1.He developed improved methods of grinding and polishing telescope lenses that enabeled him to discover a satellite around Saturn, and to describe the rings of that planet in detail. To satisfy his need for precise time measurements, he wrote his 1673 book Horologium Oscillatorium (*) about the relationship between length of a pendulum and its period. FTP name this Dutch astronomer and physicist who discovered polarization and developed the wave theory of light. A: Christiaan Huygens 2. After studying under Robert Henri, he lived in Paris and exhibited at the Ashcan School. Until 1924 he did advertising work; his first major work was House by the Railroad,* which used light to insulate persons and objects in space and give off an inescapable feeling of loneliness. Early Sunday Morning and Second Story Sunlight continue these themes. FTP, name the American artist of Nighthawks. A: Edward Hopper 3. Ended by the Treaty of Fort Jackson, it began when a group of militants, the Red Sticks killed 533 frontiersmen at the Fort Mims Massacre.* Within a few months the villages of Talladega and Tallasahatchee had been destroyed. In March 1814, on the Tallapoosa River, Andrew Jackson defeated the Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. FTP, name the war, or the Indian tribe which started it. A: Creek War or Creeks 4. At the beginning of Mohammad's ministry he accepted three traditional Arabic gods as lesser deities who could intercede with God on behalf of believers; later his opinion changed, and the statement of the original view became known as this. The novel* begins with an Air India jet exploding over the English Channel, and caused controversy by casting doubt on Mohammad's divine status. FTP, name this Salman Rushdie novel that sent him into hiding for ten years. A: The Satanic Verses 5. Founded by Liu Pang, the empire expanded considerably under the rule of Wu Ti, which began in 141 BC. The civil service exam began, and the empire was stable for nearly 400* years. However, after the success of Pan Ch'ao against the Sinkiang rebels, the decadence of the state brought about its collapse. In 220 AD the Wei dynasty took over. FTP, name this Chinese dynasty, which shares its name with a river. A: Han 6. Based on Prosper Merimee's novel, the libretto, by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halevy differed greatly from the book. It introduced the character of Micaela,* and turned the shadowy Lucas into the bullfighter Escamillo. Don Jose degenerates from a simple peasant into a desperate brigand and muderer through his obsession with this woman. FTP, name the Bizet opera. A: Carmen 7. They publish their own newspaper, and produce melodramas, such as "The Witches Curse," for the enjoyment of the neighbors. Frequently repairing to the attic "when genius strikes," they are gently led by Marmee*, their mother. Beth dies tragically; Meg marries Laurie's tutor John Brooke; Laurie himself wants to marry Jo but eventually marries Amy. Jo herself marries Professor Bhaer. FTP, name this Louisa May Alcott work A: Little Women 8. His pen-and ink drawings mainly illustrated satirical drawings of high society, such as The Education of Mr. Pip and The Social Ladder. In 1900 Collier's Magazine paid him $50,000 a year in return* for a two page drawing each week. His sketches based on his wife illustrated the American ideal of femininity at the turn of the century. FTP, name this artist known for his eponymous "girl." A: Charles Dana Gibson 9. This battle featured the first cannons used in combat. After the battle, Edward, the Black Prince, went on to besiege Calais.* The attack was begun by Italian crossbowmen, who retreated into the French cavalry charge, throwing Philip VI's forces into chaos. The English use of the longbow proved decisive as Edward III's forces ravaged northern France. FTP, name this early decisive victory in the Hundred Years War. A: Crecy 10. A reflex event of highly limited length of time coinciding with increased respiration and heart rate, it is preceded by the flow of blood into the cavernosal artery and the stimulation of cyclic GMP by * nitrogen oxide. The autonomic nervous system then stimulates sympathetic nerve fibers to contract accessory organs, including the bulbocavernosus muscle, which completes the event. For ten points identify this process which concludes when powerful rhythmic contractions of the urethra expel semen from the erect penis. A. Ejaculation 11. In 1916, he became director of the Austro-Daimler Company; seven years later he moved the company to Stuttgart. During World War II he designed the Panther tank, and with his son Ferry* was responsible for the initial design of the Voklswagen in 1934. FTP, name this German engineer who designed sports and racing cars. A: Ferdinand Porsche 12. In 2001, she won the National Book Award for her novel In America, a fictional retelling of the life of the Polish actress Helena Modjeska. An editor of the workds of Barthes and Antonin Artuad, her novel The Volcano Lover* was published in 1993. Works of criticism include Styles of Radical Willm AIDS and its Metaphors, and Against Interpretation. FTP, name this 60's chic author of "Notes on 'Camp,'" published in the Partisan Review. A: Susan Sontag 13. Mayor Carter Harrison was there at the beginning of the evening and thought the rally tame; it only turned violent when Police Captain Bonfield, who was* anti-labor, marched cops to the meeting. August Spies and three others were hanged in November 1887, while three others were pardoned by Illinois Governor Altgeld six years later. FTP, name this Chicago labor riot. A: Haymarket Square 14. Conceived as consisting of twelve books, each portraying one of the twelve private moral virtues, only six were finished, among them the Legend of the Red Cross Knight:* the private virtues described were holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice, and courtesy. King Arthur sees Gloriana, based on Queen Elizabeth, in a vision and decides to seek her out. FTP, name this unfinished epic by Edmund Spencer. A: The Faerie Queen 15. The Parisian one was permanently closed on 21 Brumaire. Originating as the Club Breton at Versailles*, where the Estates-General met, when the National Assembly moved to Paris they began meeting in a Dominican convent. One of the leading instruments of the Reign of Terror, Robespierre dominated the Paris chapter. FTP, name this radical French revolutionary group, identified with extreme equalitarianism and violence. A: Jacobin Club 16. This artist's work focused on issues confronting modern middle-class American life, which was just beginning to feel the effects of mass media. Influenced heavily by Richard Hamilton, this artist produced brash and bold close-ups of simple subject matter in strongly stylized patterns using circles and dots* associated with cheap newpaper printing . His subject matter often included glamorized action heros and blonde heroines, as seen in his In the Car. FTP, name this artist who was known for his comic strip style in works such as Whaam! A: Roy Lichtenstein 17.Associated with both Salvador Dali and Manuel de Falla, he disliked publishing his work, preferring to recite it. After the success of Book of Poems and Gypsy Ballads,* he went to the United States for a year, after which he wrote the Poet in New York. His elegy for a dead bullfighter "Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias" contains the haunting repitition "at five in the afternoon." Near the beginning of the Spanish Civil War he was shot. FTP, name this author of the House of Bernarda Alba. A: Federico Garcia Lorca 18. Expelled from Phillips Academy, he taught briefly at the Michigan Military Academy before failing in both Chicago and Idaho. In 1911, his first story, Under the Moons* Of Mars, was published. The next year the first of 25 books in a series appeared. FTP, name this creator of Tarzan. A: Edgar Rice Burroughs 19. President Truman fired Louis Johnson as Defense Secretary in June 1950 and replaced him with this man, who had previously attempted, in 1946, to mediate between the warring forces in China. As chief of operations for the American Expeditionary Force in France in 1918, he planned the successful Meuse-Argonne offensive. FTP, name the Chief of Staff of the United States Army during World War II, and namesake of the European Recovery Program. A: George Marshall 3. A leader of the Catastrophist group of poets in interwar Poland, he was active in resistance to the Nazis. After the war, while secretary for cultural affairs at the Polish embassy in Paris, he defected. His works include The Seizure of Power, on the 1944 Warsaw uprising, and the Captive Mind, an analysis of the sell-out of Polish intellectuals to Communism. FTP, name this winner of the 1980 Nobel Prize for Literature. A: Czeslaw Milosz Name the Solzhenitsyn works from clues FTPE. 1. Never published in the Soviet Union, it centers on Kostoglotov, who is dying of the title disease and comes to terms with his death. Cancer Ward 2. Set in Kolyma, it explores the survival techniques of prisoners in a slave-labor camp above the Arctic Circle. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 3. Subtitled "An Experiment in Literary Investigation" it explores the network of slave labor camps that dotted the Soviet Union. Gulag Archipelago Answer the following questions about Horace Greeley FTPE. 1. Greeley edited this influential anti-slavery newspaper for 30 years. New York Tribune 2. Though a founder of the GOP, Greeley split from the party to run as the Democratic candidate against Grant in this year. 1872 3. Of the 23 defendants at the Nuremberg Trials only one was named after a Democratic presidential candidate. Name him, the president of the Reichsbank from 1931-1938. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht Identify the following types of spectroscopy from descriptions, fifteen points each. A. This type of spectroscopy measures the photons released by atoms as electrons in an excited state decay to lower levels. Emission Spectroscopy B. Often used in connection with the Beer-Lambert Law, this type of spectroscopy measures the energy required to excite electrons to higher levels in atoms when they are exposed to light. Absorption Spectroscopy Black leaders. Clues. TPE. 1. The founder of the United Negro Improvement Association and the Black Star Company, this Jamaican Black Moses was the first great black nationalist. Marcus Garvey 2. The leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he threatened a march on Washington in 1942 unless FDR made concessions to black workers. Philip Randolph 3. One of the founders of the NAACP, he edited their magazine, the Crises, taught at universities, and died a member of the Communist Party in Ghana. W.E.B. DuBois Name these leaders of the Protestant Reformation FTPE. An Augustinian friar, his works include Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and 95 theses at Wittenberg. Martin Luther 2. A priest at the Great Minster in Zurich, he rejected fasting and priestly celibacy and was killed in the Battle of Kappel in 1531. Ulrich Zwingli 3. Taking the mantle of the Reformed tradition from Zwingli, he attempted to turn Geneva into a Christian state and wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion. John Calvin Name the author 30-20-10. 30. In 1861, his second wife died when she set her dress on fire; he wrote little after this, such as the trilogy Christus. 20. A professor of modern languages at Harvard, he wrote the Wreck of the Hesperus and Tales of a Wayside Inn. 10. Perhaps the most popular 19th century American poet, he wrote Evangeline, The Song of Hiawatha, or Paul Revere's Ride. A: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Identify the following classes of steroisomers from descriptions, ten points each. A. Two molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Enantiomers B. Stereoisomers that are NOT mirror images of one another. Diastereomers C. Though they contain stereocenters, these compounds have an internal symmetry which renders them achiral. Meso compounds Name these figures from Egyptian history from clues FTPE. 1. The first known architect, he built the first pyramid for Zoser and later became a god. Imhotep 2. He transfered the capital to Amarna in his attempt to impose a monotheistic religion based on worship of the sun. Amenhotep IV or Akhenaten 3. Apparently the son-in-law of Akhenaton, he died at the age of 18 and is mainly known for his tomb, discovered in 1922. Tut or Tutankhamen Name the opera singers from clues FTPE. 1. Her Met debut came in Un Ballo in Maschera, twenty years after she sang at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington after being refused entry into Constitution Hall. Marian Anderson 2. Single-handedly reviving the bel canto tradition, she was known for her facility in Bellini and Donizetti works as well as for her affair with Aristotle Onassis. Maria Callas 3. Born in New Zealand, she made her Covent Garden debut in 1971 and continues to perform today. Kiri Te Kanawa American poets. 20th Century. TPE. 1. Disliking capital letters, he wrote Tulips and Chimneys and The Enormous Room, and spent time in jail in France in WWI. e.e. cummings 2. A leader of the Imagist movement, she wrote A Dome of Many-Colored Glass and Sword Blades and Poppy Seeds. Amy Lowell 3. Engaged at one point to Hilda Doolittle, he was jailed after WWII for pro-Fascist broadcasts and spent 50 years writing the Cantos, winning the first Bollingen Prize. Ezra Pound FTPE, name the art teacher given the famous pupil. a. Michelangelo ANSWER: Ghirlandaio b. Raphael ANSWER: Perugino c. Leonardo Da Vinci ANSWER: Verrocchio Give the Walter Scott novels from clues FTPE. 1. Effie Deans is seduced by George Staunton. After the baby disappears, Effie is convicted of murder, though in reality the boy did not die and later shoots George. Heart of Midlothian 2. Set in the period of the Norman Conquest, Wilfrid wants to marry Rowena, and eventually does so, though Rebecca the Jewess loves him. The book climaxes in a great castle fire. Ivanhoe 3. A series of 32 novels, named after the first, which is about Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobite uprising of 1745. Waverley When given the city, name the NHL franchise located there FTPE. 1. Minnesota Wild 4. Carolina Hurricanes 2. Columbus Blue Jackets 5. Phoenix Coyotes 3. Vancouver Canucks 6. Boston Bruins Answer the following about the recent crisis in Argentia FTPE. 1. Succeeding Carlos Menem as President in 1999, he was forced to resign in December when Argentina defaulted on its debt. Fernando de la Rua 2.After three interim presidents, this man looks as if he will last more than a week, though it is still unknown if he can deal with the currency crisis. Eduardo Duhalde 3. Argentina has a dollar-based currency. The other South American country with that standard is this small one on the Pacific, with capital at Quito. Ecuador Name the composer from clues 30-20-10. 30. He wrote one oratorio, Christ on the Mount of Olives, and one ballet, the Creatures of Prometheus. 20. His thirty-two piano sonatas have names like Les Adieux, Pathetique, Appassionata, and Hammerklavier. 10. This deaf German wrote nine symphonies, among them Eroica, Pastorale, and Ode to Joy. A: Ludwig von Beethoven Given a muscle, state what part of the body it would be found. 1. Biceps Femoris Thigh (prompt on leg) 2. Trapezius Lower back 3. Flexor carpi radialis Forearm (prompt on arm) Given a geologic time period, state whether it is an Eon, Epoch, Era, or Period. 1. Quaternary Period 2. Holocene Epoch 3. Phanerozoic Eon While the Roman Empire had been gone for 1500 years by the time Henry Ford made the Model T, that hasn't prevented automakers from looking to Latin for names of their cars. FTPE, give the Latin word that names these types of cars from their English translations. 1. "I roll" Volvo 2. "Listen!", an imperative form equivalent to German "Horch!", the name of the car which it replaced. Audi 3. "Let it be done", the jussive passive form of the verb meaning to do. Fiat