This Tournament Goes To Eleven III:  Smell The Glove
Hosted by the University of Iowa, October 12-13, 2001
Myths and Legends (by Iowa State University)

1.  Built of fire, water, and air it had one end by the Virdar well at the foot of the ash tree Ygdrasil.  The Valkyrs rode over it when bringing slain warriors to Valhalla.  However it was best known as the passageway of the gods between Asgard and Midgard.  Thor was the only deity who did not cross it for fear that he heat from his thunderbolts and his gigantic weight would destroy it.  It finally was destroyed when the terrible army of Loki crossed it in order to storm Asgard shortly before Ragnarok.  FTP name this rainbow bridge of Norse Mythology guarded by the ever-vigilant Heimdal.

Bifrost

2.  He blocks Bhima’s path as Bhima searches for flowers for Draupadi.  This is appropriate as both Bhima and him are sons of Vayu, the god of wind.  He is more known for his role in the _Ramayana_, though, and he will live as long as the story of Rama is told.  FTP, name this monkey, who leapt to Lanka to see if Sita was being kept there.

Hanuman

3.  The names the same.  The first was a daughter of Nisus, king of Megara.  She fell in love with King Minos who was besieging her city.  In order to gain his affections she cut of a lock of her father's hair, a deed which was prophesized to ruin the city.  After Minos captured Megara he spurned her.  She clung to his ship and was transformed into a sea bird called the Ciris.  The other was a sea nymph, the daughter of Phorcys and Hecate.  Poseidon fell in love with her, and in revenge Amphitrite threw magic herbs into her bathing place and she was turned into a hideous monster.  FTP name his horror with twelve feet and six dog heads that dwelled in the straits of Messina opposite Charybdis.  

Scylla

4.  His wife is involved in a large orgy where a blackamoor slave “threw her and enjoyed her,” and his brother Shah Zaman observes this orgy.  Upon observing this for himself, Shah Zaman and him run away.  They encounter a Jinni whose wife makes them have sex with her while the Jinni sleeps as she has done with 570 men before them.  All this leaves him so shaken that he swears to marry when he wants sex and kill his wife in the morning in order to maintain fidelity.  FTP, identify this king who listens to Shahrazad’s tales in _The Thousand Nights and a Night_.

King Shahryar

5.  He has four eyes, four ears, and emits fire from his mouth when he speaks.  He is also gifted in magic.  The _Enuma elish_, an ancient epic poem of creation, tells of his defeat of Tiamat, at which point he made half her body the sky and made the Tigris and Euphrates from her eyes.  He is a “King of Igigi” and is known by 50 names.  FTP, name this deity who went on to become the central Babylonian deity.

Marduk (Accept: Asarluhi, Marukka, Bel)

6.  According to one myth Heracles met his ghost in the underworld and offered to marry his sister Deinara.  In Book Nine of the Iliad Phoenix used his tragedy as an example to convince Achilles to except Agamemnon's offer of reconciliation.  He was also one the fifty heroes who traveled with Jason on the Argo.  However, his most famous adventure occurred when his father Oenus, king of Calydon, offended Artemis and she sent a giant boar to ravage the countryside.  This man rounded up a group of heroes and eventually slew the boar with the help of the female huntress, Atalanta, whom this hero had fallen in love with.  In a quarrel over the division of the Boar's skin he killed two of his uncles.  In revenge his mother killed him by burning a log she had stored away for years.  FTP name his hero, who was prophesied by the fates to live as long as a certain log remained intact.   

Meleager or Meleagros

7.  He was one of the oldest gods of Egypt, born at the same time as Ra.  He was probably originally a moon and rain god.  He assisted Horus in defeating the forces of Set, through magic, in one instance turning Horus into a great winged disc which proceeded to wreak havoc on Set's army.  His female counterpart was Maat, the personification of law, order, and truth.  42 books were later attributed to him, including the famous "Book of the Dead." The Greeks later associated him with Hermes Trismegistos.  FTP name this Egyptian God of astronomy, astrology, mathematics, geometry, medicine, magic, and wisdom who is usually depicted with the head of an Ibis.  

Thoth

8.  He was the son of Cian and Ethnie and thereby descended from both the Tuatha De Danaan the gods of Irish mythology, and the Fomors or giants of Irish Myth.  He was allowed into the hall of the Gods because he was a jack of all trades; something they didn't have.  He so impressed them there that they elected him general for their upcoming campaign against the Fomors.  When the battle between the two was in doubt be blinded his one-eyed grandfather, Balor and turned the tide of the struggle.  Some of this other exploits include the recapturing of the Dagda'a harp, and the exacting of an enormous blood fine for the death of his father.  FTP name this sun god of Gaelic myth.

Lugh

9.  She usually wears black and appears in many forms such as a young child or old woman.  She is the daughter of the goddess Haumea, and she is the personification of the power of destruction.  FTP, name this goddess thought to reside in Kilauea, the Hawaiian goddess of fire and the volcano.

Pele

10.  In formal prayers of the Roman state this god was always named first.  In his first forms he was connected with bridges and boundaries especially those marking Roman territory.  In one of the only legends about him, he was said to have kept the Sabines from capturing the Forum by gushing boiling water on them.  As the city of Rome grew his original functions became less important.  As Portunus he became the god of harbors.  However his most important function was as a god of doors, entrances, archways, and beginnings.  FTP name this two-faced god whose temple was closed in times of peace.   

Janus

11.  Her brother Susanowo’s loud behavior caused her to retreat to a cave which she closed with a large boulder.  The laughter of the gods as they watched Uzume dance lured her out along with a mirror which Uzume had placed in a nearby tree so that she could see her own reflection.  The gods then pulled her from the cave and she returned to the world.  FTP, identify this goddess, the Japanese/Shinto sun goddess.

Amaterasu

12.  Because he was the ruler of everything, there was no real need to worship him directly.  Instead, other gods such as Inti, the sun god, and Apu Illapu, the god of thunder, were worshipped so as not to make them angry, and through them the worship would work its way to this god.  FTP, name this supreme deity of the Inca people.

Viracocha

13.  He was born in New York City in 1904, and he became educated in mythology at an early age.  His studies led him to the theory that all myths and epics are linked in the human psyche, and that they are cultural manifestations of the universal need to explain social, cosmological, and spiritual realities.  FTP, name this author of Masks of God and The Hero with a Thousand Faces.

Joseph Campbell

14.  Drona recognized his superior ability and provided him with training beyond that given to his brothers.  He manages to win a wife for him and his brothers through an archery contest.  When war comes with the Kauravas, he falters at the thought of fighting his relatives.  The conversation that occurs between him and his charioteer Krishna because of this conflict is known as the Bhagavad Gita.  FTP, identify this hero of the Mahabharata, the son of Kunti and Indra.

Arjuna

15.  He is usually depicted as an old man with white hair and a beard holding his golden harp.  When he played this heavenly instrument trees would bloom and flowers would spring from under his feet.  His conception was a rather odd one, as his father wooed his mother in order to capture the magic mead of Kvasir from the frost giant, Sattung.  He was married to Iduna the personification of spring and the keeper of the Aesir's magic apples.  FTP, name this son of Odin and Gunlod, the Norse God of poetry and music from whose name we get a synonym for "to boast."

Bragi

16.  Although best known for his achievements his relatives and offspring were numerous and important.  His wife was Pleione, an Oceanid, with whom he sired the Pleides.  One of these was Maia, the mother of Hermes, making this immortal the grandfather of the messenger god.  His daughter Taygete stamped the name of Artemis on the Cerynean Hind, which Heracles was required to capture as one of his tasks.  Another of his daughters was Calypso the nymph who waylaid Odysseus for seven years.  His brother was Prometheus who allied himself with the gods and later created man.  Unlike Prometheus this man fought with the Titans against the gods, and was, in fact, one of their greatest leaders.  Like Prometheus he is eternally punished by Zeus.  FTP, name this Titan, the son of Iapetus and Clymene who holds the world on his shoulders  

Atlas

17.  He rides into a festival at Christmas time, and he proposes a strange game.  As part of the game, his head is chopped clear off.  He calmly picks it up, though, and reminds those present of the remainder of the game.  To make up for the rest, he gets to strike at the knight who removed his head a year and a day from that point.  At the later date, he strikes but merely inflicts a small wound to teach a lesson.  FTP, name this colorful character who plays this strange game with Sir Gawain.

The Green Knight

18.  According to Herodotus he was worshipped in Egypt as one of the eight gods before the initiation of their Pantheon of twelve.  Pheidippides reported that he saw him on his journey to Sparta before the battle of Marathon.  His father was thought to be either Apollo or Hermes and his mother is often believed to be Dryope.  He is known for his revelry and spirit which often lead him into trouble.  His pursuit of Syrinx eventually led to the beginnings of a musical instrument named for him.  His love of Echo caused her to be torn apart when some shepherds were thrown into a frenzy by his presence.  In another myth he lost a musical contest with Apollo which was the indirect cause of Midas' asses' ears.  FTP name this god of the forest , part man and part goat.  

Pan

19.  "I hate wolves" may understandably be the motto of this deity.  He was worshipped by many different nations under different names.  Often the his worship required the gruesome sacrifice of captive warriors.  His sword was said to be invincible and legend has it that the Roman emperor Vitellius and the Hunnish conqueror Attila both wielded it.  He is generally considered the son of Odin and was one of the most important Norse deities.  His most famous exploit was the forfeiting of his sword hand in order to chain the Fenris wolf.  FTP, name this Norse god of war who killed and was killed by the Hell-hound Garm at Ragnarok.

Tyr or Tiu or Ziu or Saxnut or Cheru

20.  When described in anthropomorphic form, he sometimes has two faces which are smeared with butter.  He has seven fiery tongues and sharpened golden teeth.  He is red in color with black eyes and hair.  He has seven arms and three legs, and seven rays of light emanate from his body.  Eight of the ten books of the Rig Veda begin with praises dedicated to him, and he was thought to be the vital spark of life.  In later times, he became less important and was rarely worshipped.  FTP, identify this Hindu god of fire.

Agni
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21.  He was alluded to in the "Book of the Dead", although he was probably first worshipped as a local deity of Thebes.  In the 12th through 18th dynasties he became the chief God of Egypt.  The priests who came to power then were attracted by his more inscrutable nature, and portrayed him as the general source of life.  Many scholars believe that his rise was one of the first attempts to put forth a monotheistic national religion.  FTP name this Egyptian god, often associated with the Greek Jupiter, who usurped many of Ra's powers but held them at a higher level.

Amen or Aman

22.  He is believed by Geoffry of Monmouth to be a combination of a Welsh bard, and the Briton leader Ambrosius.  Others say his is a human representation of a Celtic sun-god bearing a similar name.  In Geoffrey's History he is responsible for the bringing of Stonehenge from Ireland to England. Although he is not originally associated with King Arthur he becomes a key figure in Malory's Morte D’ Arthur and later in Tennyson's "Idylls of the King."  Mark Twain portrays him as a villain in his parody of Tennyson.  In legend he is associated with Nimue or Vivien to whom he falls in love with and imparts his magical secrets.  She later imprisons him in Glass Tower.  FTP, name this man who is most often represented as Arthur's chief counselor and head druid.

Merlin

Bonus Questions

1.  Identify the day that God said and did the following according to the account from Genesis.

A)  “Let there be lights in the vault of the heavens to separate day from night, and let them serve as signs both for festivals and for seasons and years.”

Fourth Day or Day Four

B)  “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the heavens.”

Fifth Day or Day Five

C)  “Let the earth produce growing things; let there be on the earth plants that bear seed, and trees bearing fruit each with its own kind of seed.”

Third Day or Day Three

2.  Give the animal symbol of the following Egyptian deities, FFPE.

A) Anubis   			Jackal
B) Hathor			Cow
C) Taurt    			Hippopatamus
D) Bast    			Cat
E) Horus			Hawk
F) Khnemu   		Ram

3.  FTPE, Identify the following bad-ass chicks from Greek myth.

A) She was a warrior maiden and leader of the Volscians,  She sided with Turnus in his war against Aeneas.  She could run over waves without touching the water, but was eventually killed by Arruns.

Camilla

B)  Queen of the Amazons whose girdle Heracles stole as his ninth labor.  He killed her, but the Amazons later mounted a counter-offensive against Greece that was defeated by Theseus. 

Hippolyta

C) Another Queen of the Amazons.  She led her people to Troy to aid Priam after Hector's death.  She was killed by Achilles who fell in love with her just before he made the final cut, causing him to greatly mourn her death.  

Pentesilea

4.  The Mayan creation story tells of a set of hero twins who are ball players who travel to Xibalba, the underworld.  The twins there face off and defeat the lords of Xibalba, One-Death and Seven-Death.  Answer these questions concerning it.

A) FTP, name the document in which this creation story is recounted.	Popol Vuh [Pron: Po po Vu}
B) FTPE, give the names of the two hero twins.			Hunter-Deer and Jaguar-Deer [or Hunahpu and Xbalanque]

5.  Name the famous sidekicks from mythology, 5-10-15.

(5 pts) A)  He is the friend and companion of Achilles, and Achilles agrees to let him wear his armor into battle.  It is his death that brings Achilles back into the fighting in the Iliad.

Patroklos

(10 pts) B)  Brother, friend, and companion of Rama.  He was the son of Sumitra and Dasharatha.  He went into exile with Rama and helped him defeat the Rakshasas in order to regain Sita.

Lakshman or Lakshmana

(15 pts) C)  Friend and companion of Orestes.  He helped him kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, and later traveled to Tauris and helped rescue Iphigenia.  In Euripides' "Orestes" he marries Electra.     

Pylades

6.  Give the city from the clues, 30-20-10

30): In the Iliad, only the lower part of the town is given in the catalogue of ships.  This is because the upper town and citadel had been sacked by the Epigoni led by Alcmaeon.
20): It may help to know that Alcmaeon was the son of the prophet Amphiarus and the other participants were sons of Adrastus, Tydeus, Hippomedon, Polynieces, Parthenopaeus, and Capneus.
10): Aside from the sack by the Epigone, this city saw many other tragedies, including the slaying of Pentheus by the Bacchants, the blinding of Oedipus, and the deaths of Antigone and Haemon.

Thebes

7.  Identify the Rakshasa from a description of their death for the stated number of points.

(5 pts) A)  He fights with Rama and he is constantly being pushed back.  He managed to wound Matali the charioteer that Indra loaned Rama for the battle.  However, Matali was not fooled when he disguised himself as Indra and he tells Rama.  Rama shoots him dead ending the war for Sita.

Ravana

(10 pts) B)  He is the best of the Rakshasa warriors.  He kills most of Rama’s army including Rama and Lakshmana.  However, he does not kill Hanuman who brings the army back to life.  Later, Lakshmana and him fight a ferocious duel in which he is beheaded by the silver arrow given to Lakshmana by Ayastya.

Indrajit or Meghanda

(15 pts) C)  This Rakshasa giant frightens away most of Rama’s army.  He fend away Hanuman and Lakshmana advancing purposely toward Rama.  Rama mortally wounds him with an arrow through the chest, but he still advances even as Rama removes both arms and legs with arrows.  Finally, Rama beheads him, killing him.

Kumbhakarna

8.  Name these famous Fennians under the leadership of Finn mac Coul. FTPE

A) This was Finn's son who was born of Sadb, the daughter of an important Irish deity.  Although not himself a bard, the story of the Fennians comes down to us in a cycle bearing his name.  

Ossian

B) He was the son of Ossian who, in youth, was too clumsy to be brought along on missions.  However, one day he followed and saved the Fennians by routing their enemies armed only with a log.  After this he was regarded as the mightiest if the Fennians, but certainly never a grouch 

Oscar

C) This nephew of Finn stole his betrothed wife.  Finn was enraged and chased him all throughout the countryside, almost capturing him on many occasions.  Eventually their feud was mediated by the gods.  Finn never forgot the slight and would later arrange the death of this man by means of measuring a boar. 

Diarmait

9.  Identify the following things about the epic of Gilgamesh, FTPE. 

A)  This is the city of which Gilgamesh is king.

Uruk

B)  This is the goddess of love who asks Gilgamesh to marry her.  He refuses and lists off numerous lovers who she has abandoned.

Ishtar or Inanna

C)  Enraged with Gilgamesh, Ishtar went to heaven and asked Anu to send this creature to destroy Gilgamesh.  With the help of Enkidu, Gilgamesh slew it.

Bull of Heaven

10.  During his later career Theseus went to the wedding of the leader of a Thessalian tribe.  A fight arouse between two groups which became a theme for many great sculptors.  FTPE, Identify the following things related to the fight.

A) The creatures that got drunk and started making off with Thessalian women.  In Greek artwork they often represent barbarians and barbarism.

Centaurs

B) The Thessalian tribe that fought the Centaurs.  They came to represent Hellenism. 

Lapiths

C) The king of the Lapiths who would later befriend Theseus. Together they would try to steal Persephone from Hades.  The attempt failed; Theseus was rescued by Heracles but this man is eternally stuck to a magic chair for his attempt. 

Pirithous

11.  Identify these earliest of Japanese deities from the description for 15 points each.

A)  He was the primordial sky and the god of all that is light and heavenly.  With his wife he helped to create the first island of Japan.  After returning from the underworld he began the first cleaning rites.  While washing his right eye the sun goddess Amaterasu was created, from his left eye the moon goddess Tsuki-Yumi was created, and from his nose came the god of the seas and storms Susanowo.

Izanagi

B)  She was the wife of Izanagi, the goddess of the primordial Earth and darkness.  She died giving birth to the fire god Kagutsuchi.  Izanagi went to the underworld to bring her back, but she refused to return.

Izanami

12.  Identify the Greek deity from their Homeric Hymn, FTPE.

A) Insewn, be gracious you who drive women to madness; Beginning and ending, we bards will praise you, for in no way at all If we forget you, can we sing sacred song   

Dionysus

B) In the beginning I sing, born on the Dotian plain; to shining Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas, the king, To mankind a great joy, who charms away painful affliction.

Asclepios

C) Her beams at that time of waxing shine brightest from heaven, And she is revealed as a sign and a token to mortals; Once is the bed of love the son of Cronos lay with her, And she conceived and gave birth to the maiden Pandea, Outstanding in beauty among the gods everlasting 

Selene

13.  Give the following information about Odin for the stated number of points

(5 pts) A) The wife of Odin 

Frigga

(5 pts)  B) The eight-legged horse of Odin, the offspring of Svadilfare and Loki

Sleipnir

(10 pts) C) His spear which could never miss its target 

Gungnir

(10 pts) D) His son by the mortal Rinda who grew to manhood in one day and avenged Baldur by killing Hodur.  He symbolized eternal light and was one of the few gods to survive Ragnarok.

Vali

14.  Identify the steed from Hindu myth for 15 points each.  

A)  He is the giant white elephant on which Indra rides.  He has four tusks which resemble a sacred mountain.  The animal was forever victorious.

Airavata

B)  He is the eagle steed of Vishnu with golden feathers on his body and brilliant red feathers on his wings.  Although he had the head, wings, and talons of an eagle, he had the arms and hands of a man.  Furthermore, he had a man’s torso even though it was covered with feathers.

Garuda

15.  Identify the Greek leader from the description of his life after the Trojan War

A) He safely returned to Argos but soon left because Aphrodite caused his wife to be unfaithful avenging herself for the wound she had received from him at Troy.  He later founded several cities in Italy and turned down a chance to fight with Turnus against Aeneas. 

Diomedes

B) Because of advice from an oracles he returned home over land taking with him as captives, Helenus and Andromache.  He later came to rule over the Molossi in Epirus and was killed while visiting Delphi.  

Neoptolemus or Pyhrus

C) After raping Cassandra in the temple of Athena he understandably met with some troubles on the way home from Troy.   That goddess caused a storm to destroy his fleet.  He however managed to escape to a rock but boasted that he god could not destroy him.  Poseidon then stuck him with a rock throwing him into the sea and drowning him. 

Ajax the lesser or Oilean Ajax or Locrian Ajax or Ajax, son of Oileus or Ajax of Lokris (or Aias in place of Ajax)

16.  Identify these Aztec deities, FTPE.

A)  According to one myth, Quetzalcoatl pulled her down from heaven and ripped her into two pieces to create the heaven and the sky.  She was known as “Mother of Gods” and was depicted with breasts hanging flaccid from nursing.

Coatlicue

B)  She was the goddess of weavers and was also responsible for fertility, childbirth, flowers, singing, and dancing.  She was much beloved by Aztec women and frequently little pottery figures of her are unearthed.

Xochiquetzal

C)  He was the god of war, protector of the city, and the blazing midday sun.  According to another legend, he was the son of Coatlicue, and he killed his 400 brother and sisters shortly after birth due to their discussion of killing their mother.

Huitzilopochtli

17.  Give the following information about Sigmund a famous Norse hero.

A) Sigmund was the youngest son of this hero from whom his famous family got its name 

Volsung

B) After the evil Siggeir tricked and slew Volsung and his nine oldest sons, Sugmund escaped and later defeated him with the aid of this son borne to him by his sister Signy 

Sinfiotli

C) Although Sinfiotli was an ass-kicker the best remembered of Sigmund's sons was this man, born after Sigmund's death.  Among his greatest exploits was the defeat of the dragon Fafnir and the awakening of the Valkyr, Brunhild 

Sigurd or Siegfried

18.  There are many monkeys beside Hanuman who play a significant role in the _Ramayana_.  Identify them from a short description, FTPE.

A)  he is the monkey king at the start of the tale, and he is the son of Indra.  Rama kills him with an arrow.

Vali

B)  He is Vali’s brother, and he has been wrongly exiled by Vali.  After Vali’s death, he becomes the monkey king, and he leads the monkey army to Lanka with Rama.

Sugriva

C)  He is the son of Viswakarman and was born with the imperfection that whatever he throws onto the water will float rather than sink.  He builds the bridge to Lanka for Rama’s army.

Nala

19.  So it may not be a myth or legend in the truest sense.  But it is an epic and that’s close.  Answer these questions about demons from Paradise Lost FTPE.

A)  He fought Gabriel and was split in two, but recovered since he was immortal.  He counsels open war while in Pandemonium.

Moloch

B)  He appears twice in Paradise Lost:  once advising the fallen angels not to fight again and another time during the War in Heaven when he makes puns with Satan.

Belial

C)  He is the engineer of Pandemonium and he finds and mines the golden ore for the building.

Mammon

20.  Given an entity tell who slays him at Ragnarok for five points each.

A) Thor  			Iormungandr or Midgard serpent
B) Frey  			Surtr
C) Odin  			Fenrir or the Fenris wolf
D) Fenrir 			Vidar
E) Loki			Heimdal
F) Heimdal			Loki