallward, after which his withered corpse is found lying before a portrait depicting his former youth and beauty. FTP, name this title character of a novel by Oscar Wilde.
	Answer: Dorian Gray

4. This battle began at dawn when Joseph Hooker’s corps mounted an assault on Lee’s left flank. Fighting continued across Miller’s cornfield and around the Dunker Church until Union assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the Confederate center. Late in the day, Burnside’s corps crossed the battle’s namesake creek and rolled the Confederate right until A.P. Hill’s division arrived from Harper’s Ferry and saved the Confederate cause. FTP, name this September 17, 1862 battle, fought in Maryland, which halted the Confederate advance on Washington following Second Manassas.
	Answer: Antietam or Sharpsburg

5. The 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 11th sections of this work are "promenades" which link its other sections. "Cum mortuis in lingua mortua" is the second part of its "Catacombs" section, which, along with sections entitled "Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks", "The Gnome", "The Market Place at Limoges", and "The Bohatyr Gate of Kiev", serve as musical "reproductions" of ten pieces of art by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this composition by Modest Mussorgsky.
	Answer: Pictures at an Exhibition (or Kartinki s vistavki)

6. This scientist contributed to studies explaining the absorption properties of coals while a member of the British Coal Utilization Research Association, and after working with Jacques Mering, researched the structural changes caused by the formation of graphite in heated carbons. Before dying at age 37, this scientist collaborated on studies showing that the RNA in the tobacco mosaic virus is embedded in its protein and that RNA is a single strand helix, but she is best known for establishing the helical conformation and density of DNA. FTP, name this scientist who applied X-ray diffraction methods to the study of DNA.
	Answer: Rosalind Franklin

7. In the opening pages of the novel in which he appears, this character is feigning illness in a hospital, but the presence of the "soldier in white" and a hideously affable Texan drive him back to active duty. Greatly affected by the death of a young gunner named Snowden, this member of the Fighting 256th Squadron is last seen following the example of Orr, who crashed his plane in the Mediterrean and escaped from Pianosa to Sweden, but not before this character tries to claim insanity to avoid more bombing missions. FTP, name this captain described in Catch-22.
	Answer: Captain John Yossarian

8. This psychologist rose to fame with the article "Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations", based upon his experiences as a prisoner at Dachau and Buchenwald, but his reputation suffered after his death when it was revealed that he had fabricated his doctorate from the University of Vienna and that he had abused and misdiagnosed patients while head of the University of Chicago's Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School. FTP, name this author of Children of the Dream, Truants from Life, and Love Is Not Enough, best known for his work concerning emotionally disturbed children.
	Answer: Bruno Bettelheim

9. While attending the City College of New York, this man joined with Chandler Owen to found an employment agency, and in 1917 they established the Messenger magazine. Founder of the League for Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation, in 1963 he became director of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, twenty two years after he had organized a march on Washington which resulted in the establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Committee. FTP, name this activist who organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
	Answer: Asa Philip Randolph

10. This author of On the Rainbow and On the Calculation of Chances withdrew to the village of Rijnsburg shortly after his excommunication in order to organize his philosophy, the result being his Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being. He advocated use of the historical method for biblical interpretations in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, and published a version of Descartes' Principia Philosophiae, written in the same geometrical style which would be utilized in his most famous work. FTP, name this 17th century rationalist philosopher, best known for his Ethics.
	Answer: (Benedict) Baruch de Spinoza

11. Shown by Lord Rayleigh to arise from a cylindrical formulation of LaPlace's equation, forms of these functions had been studied by Daniel Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler, but they were not derived in full until 1817. Commonly combined to form Hankel and Neumann functions, they were used to study the three-body problem and later shown to appear in the mathematical descriptions of the diffraction of light, the motions of fluids, and many other physical phenomena. FTP, identify these functions designated J sub n, which are solutions to the equation x squared times y double prime plus x times y prime plus y times the quantity x squared minus n squared equals 0, named for a German astronomer.
	Answer: Bessel functions

12. A symbolic presentation of this author's life can be seen in his last play, The Great Highway, which was preceded by historical dramas like Erik XIV and Gustavus Vasa, the latter of which was a continuation of his first successful play, Master Olaf. Famous for works like A Dream Play and his Chamber Plays, which includes The Ghost Sonata, this author is probably best known for his naturalistic dramas, which were based in part upon his unsuccessful marriages. FTP, name this Swedish author of The Creditors, The Father, and Miss Julie.
	Answer: August Strindberg

13. Corrections to paintings of this type are often made via the secco process, and copies can be made using the techniques of strappo and stacco. Typically, after a scratch coat, brown coat, and sand coat are created, a preliminary sketch is pounced on the surface, and after the intonaco, or painting coat, is laid, the artist paints on the intonaco until the surface becomes too dry to accept new paint. Major examples can be found in the Arena chapel at Padua and the Sistine Chapel. FTP, name this type of painting in which the pigments become an integral part of a wall.
	Answer: fresco

14. This statesman served as archon under the Peisistratids, and after the overthrow of the tyranny he headed a faction opposed to Isagoras. Son of Megacles and grandson of a tyrant of Sicyon, he was briefly forced into exile when Isagoras called upon the support of Cleomenes I of Sparta, but he was soon able to return to Athens due to the popularity of his proposed political reforms, which divided the citizens of Athens into 10 phylai, or tribes, each of which contributed 50 members annually to the Boule. FTP, name this 6th century BCE reformer, who is credited with introducing ostracism, and is often called the founder of Athenian democracy.
	Answer: Cleisthenes of Athens

15. As described by Sakharov, the asymmetry due to this phenomenon in the first seconds of the big bang may explain the observed matter-antimatter ratio in the universe. Theoretical attempts to explain this phenomenon via the Kobayashi-Maskawa model and the super-weak model were motivated by the behavior of charged K mesons. The existence of the effect was proven in 1964 when James Cronin and Val Fitch demonstrated that the neutral K meson decayed a fraction of the time into only two pi mesons instead of three. FTP, name this phenomenon which occurs when certain conservation laws are violated.
	Answer: CP violation (or charge-conjunction parity violation)

16. In this poem, the poet wonders if it would be better to sport with Amaryllis in the shade then meditate the thankless muse, and the “pilot of the Galilean lake” derides shepherds who care more for their own well-being then for their sheep. A monody in which the author bewails a learned friend unfortunately drowned in his passage from Chester on the Irish seas in 1637, the poem begins “Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more / Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, / I come to pluck your berries harsh and rude.” FTP, identify this elegy on the death of Edward King, named for the lost shepherd in Virgil’s third Bucolic, and written by John Milton.
	Answer: Lycidas

17. One of this island’s unique political features is a 61 member regional parliament with the power to scrutinize its country’s National Assembly bills and propose amendments to those that apply to the island. A mountainous island with area 3,358 square miles and home to approximately 250,000 people, it has its capital at the west coast town of Ajaccio (a-jack-see-oh), and is the main base of the French Foreign Legion. FTP, name this Mediterranean island north of Sardinia, the birthplace of Napoleon.
	Answer: Corsica

18. This leader, whose mausoleum is called Gur-e Amir, began his military career by joining his brother-in-law Amir Husayn to defeat Ilyas Khoja and conquer Transoxania. During the next three decades, he used his mounted archers to subdue Persia, Georgia, the Tatar Empire, Damascus, and Syria, and in 1402 he captured Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara and won Anatolia, thus establishing a vast Asian empire with capital at Samarkand. FTP, name this great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan, the subject of Marlowe's first play, famous for the injuries he sustained in battle.
	Answer: Timur Lenk or Timur the Lame or Tamerlain or Tamburlaine

19. This artist's early style was influenced by Russian expressionism and cubism, as seen in Candles in the Dark. Known for depictions of his private life, as seen in the print series My Life, and for the surrealism inherent in works like Self-Portrait With Seven Fingers, this artist also served as art director of the Moscow Jewish State Academy in his hometown of Uitsyebsk, and designed the twelve stained-glass windows in the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center. FTP, name this artist of The Woman and the Roses, White Crucifixion, and I and the Village.
	Answer: Marc Chagall

20. Among their specialized types are cytotoxic and delayed hypersensitivity, both of which are categorized as effector types of these cells. Originating from bone marrow, the helper type carry receptors that recognize class II antigens and release interleukin-2, which in turn triggers the release of other cytokines, leading to a proliferation of B lymphocytes. FTP, name these principal agents of cell-mediated immunity which derive their name from the fact that they mature in the thymus.
	Answer: t-cells (prompt on lymphocytes)

OT1. This politician entered the national scene as a House Democrat in 1827, but in 1836 he became a Whig and rose to the position of Secretary of War under Harrison, but resigned after Tyler’s break with the Whigs. After 6 years of retirement, he became a senator from Tennessee, and despite his status as a large slaveholder, he championed the cause to limit slavery’s expansion into new territories. This, combined with his ardent support of the Union, led to his nomination for president in 1860, when he carried Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. FTP, name this only presidential candidate of the Constitutional Union Party.
	Answer: John Bell

OT2. These islands are home to many megalithic monuments, inlcuding taulas, navetas, and talayots. A sill near Cape Nao links this archipelago to the sub-Baetic mountains, of which it is an extension, and is composed of two groups of islands, the western of which is called Pitiusas and which includes Formentera and Ibiza. FTP, name this autonomous region of Spain with capital at Palma, whose principal islands are Minorca and Majorca.
	Answer: Balearic Islands (Islas Baleares)

OT3. This thinker proposed the reformulation of the major laws of physics so that all calculations can use complex numbers, and put forward a new model of the universe based upon entities he calls “twistors”. Author of Shadows of the Mind, he devised geometrical figures which cannot be constructed in 3-dimensions, as seen in several Escher lithographs, proposed the “cosmic censorship” hypothesis, and with Stephen Hawking developed the singularity theorems. FTP, name this English scientist, author of The Emperor’s New Mind.
	Answer: Roger Penrose

One possibility suggested for this man's identity was General du Bulonde, who, in 1691, raised the siege of Cuneo against the order of Catinat. He is now generally believed to have been Count Girolamo Mattioli, minister to the duke of Mantua, who refused to honor his promise to give up the fortress of Casale to the French. This replaced an earlier theory holding that this prisoner was the twin brother of Louis XIV. FTP, name this famous occupant of the Bastille, the subject of literary works by Zschokke, Fournier, and Dumas.
	Answer: The _Man in the Iron Mask_

This opera was an enormous success when it premered in Berlin in 1816, but was performed only fourteen times before the theater in which it was staged was destroyed by fire. It tells of a mysterious girl born in a palace of crystal on the bed of the ocean, who is raised by a fisherman and his wife in place of their own daughter, who had been lost as a baby. After marrying the handsome knight Uldibrand, Bertolda captivates Uldibrand's heart. Before Bertolda can marry Uldibrand, he has a change of heart and goes to embrace the heroine, but when he touches her, he turns into ice and dies, after which his grave is fed forever by the heroine's tears. FTP, name this opera, the masterpiece of E.T.A. Hoffmann.
	Answer: _Undine_

ACF Regionals 2000
Boni by Kentucky

1. FTP each, answer these questions about a 17th century English play.
1. In this play published in 1634, the Theban knights Palamon and Arcite vie for the love of Theseus’ sister-in-law Emilia. It is notably today largely because it was probably written in part by William Shakespeare.
	Answer: The Two Noble Kinsmen
2. The Two Noble Kinsmen was principally written by this dramatist, most famous for his collaborations with Francis Beaumont on plays like Philaster.
	Answer: John Fletcher
3. This author of A New Way to Pay Old Debts may have also had a hand in writing The Two Noble Kinsmen. Several of his plays were lost in the 18th century when a cook in the household of Bishop John Warburton used the manuscripts to line pie dishes.
	Answer: Philip Massinger

2. FTP each, answer these questions concerning the Yangtze River.
1. This second largest and most populous province of China is located in the Upper Yangtze Valley in Southwest China. Meaning “Four Streams”, its capital is Ch’eng-tu.
	Answer: Szechwan (or Ssu-ch’uan or Sichwan)
2. For 125 miles, the Yangtze traverses this region in eastern Szechwan and western Hupeh, where the Yangtze attains the greatest depths of any river in the world. This region is famous for the fantastic appearance of its steep limestone slopes and for a major dam project.
	Answer: Three Gorges
3. Crossing the lower Yangtze, this series of waterways in north China links Hang-chou and Peking. At 1,085 miles long, it is the world’s longest man-made waterway.
	Answer: Grand Canal (or Ta Yun-Ho or Da Yunhe)

3. FTP each, name these types of galaxies.
1. The three brightest galaxies in the Local Group are of this type, characterized by bright blue arms of stars, gas, and dust that extend from a central hub. If the hub is rectangular or cigar-shaped, then they are called barred types of these galaxies.
	Answer: Spiral galaxies
2. These are galaxies with small, bright nuclei which show broad, strong emission lines. Having active galactic nuclei that produce strong radiation, they are named for the astronomer who described them in 1943.
	Answer: Seyfert galaxies
3. Erroneously labeled early-type galaxies, this type of galaxy dominates the inner regions of most rich galaxy clusters and lacks the interstellar dust common in spirals and irregulars. They are also characterized by very red color due to a lack of recent star formation.
	Answer: elliptical galaxies 

4. FTP each, name these important mountains in Greek myth.
1. This central Greek mountain was revered by the ancient Greeks as the abode of Apollo, and Delphi lies on its southern face.
	Answer: Parnassus
2. This Boeotian mountain was home to the fountains of Aganippe and Hippocrene.
	Answer: Helicon
3. It was on this mountain, the highest on the island of Crete, that the judgment of Paris took place. In some legends it is also the birthplace of Zeus.
	Answer: Ida

5. Name these novels by South American authors from brief descriptions, FTP each. If you need the name of the author, you will only receive 5 points.
1. (10 points) Molina and Valentin develop a homosexual relationship while spending six months together in prison.
(5 points) Manuel Puig
	Answer: Kiss of the Spider Woman or El beso de la mujer arana
2. (10 points) This 1946 novel is a fictionalization of the assassination of Manuel Estrada Cabrera.
(5 points) Miguel Asturias
	Answer: The President or El Señor Presidente
3. (10 points) This 1982 work, the author's first novel, developed out of a letter to the author's grandfather.
(5 points) Isabel Allende (ah-YEN-day)
	Answer: The House of the Spirits or La casa de los espiritus
	
6. FTP each, answer the following questions concerning a set of British acts of which the American colonists were not too fond.
1. This set of 1767 acts included a revenue act which placed import duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and paint, as well as the American Board of Customs Act and the New York Suspending Act.
	Answer: Townshend Acts
2. This man attacked the Townshend Acts in his Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania. He later drafted the Olive Branch petition, but opposed the Declaration of Independence and refused to sign it.
	Answer: John Dickenson
3. Operating under the American Board of Customs Act, Lieutenant William Dadingston aroused hatred in Narragansett Bay by improperly seizing cargoes using this schooner. When it ran aground in June 1772, angry colonists boarded it, wounded Dudingston, removed the crew, and burned it to the waterline.
	Answer: HMS Gaspee

7. Name these seminal paintings by Picasso, FTP each.
1. Rilke called this Rose period painting "a tapestry lost in the universe". In the lower right is a seated woman, while in the left foreground are five circus performers, including Harlequin, who has Picasso's profile.
	Answer: The Family of Saltimbanques
2. Inspired by Cézanne's Bathers series, Picasso completed this painting in 1907. Depicting five women on a shallow, curtained stage with their bodies fractured into planes of color, it is sometimes cited as the first work of Cubism.
	Answer: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (or The Young Women of Avignon)
3. Picasso painted 44 variations on this Velasquez court scene, in which the Infanta Margarita, accompanied by the title people, dwarfs, a dog, and other members of the royal household, is being ceremoniously offered a drink of water, while the artist stands at his easel looking towards the viewer.
	Answer: Las Meninas (or The Maids of Honor)

8. Identify these terms from chemistry for the stated number of points.
1. (5 points) This is any atom, radical, or molecule in a complex which is bound to the central atom.
	Answer: ligand
2. (10 points) Derived from the Greek for “crab’s claw”, this is a single ligand which occupies more than one coordination position in a coordination compound.
	Answer: chelate or chelating agent
3. (15 points) These agents are groups of compounds capable of forming very stable coordination compounds with metalic ions, thus preventing their normal reactions. One of the major uses of chelating agents is to act as these agents.
	Answer: sequestering agents

9. FTP each, answer the following questions concerning Buddhism.
1. This sect, the “tradition of the elders,” is the sole survivor of the ancient Hinayana schools, and emphasizes the importance of pure thought and deed.
	Answer: Theravada
2. This branch of Buddhism, the “greater vehicle,” includes sects which range from philosophical schools to belief in the saving grace of higher beings or ritual practices and to practical meditative disciplines. Zen and Soka-gakkai are included in this branch.
	Answer: Mahayana
3. This is the earliest collection of Buddhist scriptures, which includes rules for monastic life and discourses like the Dhammapada.
	Answer: Tripitaka

10. In 334 BCE, Alexander the Great began his assault on the Persian empire. FTP each, identify these major battles that resulted.
1. This 334 BCE battle near the Hellespont was the first major battle. Despite having to cross a river during the attack, Alexander’s forces defeated the Persain advance guard.
	Answer: Granicus River
2. This 333 BCE battle in northern Syria saw the defeat of Persia’s poorly deployed cavalry and infantry. Alexander refused peace terms offered after this battle and continued his march towards Phoenicia.
	Answer: Issus
3. Fought near Arbela, in this 331 BCE battle Alexander outmaneuvered and defeated the Persians, forcing Darius III to flee to Hyrcania.
	Answer: Gaugamela

11. For the stated number of points, identify these major Japanese verse forms.
1. (10 points) Meaning “short poem” and similar to the Waka, this is the classic form of Japanese poetry, and seeks to convey the essence of one event. It is written in 5 lines of 5,7,5,7 and 7 syllables.
	Answer: Tanka
2. (5 points) This form, whose greatest practitioners included Basho, Buson, and Kobayashi Issa, contrasts a physical image with a phrase suggesting a season or emotion. It is written in 3 lines containing 17 syllables.
	Answer: Haiku
3. (15 points) Haiku developed for the hakku, the first verse of this form of poetry. Beginning as the composition of a single tanka, it developed into a linked-verse poem, typically 100 verses long, in which two or more poets supplied alternating sections, and its name appropriately means “linked-verse”.
	Answer: Renga

12. For the stated number of points, name these German philsophers from works.
1. (5 points) The Phenomenology of Spirit, The Philosophy of Right
	Answer: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
2. (10 points) The Essence of Christianity
	Answer: Ludwig Feuerbach
3. (15 points) Herr Eugen Duhring’s Revolution in Science, The Dialectics of Nature
	Answer: Friedrich Engels

13. FTP each, answer the following questions concerning chromosomes.
1. These are chromosomes having the same structural features. In diploid nuclei, pairs of these chromosomes can be identified at the start of meiosis.
	Answer: Homologous chromosomes
2. In this phenomenon, homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, but instead migrate to the same pole of the cell, resulting in an uneven number of chromosomes being present in the daughter cells.
	Answer: nondisjunction
3. This is a genetic disorder resulting from nondisjunction. An individual gains an extra chromosome, so that the usual karyotype of XY is replaced by XXY. Symptoms include underdeveloped testes, inferility, and some female characteristics.
	Answer: Kleinfelter's syndrome

14. Name these military lines for the stated number of points.
1. (5 points) This elaborate defensive barrier in northeastern France was constructed in the 1930s as a permanent defense against German attack. Featuring thick concrete walls, heavy guns, and capable of being supported by troops moved underground by rail, it was made useless when Germany simply invaded through Belgium.
	Answer: Maginot line
2. (10 points) This system of pillboxes and strongholds was positioned along the German western frontier in the 1930s. It served as an effective barrier during the German retreat from France in 1944, holding out against Allied assaults until the spring of 1945.
	Answer: Siegfried line
3. (15 points) This defensive barrier was established by the German army on the western front during World War I. Shortening their lines and installing pillboxes in support of heavily wired systems of trenches, this line resisted Allied attacks for nearly two years.
	Answer: Hindenburg line

15. Name these cool musical instruments, FTP each.
1. This is a keyboard instrument with hammers that strike steel plates, producing a tone similar to a glockenspiel.
	Answer: celesta
2. Named for a Russian engineer, this is a purely melodic electronic instrument typically played by moving a hand between two projecting electrodes.
	Answer: theremin
3. Although not typically used as a musical instrument, this percussion instrument is used in a famous act II chorus in Il trovatore, while Wagner called for 18 of them to be used in Das Rheingold.
	Answer: anvil

16. FTP each, name these American authors who all jumped to their deaths.
1. This author of “At Melville’s Tomb” and The Bridge jumped overboard from the ship that was returning him from Mexico, where he had been researching a poem on the Cortez-Montezuma story.
	Answer: Hart Crane
2. This poet known for Homage to Mistress Bradstreet jumped off a bridge into the Mississippi River.
	Answer: John Berryman
3. Sometimes the jumper is fictional. In this author’s novel Martin Eden, the title character realizes the hollowness of his pursuit of respectability through writing and jumps overboard into the South Seas.
	Answer: Jack London

17. Answer the following questions about U.S. history, FTP each.
1. This trail from Fort Laramie was established in late 1862 to provide a direct route from the east to the newly discovered gold mines of western Montana.
	Answer: Bozeman trail
2. When establishing his trail, Bozeman was either unaware or unconcerned that the trail cut through reserved Native American lands. This chief of the Oglala Teton Sioux led the Sioux and Cheyenne in resisting the construction of the trail, and by 1867 forced the US to withdraw from the region.
	Answer: Red Cloud (or Mahpiua Luta)
3. Red Cloud was able to close the Bozeman trail in December 1866 by instigating a massacre at this fort near the Platte River named for a leader in the Mexican War.
	Answer: Fort Kearny

18. FTP each, name these psychological terms.
1. In this process, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a reinforcer, until the neutral stimulus elicits a responce. A famous example concerns a dog which salivates when a bell is rung.
	Answer: classical conditioning or Pavlovian conditioning or Type-S conditioning
2. In classical conditioning, this term refers to behavior elicited by a specific, known stimulus.
	Answer: respondent
3. The opposite of respondent, this term denotes a response defined in terms of its effects on the environment. It is studied by a system of conditioning developed by B.F. Skinner.
	Answer: operant

19. FTP each name these types of particle accelerators.
1. Consisting of a large metal, dome-shaped terminal mounted on a hollow, insulating support, charge is sprayed by point discharges from metal needles onto the bottom of an insulating belt; a row of needles near the belt pulley then passes the charge to the outer surface.
	Answer: Van de Graaff generator
2. In this device, charged particles fed into the center are accelerated in an outward spiral inside two hollow D-shaped conductors. Accelerated each time they reach the gap between the D’s, a deflecting field directs the particles onto a target when they reach the perimeter of the D’s.
	Answer: cyclotron
3. This device accelerates particles in closed orbits by radio-frequency fields. The motion of the particles is automatically corrolated with a rising magnetic field to keep the particles in a constant orbit.
	Answer: synchrotron

20. FTP each, name these people and places found in the poetry of Robert Burns.
1. This sweetheart is believed to have been a woman named Campbell who died in 1788. She was the subject of many of Burns' poems, including "Thou Ling'ring Star".
	Answer: Highland Mary
2. This witch found in Tam O'Shanter has a name meaning "short skirt". The name is now used to describe short, plump women.
	Answer: Cutty Sark
3. Tam O'Shanter escapes from Cutty Sark by riding across a bridge spanning this Scottish river featured in many of Burns' poems.
	Answer: Doon

If you've been playing this game for any length of time then you can probably string together the words long, rump, and barebones in your sleep. FTP each, let's find out how much you know of things associated with these English parliaments.
1. Abolished by the Long Parliament in 1641, this civil and criminal court was primarily concerned with offenses affecting crown interests. Unpopular for its summary and arbitrary decisions, it often sat in a certain room in the Palace of Westminster, giving it its name.
	Answer: Star Chamber
2. On December 6, 1648, over 100 pro-Charles members of the Long Parliament were forcibly removed from the House of Commons by this army coup, leading to the formation of the Rump parliament.
	Answer: Pride's Purge
3. Unable to work with the Barebones Parliament, Oliver Cromwell engineered the inauguration of this period of English history running from December 16, 1653 until May 25, 1659, during which Cromwell and his son Richard served as virtual monarchs. Its fall led to the Restoration.
	Answer: English Protectorate