1.  LITERATURE—NON-EUROPEAN

Tossup:
During the 1990’s, both former UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar and this man ran for president of their home country of Peru.  Both of them lost to Alberto Fujimori.  Name this novelist whose perfectly good book Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter was adapted into the horrible film Tune In Tomorrow.

answer: Mario Vargas Llosa

Bonus:

During the summer of 2001, this Mexican novelist said of  George W. Bush: “What horrors has this poor man committed, this very dull-witted, very mediocre man, but with a demon behind him named Dick Cheney?"  For 10 points, identify the author of The Death of Artemio Cruz and The Old Gringo, which was also adapted into a horrible film.

answer: Carlos Fuentes

The book considered Fuentes’ masterwork is this Epic, which spans 20 centuries of Spanish-American history centered around the building of the Escorial Palace by Spanish King Felipe II.

answer: Terra Nostra

For ten more points, The Old Gringo was a fictionalized account of the last days of this American author, who disappeared in his seventies during the Mexican Civil War.  For ten more points, identify this author of The Devil’s Dictionary.

answer: Ambrose Bierce

2.  BIOLOGY

Tossup

This disease is only found among the Fore people and related ethnolinguistic groups in Papua New Guinea. The first symptoms of the disease include joint pain and headaches and are typically are followed by a loss of coordination, tremor, dementia, and eventually death.  FTP name this “laughing sickness” whose transmission is attributed to the cannibalistic rituals of mourning in which the brain of the dead is handled and eaten.

answer:  Kuru

Bonus

The 1997 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Stanley Prusiner “for his pioneering discovery of an entirely new genre of disease-causing agents.”  For 10 points give the general name for these infectious disease-causing agents.

answer: Prions

For ten points, prions are believed to cause kuru, mad cow disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and this disease, common in sheep, which takes its name from the incessant rubbing into fenceposts infected animals were prone to do.

answer: Scrapie

This very rare inherited disease also has been linked to prions, which damage the thalamus, the section of the brain responsible for sleep.  Sufferers experience hallucinations, paranoia, and finally die of lack of sleep.  Name it for ten points.

answer: FFI or Fatal Familial Insomnia

3.  MISCELLANEOUS—GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Tossup
It ran nearly seventy blocks underneath Sixth Avenue in Manhattan—from Columbus Circle to 125th Street without stopping.  Although it no longer runs as an express, it was immortalized in a 1941 Billy Strayhorn jazz classic.  What letter designated this route, “the quickest way to get to Harlem”?

answer: (“Take the A Train”)

Bonus

Although the New York City subways are now known by simple numbers and letters—the #4 travels under Fifth Avenue, the #1 under the former World Trade Center, and so on—before the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) took over the subways, three competing transit agencies operated the lines, which is why some are still referred to by these names.  One was the Independent or IND system, and the other two are referred to by abbreviations.  For five points per word and a free ride, give the full names of the systems abbreviated IRT and BMT.

answer: Interborough Rapid Transit and Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit

4.  HISTORY—AMERICAN

Tossup

“In your guts you know he’s nuts” was the Democratic response to “In your heart you know he’s right”, which he used as a campaign slogan during his unsuccessful run for the presidency in 1964.  FTP, name this late Arizona Senator and 1964 presidential candidate.
 
answer: Barry Goldwater

Bonus

Five states will not get their commemorative state quarter until 2008, when the final five in the series of 50 will be issued.  For five points each, with an additional five in the correct order, name the states whose quarters will be issued that year.

answer: Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska, Hawaii

5.  HISTORY—WORLD

Tossup
	
Its name means ‘southern capital’ in Chinese, as opposed to Beijing, the ‘northern capital’, and served as the capital of Nationalist China as late as 1949.  FTP, name this city, thousands of whose residents perished under Japanese occupation in the 1930s and 40s in its “rape.”

answer: Nanking OR Nanjing

Bonus:

As if that weren’t enough, nearly two hundred thousand Asian women, mostly Korean, were lured or kidnapped into sexual slavery by the Japanese armed forces during World War II.  For fifteen points, what two-word phrase was used to describe these captives?

answer: Comfort Women

A 1956 book called The House of Dolls, written in Yiddish by a concentration camp survivor, described this German analogue to Japanese comfort women as a “line of huts where women conscripts were to service German soldiers with sexual pleasure.”  For fifteen more points, what two-word phrase described these units, and inspired a monumentally depressing Manchester band to adopt it as their name in 1976?

answer: Joy Division

6.  LITERATURE—AMERICAN

Tossup

This western literary movement shares its name with the English name of an early Chinese religion that explained the universe in terms of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements.  FTP name this movement, typified the study of human reactions in difficult situations, and the writing of Frank Norris and Stephen Crane.

answer: Naturalism

Bonus

An Eastern poetic form that has become very popular in the West is the haiku.  Identify the one word subject of the following haiku after the first line for 30 points, after the second line for 20 points, and after the third line for 10 points.

(30)	Edgar and William
(20)	Tarzan and William Tell Tales
(10)	Last names are the same

answer: Burroughs

7.  PHYSICS

Tossup:

In order to avoid the ridiculous result that hot bodies radiate an infinite amount of total energy, this German scientist suggested in 1900 that light, x-rays, and other waves could not be emitted at an arbitrary rate but only in certain packets called quanta. For 10 points name this scientist who now has a fundamental constant, value 6.626 x 10 –34, named after him.

Max PLANCK

Bonus:

Physical constants, such as Plancks constant, and mathematical constants are useful if one wants to be an expert safecracker.  The physicist Richard Feynman recounted how he was able to crack the safes that held the secrets to the a-bomb by knowing that the mathematician Frederick d’Hoftmann was just the kind of person to use a mathematical constant for his combination.  The combination was the first six numbers of e.  If the combination consisted of 3 two digit numbers, what was it?

answer:	27-18-28	(5 points for each number)

Feynman first tried Pi as his combination.  What combination did Feynman try?

answer: 31-41-59	(5 points for each number)

8.  SOCIAL SCIENCE—GEOGRAPHY/DEMOGRAPHY

Tossup

There are only three cities on earth with a building of over 100 stories.  New York and Chicago are pretty obvious, but the third probably isn’t.  In which Asian metropolis would you find the 105-story Ryugyong Hotel, rarely seen by foreigners and reputed to be little more than an empty concrete shell?

answer: Pyongyang, North Korea (PRK)

Bonus

Depending on whom you ask, North Korea has the world’s fourth or fifth largest army.  Of the top ten, large nations like China, the United States, India, and Russia are no-brainers to round out the top five.  For five points each, with a five-point bonus for all five correct, give the five nations whose armies rank sixth through tenth, all of them Asian—three in the Middle East, one in Central Asia and one on the Pacific coast.

answer: South Korea (Republic of Korea), Turkey, Israel, Pakistan, Iran

9. ENGINEERING/MATH/TECHNOLOGY/COMPUTER SCIENCE

Tossup
	A contemporary of Blaise Pascal, he died in 1665.  After having the dubious distinction of having the theorem with the largest number of published false proofs, (over 1000 between 1908 and 1912 alone) a connection to the Taniyama-Shimura problem allowed his Last Theorem was finally proven in 1993 .  Name this French lawyer and amateur mathematician.

answer: Pierre de Fermat

Bonus

Visual Bonus: see attached page.

The following is an electrical circuit diagram.  On it you will see four components labeled A, B, C, and D.
For five points each, identify them.  [Moderator:  (allow 10 seconds after receipt of visual)]

answer: 	(A) Diode, (B) Ground, (C) Resistor, (D) Transformer (do not accept “two inductors")

For ten points, the entire schematic is of the “bridge” type of what electronic device?

answer: 	Rectifier (prompt on AC->DC converter or similar answers)	

10.  GEOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ENVIRONMENT/ASTRONOMY

Tossup
	Primary, secondary, and tertiary are alternate forms of the ordinal numbers first, second, and third.  For 10 points, what ten-letter word follows tertiary in that list, and is also used to name our present geologic period?

answer: Quaternary

Bonus

The early Quaternary period is of course better known as the “Ice Age”, or more formally the Pleistocene Epoch.  As would befit any good Quaternary epoch, the Pleistocene is divided into four distinct glacial periods, all named after US states.  For five points, give these four periods.

answer: Wisconsinian, Illinoian, Kansan, Nebraskan 

For five additional points each, give both the Era and the Eon in which the Quaternary period is contained.

answer: Cenazoic ,  Phanerozoic

11. SOCIAL SCIENCE/SOCIOLOGY/ARCHAEOLOGY/ANTHROPOLOGY/
PSYCHOLOGY/ LINGUISTICS

Tossup
This Latin phrase is commonly used when referring to objects at a given dig site that have not been disturbed.  FTP, what is this two-word phrase meaning literally “in position”?

Answer: _In Situ_

Bonus

This subfield of archaeology was more or less invented by the Russian paleontologist and sometime science-fiction author Ivan Antonovich Efremov in 1940; it concerns the processes of decay and decomposition of organisms and their transformation into fossils.  For 10 points, what is this field, whose name is taken from the Greek for “grave”?

answer: Taphonomy

Efremov’s original paper on taphonomy specifically concerned the transit of organisms between two of the earth’s subsystems or “spheres.”  For ten points each, give both, one referring to the living things of the earth, and the other to the land of the earth.

answer: Biosphere, Lithosphere

12.  SOCIAL SCIENCE—ECONOMY/BUSINESS

Tossup

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is an average of thirty stocks, but when first published in 1896 it included just twelve stocks.  Of those, only one remains in the Dow Jones under its original name.  FTP, name this parent company of NBC, no. 5 on the Fortune 500.

Answer: General Electric (GE)

Bonus

Of the Fortune 500 top ten, only three companies use a single letter for their New York Stock Exchange symbol: F, C, and T.  Two more letters—I and M—are unused, and are reportedly being held for the two Dow Jones stocks that do not currently trade on the NYSE, should they ever decide to do so.

For five points each, with a five point bonus for all five, give the three corporations represented by the NYSE symbols F, C, and T—one industrial, one communications, one financial—and the two technology companies rumored to have the letters I and M reserved for them.

answer: Ford Motor Company, Citigroup, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), Intel, Microsoft

13. HUMANITIES/FILM/VIDEO/STAGE

Tossup

Sometimes movies are so good they get movies made about them.  In 1999, James Cromwell and John Malkovich, among others, starred in an HBO film about the making of RKO 281, studio shorthand for the Orson Welles film better known, FTP, by what title?

answer: Citizen Kane

Bonus

Sometimes movies are so bad they’re good, and then get movies made about them.  The subject of the 1995 documentary Look Back in Angora, and the director of 1959’s Plan Nine from Outer Space, was immortalized (sort of) by Tim Burton’s 1994 opus starring Johnny Depp and Martin Landau.  For ten points, name the director for which the film was named.

answer: Ed Wood (Edward D Wood Jr.)

Plan Nine from Outer Space was the last film in which he appeared; he died in 1959 in the middle of filming and was replaced by a significantly taller actor who slouched and concealed his face with a cloak.  Name this Dracula star who had seen better days.

answer: Bela Lugosi

Ed Wood used this hulking Swedish actor in his films as Plan 9, Night of the Ghouls, and Bride of the Monster.
Name this wrestler and Z-movie star, for a final ten.

answer: Tor _Johnson_

14. SOCIAL SCIENCE—POLITICAL SCIENCE/LAW/GOVERNMENT

Tossup

As a ten-term Illinois congressman, he tried and failed to win the Republican presidential nomination.  He then decided to run as an independent, but that wasn’t enough to spoil the race for Reagan. Name this winner of almost six million popular votes in 1980.

answer: John Anderson

Bonus

If you think three presidential candidates is a mess, try four.  In 1860, the Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated the Democrat Stephen Douglas, and the rest, as they say, is history (or, in this case, social science).  But Douglas actually finished a distant fourth in the electoral vote, winning only two states and 12 votes.  

For 10 points each, identify the other two losing candidates who finished ahead of him—one the Southern Democrat and sitting Vice President who won 72 votes, and the other a Tennesseean and ex-Whig who won 39 votes.

answer: John C Breckinridge, John Bell

For a final ten, name Bell’s party in that election.

answer: Constitutional Union Party

15. HUMANITIES/ART/ARCHITECTURE

Tossup

The grandson was “velvet” for his still lifes and landscapes--some with Rubens. The son was known as “Hell” and was fascinated with hobgoblins, fire, and grotesque figures, painting works such as “Village Fair” and “The Crucifixion.” He also copied his father’s dark paintings of death and misery such as “Dulle Griet (Mad Meg)” and “The Triumph of Death.”  For ten points, give the surname of these Flemish painters, named Jan, Pieter, and Pieter.

answer: Brueg(h)el

Bonus

Let’s see if you know your cathedral parts.  For 10 points each:

The term used for the central aisle of a cathedral, although often used to refer to that portion of the church between the atrium and the altar and reserved for the laity?

answer: Nave

The portion of the church intersecting the nave at a right angle, thus forming the cruciform building plan and occasionally providing additional space for altars and chapels?

answer: Transept

Finally, the termination at the sanctuary end of a church, traditionally at the eastern end of the building and housing the altar, the bishop’s throne, and the seats of the clergy?

answer: Apse

Five points if “flying buttress” was given as an incorrect answer for any question.  It wouldn’t be right if we didn’t work a flying buttress in there somewhere.

16.  MISCELLANEOUS SPORTS/GAMES

Tossup

Ernest Hemingway never recovered from a nasty self-inflicted shotgun wound.  However, this cyclist who received a near fatal shotgun wound in a 1987 hunting accident came back and won the 1989 Tour de France. For 10 points name this cyclist who was the first American to win the Tour de France.

answer: Greg Lemond

Bonus

The Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx (MERX) and the Irish cyclist Stephen Roche are the only cyclists in history to have won these three races in a single season. In the sport of cycling some consider these three races to constitute a Triple Crown.  For 10 points each name these three races.

Answer: Tour De France, Giro D’Italia (Tour of Italy), World Championships

17.  MISCELLANEOUS—CURRENT EVENTS

Tossup

It was founded in 1996 and is still subsidized by the emir of Qatar, a small oil-rich Persian Gulf peninsula, although is nominally independent of the Qatari government.  It has been recently accused of being a mouthpiece for Osama bin Laden and the Taliban .  FTP, identify this 24-hour satellite channel, whose name  is Arabic for “the peninsula”.

answer: Al-Jazeera

Bonus

Qatar has also been in the news as the only member state of the World Trade Organization willing to host its next ministerial conference in the wake of 1999’s “Battle in Seattle”.  For 10 points, the 2001 ministerial will be held in what small city of 230,000 that serves as the Qatari capital?

answer: Doha

The last G-8 summit in Genoa, Italy didn’t fare much better than the WTO ministerial, ending up either a public relations nightmare, a bloodbath, or both, depending on whom you ask.  As host of the next G-8 summit, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien has elected to hold the meeting at, for ten points each, in what area of what province of the Canadian Rockies?

answer: Kananaskis, Alberta

18.  MISCELLANEOUS—FRINGE CULTURE

Tossup

Although it was most often done for ceremonial reasons, a group of Christian orthodox Russians called the Skoptzies, led by Gyorgi Malenkov, did this in order to return to their “Garden of Eden” state, and so did Hungarian Janos Kadar, prior to consuming his testicles in a goulash. (**)  For ten points, name this act, no longer mandatory for participation in boy’s choir.

answer: castration 

BONUS

The originators of the UNIX operating system have a subculture of their own.  Identify these figures, FTP each.

Along with Ken Thompson, this man created UNIX, interspersing the code with such comments as “you’re not expected to understand this.”

answer: Dennis Ritchie

Refusal to password his account at MIT or wear shoes is typical of this GNU (Guh-new) project founder and creator of emacs (e-macks).

answer: Richard Stallman

Every Sun computer is encoded with the birthday of this creator of BSD Unix, and chief scientist of Sun Microsystems, who invented the vi editor, free UNIX, and “biff,” the first program to announce “You have mail” (Biff was a friend’s dog, who barked at the mailman)

answer; Bill (William) Joy

19.  HUMANITIES/MUSIC/DANCE

Tossup

There are three types of strings, called the drone, sympathetic, and playing, for a total of 17 or 18 in all, and usually includes a large gourd and a smaller one on the neck.  Possibly based on imported instruments, it was invented around 1750, when some of the earliest music for it was written, including the Razakhani Gat by Raza Khan.  For ten points, name this difficult-to-play instrument, favorite of Ravi Shankar.

answer: Sitar
 
Bonus

Since its premiere it has seen a number of famous incarnations, including the theme song for BBC’s coverage of the 1990 World Cup in England and, more recently, as performed by Aretha Franklin at the 1998 Grammy Awards, even though it is sung from the perspective of a male.  What is the two word title of this Puccini aria, Italian for “no one sleeps”?

answer: Nessun dorma

For 10 points, Nessun dorma is found in this last, unfinished, Puccini’s opera, named after its central character, a cold-hearted Chinese princess.

answer: Turandot

When Turandot premiered at La Scala in 1926, the conductor laid down his baton after the last bar actually finished by Puccini and turned to the audience, announcing that here was where Puccini’s opera ended.  After a long standing ovation, the audience left; the rest of the opera was not performed until the next night.  For 10 more points, identify the conductor that night at La Scala, who several years later became famous to millions of Americans as the maestro of the NBC Symphony.

answer: Arturo Toscanini

20.  HISTORY—EUROPEAN

Tossup:

A first was attained by Nicholas Breakspear from St Albans in 1154--he became the first of his countrymen to ascend to this office.  FTP, what title did he assume as Adrian IV, so far the only Englishman ever to have done so?

answer: Pope

Bonus:

Apparently Englishmen make much better kings than they do popes.  Although Queen Elizabeth II has reigned in Great Britain since the 1950’s, nothing lasts forever.  If her son Prince Charles were to succeed her as King Charles, what number Charles would he then become?

answer: Charles III

If instead his oldest son Prince William became king, either now or later, what number William would he then become?

answer: William V

Finally, should something happen to William and his little brother Prince Henry become king, what number Henry would he then become?

answer: Henry IX

EXTRAS
 CHEMISTRY

Tossup:

If ether is used in the extraction process, this is produced when sodium bicarbonate and boiling water are mixed with a hydrochloride derived from the coca plant. Its use of volatile substances makes it more dangerous than crack cocaine. For 10 points name this form of cocaine that is smoked for its intense high.

answer: Freebase       

Bonus

Speaking of harmful substances, for 10 points each, name the poison from which the following Shakespearean characters died.

Cleopatra			

answer: Snake OR Asp Venom
	
Hamlet’s father Claudius	

answer: Henbane
	
Romeo Montague		

answer: Deadly Nightshade OR Belladonna

LITERATURE—ENGLISH LANGUAGE (non-US)

Tossup:

In 1966, the Boston Globe said of him, “James Joyce is not dead.  He is living in Montreal,” and in 1987 he was voted one of the Ten Sexiest Men in Canada.  Although he won acclaim with several books of poetry and two novels—The Favorite Game and Beautiful Losers—it was not until 1967 that he moved to Nashville and embarked on the musical career for which he is now more widely known.  FTP, identify this one-time Zen monk and author of “Sisters of Mercy” and “Bird on a Wire.”

answer: Leonard Cohen
 
Bonus:

Occasionally, musicians follow Cohen’s lead in converse, figuring if they can play the tortured rock star, they can play the tortured author.  First, for ten points, identify the Australian author of 1989’s And the Ass Saw the Angel, who five years later appeared on the Lollapalooza tour with his band, the Bad Seeds.

answer: Nick Cave

Cave provided the introduction to a pocket edition of a King James Bible book.  It begins as follows:  “The earliest of the four Gospels, the book portrays Jesus as an enigmatic figure, struggling with enemies, his inner and external demons, and with his devoted but disconcerted disciples.”  For another 10 points, which gospel did he introduce?

answer: Mark

Occasionally, a poor musician turns out to be an even poorer writer.  For ten additional points, name the author, nothing like Cave or Cohen, of “A Night Without Armor” and “Chasing Down the Dawn.”

answer: Jewel or Jewel Kilcher

LITERATURE—EUROPEAN

Tossup:
“A Saturday afternoon in November was approaching the time of twilight, and the vast tract of unenclosed wild known as Egdon Heath embrowned itself moment by moment”  Important enough to be the subject of a Monty Python sketch, this is in fact the first sentence of what Thomas Hardy novel?

answer: The Return of the Native

Bonus
If you know your Python, you probably know your European analytic philosophers.  For ten points each, then, identify these European intellectuals.  

The 20th Century Austrian logical positivist better known as a beery swine, who was just as sloshed as Friedrich Schlegel.

answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein

The German author of Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) who, in addition to his contributions to modern existentialism, was a boozy beggar who could drink you under the table.

answer: Martin Heidegger

The author of 1818’s The World as Will and Idea who, while very influential on the young Friedrich Nietzsche, still found himself (along with G. W. F. Hegel) outconsumed by Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume.

answer: Arthur Schopenhauer