Tossups by Illinois 1. (Science) This British physicist inherited his family laboratory at Terling Place when his father died in 1873. He succeeded Maxwell at Cambridge and in that time his physics students increased in number from 6 to 70. His book, The Theory of Sound is a masterpiece of classical physics and his interest in precise measurement led him to work on the standardization of the ohm and the ampere. He now has a law partially named for him. For ten points, name this British physicist most renowned for his work on gas densities and on argon. Answer: John W. S. _Rayleigh_ 2. (History) He succeeded his father Childeric in 481 and overthrew Syagrius, the last Roman governor in Gaul, in 486. In 493 he married St. Clotilda of Burgundy, who converted him to Christianity, and he championed orthodox Christianity against the heretic Arians. In 496 he defeated the Alemonni, and in 507 he defeated the Arian Visigoths under Alaric II. However his advance through Gaul was checked by Theodoric the Great. For ten points, name this Merovingian King of the Franks., the traditional founder of the historic French monarchy. Answer: _Clovis_ (accept _Chlodwig_) 3. (Literature) This politically charged play was written at the request of William Butler Yeats in 1904. The play treats the subject of Irish home rule through the use of two thinly-veiled personifications of Ireland and England in the characters of Larry Doyle and Tom Broadbent. By the end of the play, Broadbent has taken over all aspects of Doyle's life including his girlfriend and his property. For ten points, name this play which blames both Doyle and Broadbent for its outcome, written by George Bernard Shaw. Answer: _John Bull's Other Island_ 4. (Fine Arts) This composer was a founder of the Festival of Two Worlds in Italy, and studied music with Scalero at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia. In 1955, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music for "The Saint of Bleeker Street." He has written librettos for his own works as well as others including Barber's "Vanessa." For ten points, name this composer of such works as "The Consul", "The Medium", and "Amahl and the Night Visitors." Answer: Gian Carlo _Menotti_ 5. (Rel/Myth/Phil) The patron saint of Portugal, his feast day is on December 21st. Early church traditions describe him as a missionary to the Parthians and many later apocryphal works bear his name such as the Gospel, Acts, and Apocalypse of BLANK. He is also called Didymus (the Twin) and is most prominent in John's Gospel. FTP, name this Biblical figure who doubted the Resurrection until he touched the wounds of Jesus Christ in John 20 and was a martyr to India. Answer: St. _Thomas_ 6. (Social Sciences) Their specific function is "the advocacy of causes in an open court." While their function is somewhat similar to an American trial lawyer, these, unlike American trial lawyers, do not prepare the case from the start. Instead the materials necessary for presentation to the court and out of court settlements are done by their solicitors. For ten points,name this English class of legal practitioners who try a case but do not prepare it. Answer: _barrister_ 7. (Science) When he infected mice with a strain of Pneumococcus bacteria, they died, and when he infected mice with a strain that lacked a protein coat, the mice were unharmed. To determine whether or not the protein coat itself had the toxic effect, he injected the mice with dead bacteria that had a protein coat. The mice again were unharmed, but when he injected them with a mixture of the dead virulent strain and live coatless strain, the mice died. FTP name the man who carried out this 1928 experiment that laid the groundwork for Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment. Answer: Frederick _Griffith_ 8. (History) This battle began when General Richard Anderson attacked two slim cavalry units commanded by Philip Sheridan. The armies moved into position facing each other along a seven mile stretch between the Totopotomoy and Chickahominy Rivers. Grant ordered Generals Smith, Wright and Hancock to charge the center and right flank. However, they ran into murderous fire and were driven back, and Union losses totaled 7,000 to the 1,500 Confederate casualties. For ten points, name this 1864 battle of the Civil War. Answer: _Cold Harbor_ 9. (Fine Arts) This artist's appeal lies in his ability to capture everyday life in all of its alienation and sadness. His style echoes the disillusionment felt after the Great Depression and it is evident in his works such as "Cape Cod Evening." In it, the characters, who should be happy because of the evening sunshine, both seem to be isolated and the dark trees in the background combined with the covered windows and shut door lend the painting a foreboding feeling. For ten points, name this artist whose subjects ranged from Cape Cod evenings to countrysides to cityscapes such as the one seen in his "Nighthawks." Answer: Edward _Hopper_ 10. (Miscellaneous) This film, written by Robert Bolt, features a memorable supporting cast which includes Wendy Hiller, Robert Shaw, Orson Welles, and Susannah York. It depicts the story of Sir Thomas More and his refusal to help King Henry VIII break with the Catholic Church and form the Church of England. Paul Scofield, who played the role of More, was awarded the Best Actor Oscar. For ten points, name this 1966 film that also won the Oscars for Best Picture and for Best Director, Fred Zinnemann. Answer: _A Man for All Seasons_ 11. (History)Galeazzo was a competent ruler who encouraged agriculture and silk and wool manufacture but was notoriously debauched and prodigal. He was assassinated. Ludovico usurped the throne from his nephew and defeated Charles VIII of France to secure Naples but was expelled by Louis XII. Francesco, the father of Galeazzo and Ludovico, sold his sword to the highest bidder, fighting for or against the pope, Milan, Florence, and Venice. In 1450 he married the Duke of Milan's daughter and became heir to the duchy. For ten points, what was the family name of these rulers of Milan? Answer: _Sforza_ 12. (Science) This can be used as an approximation for the binomial distribution and has the unusual property that the expectation and the variance are equal. It is characterized by a parameter usually written as lambda and if X has one of these, then the probability function is given by the formula e to the negative lambda times lambda to the k divided by k factorial. FTP what is this kind of distribution that is a discrete random variable distribution that often describes the frequency of occurrence of certain random events that is named after a 19th century French mathematician? Answer: _Poisson_ Distribution 13. (Pop Cult/Sports) One of this show's staples was created in the Bowery Bar in New York City. The show's host saw a beautiful young woman named Jill and asked her "What do you think of garlic?" He then proceeded to ask her "Have you ever been to Carmel" and "What does peripatetic mean?" The show has offered such tips as Christmas shopping by getting drunk on long airplane flights and ordering from the skymall and sometimes features an angry segment entitled "Back in Black." FTP, name this hit TV show which features Five Questions that was formerly hosted by Craig Kilborn. Answer: _Daily Show_ 14. (Literature) This romantic epic originally contained some forty cantos but six more were added sixteen years later. The work, written in octave stanzas, has served as the basis for many works of art and music, including Handel's 1735 work "Alcina." A continuation of a work by Boiardo, it deals chiefly with the war between the knights of Charlemagne and the Saracens. For ten points, name this 1516 poem based on the adventures of Roland that was written by Lodovico Ariosto. Answer: _Orlando Furioso_ 15. (History) He was born in 1922 and was educated in Paris before being elected King in 1941. He negotiated his country's independence from France from 1949-1953 and abdicated in favor of his father in 1955 so he could become the head of the elected government. He was deposed in 1970 in a U.S. military-backed coup. He regained power in 1975 by overthrowing Lon Nol but was ousted once again in 1976 by the Khmer Rouge. For ten points, name this Asian leader who, in 1993, was once again elected King of Cambodia. Answer: Norodom _Sihanouk_ 16. (Geography) This city of over 400,000 people received it's present-day name in 1946 after changing hands the previous year. It was founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Knights and joined the Hanseatic League in 1340. Under its old name, it was the birthplace of Immanuel Kant in 1724 and was an important Prussian city. For ten points, name this city of extreme western Russia on the Baltic Sea near the Polish border, that was formerly known as Konigsberg. Answer: _Kaliningrad_ 17. (Science) These chemicals, named for an early 20th-century Swiss chemist, can be prepared by precipitating palladium on calcium carbonate and treating it with lead acetate and quinoline. They work on the premise that the relative reactivities of double and triple bonds toward the addition of hydrogen depend on the catalyst. Such a deactivated catalyst allows hydrogenation of the triple bond but not of the double bond. FTP, what are these catalysts that convert alkynes to alkenes but unlike sodium and ammonia, yield a cis isomer? Answer: _Lindlar_ catalysts 18. (Pop Cult/Sports) This hockey player, born in Sault Ste. Marie in 1942, won 5 Ross trophies for the leading scorer, but only 2 Hart trophies for MVP. He led his team to two Stanley Cup championships in which they beat St. Louis and the N.Y. Rangers, but teammate Bobby Orr won the Conn Smythe trophy both years for the playoff MVP. For ten points, name this player who played for the Black Hawks, the Bruins, and the Rangers in his career and scored 1,590 points in his career. Answer: _P_hil _Esposito_ 19. (Miscellaneous) This jazz great started out as a piano accompanist for silent films but strayed away from that occasionally to take casual jobs as a musician and coaching from Fats Waller. After touring on the Vaudeville circuit he came to Kansas City in 1927 and joined the Bennie Moten Band in 1929. He later assumed leadership and the band went by the name Barons of Rhythm. He would lead the band which later became eponymous until his death. For ten points, name this jazz great whose hits include "One O'Clock Jump" and "Jumpin' at the Woodside." Answer: Count _Basie_ 20. (Literature) Among the people he visited were a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter, and a geographer on asteroids 325-330. He owned three volcanoes, two of which were active. He also owned a flower, unlike any flower in the universe of great beauty and inordinate pride. When he finally arrived on Earth, he learned from a fox what is truly important in life. For ten points, name this character whom the author befriends in the Sahara following a plane crash in a story by St. Exupery. Answer: _The Little Prince_ 21. (Geography) This island, designated a national park in 1986, was the site of a disaster in 1881 when researchers there failed to get supplies and died. Covering more than 82,000 square miles, it is separated from its neighbor by Smith Sound and the Kennedy channel. Places here include Cape Sabine, Lady Franklin Bay, Grant Land, and Grinnell Land. Robert Peary's 1908 expedition used explorers based on this island as well. For ten points, name this northernmost Canadian island that was first sighted in 1616 by William Baffin. Answer: _Ellesmere_ Island 22. (Rel/Myth/Phil) It accompanied Hermod on the way to Hel when he went there to find Balder. It also figured into the tale of Sigurd as Sigurd was advised by Odin, then in disguise. Odin helped Sigurd to pick out a horse, and together they picked Grani, who was sired by this figure. It arose when Loki had stolen a giant's horse, and the giant came after Loki. Thor smashed the giant's head with a hammer and this sprung to life. FTP, name this eight-legged horse of Norse mythology, the favorite mount of Odin. Answer: _Sleipnir_ 23. (Literature) His collection of "Ariel Poems" include "Journey of the Magi", "A Song for Simeon", "Animula", and "Marina". His Unfinished Poems include "Sweeney Agonistes" and "Coriolan." Some of the poems from his collection entitled "Poems, 1920" include "Whispers of Immortality" and "The Hippopotamus." "Rhapsody on a Windy Night" and "Morning at the Window" appear in his 1917 collection entitled "Prufrock." For ten points name this poet and playwright of "The Cocktail Party", "Four Quartets", and "The Hollow Men." Answer: _T. S. Eliot_ 24. (Current Events) Journalists Myles Tierney and Ian Stewart were recently shot in this African nation. Tierney was killed and Stewart was seriously wounded by a gunfight that had broken out between rebel forces and ECOMOG, which is a Nigerian-led West African intervention force. ECOMOG had been called in to drive out the Revolutionary United Front in, for ten points, what African nation whose capital is Freetown? Answer: _Sierra Leone_ 25. (Miscellaneous) This group, which was recently named Rolling Stone's Artists of the Year for their triple- platinum smash, said that while they were working on their hit album they were also working on a country album with Bucky Baxter, the pedal steel guitarist in Bob Dylan's road band. That would be quite a departure from their rock/rap style heard on albums such as Paul's Boutique and Check Your Head. For ten points, name this group consisting of Ad-Rock, MCA, and Mike D which has also released Ill Communication, License to Ill, and Hello Nasty. Answer: _Beastie Boys_ Bonuses by Illinois 1. (History) Ruler of India from circa 269 to 232 B.C., he converted to Buddhism, and adopted it as the state religion. He gave up conquest for dharma and inscribed his pronouncements on rocks and pillars, but promoted tolerance for all religions. A. For five points, name him. Answer: _Asoka_ or _Ashoka_ B. For ten points, Asoka was the last major emperor of what line of Indian rulers? Answer: _Mauryan_ C. For fifteen points, Asoka denounced war after his bloody conquest of what territory on the east coast of India in present day Orissa? Answer: _Kalinga_ 2. (Literature) Identify the following lyric poets of Greece on a 5-10-15 basis. 5: This native of Lesbos addressed many of her poems to girls. It is rumored that she flung herself into the sea after being rejected by Phaon. Answer: _Sappho_ 10: This poet was also known as the Dircaean Swan. His works are mainly Epinicia concerning mythical subjects. He refused to accept the story of Pelops and Tantalus on the basis that he couldn't believe that the gods were cannibals. One of his earliest successes was "The Tenth Pythian Ode." Answer: _Pindar_ 15: This poet gave his name to a style of verse which he purportedly invented. It usually consists of four stanzas of four lines; the first two lines are 11 syllables, the third is 9, and the fourth is 10. Answer: _Alcaeus_ 3. (Miscellaneous) Identify the following Sergei Eisenstein films on a 5-5-10-10 basis. A. This 1938 film was an attempt to prepare the Russian people for the coming conflict with Germany. It portrayed a 13th-century Russian prince and his victories over the Teutonic Knights of that era. Answer: _Alexander Nevsky_ B. This 1925 silent classic recounts a mutiny aboard a Russian ship. It contains one of the more powerful scenes in film history as civilians are massacred on the Odessa Steps. Answer: The _Battleship Potemkin_ C. This critically acclaimed 1945 two part film was commissioned by Joseph Stalin to encourage acceptance of his harsh and historically similar policies. Answer: _Ivan the Terrible_ Parts I and II D. This film, whose subtitle comes a novel dealing with Russian history, recounts the events leading up to the storming of the Winter Palace by the Cossacks. Answer: _October_ or _Ten Days That Shook The World_ 4. (Geography) For ten points each, answer the following about the geography of southeast Asia. A. Name the isthmus of land, about 40 miles wide at its narrowest point, that links the Malay peninsula to the Asian mainland. Answer: Isthmus of _Kra_ B. Name the sea immediately west of the Malay peninsula and south of Myanmar. This sea contains an eponymous group of islands that belong to India. Answer: _Andaman_ Sea C. This chief river of Myanmar flows about 1,600 miles south and empties into the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Answer: _Irrawaddy_ River 5. (History) Answer the following questions about political events that took place in Czechoslovakia in 1968 for ten points each. A. In January, Antonin Novotny, the long-time Stalinist ruler of the nation, was deposed as party leader and succeeded by this Slovak who supported Democratic Reform. Answer: Alexander _Dubcek_ B. On March 22, Novotny resigned as president and was succeeded by this general. Answer: Ludvik _Svoboda_ C. On April 6, Premier Joseph Lenart resigned and was succeeded by this reformer. Answer: Oldrich _Cernik_ 6. (Literature) Identify these poets who were all born before 1300 A.D. FTPE. A. This German Minnesinger, born circa 1170, is known for his three verse epics, Willehalm, Titurel, and Parzival. He handled chivalric themes and appears in a Wagner opera. Answer: Wolfram von _Eschenbach_ B. This French poet, born in 1160, wrote early Arthurian romances such as Erec et Enide and Cliges. Two of his most important works translate as Launcelot, or the Knight of the Cart, and Percival, or the Story of the Grail. Answer: _Chretien de Troyes_ C. This Minnesinger, born in 1270, was the court poet to the ruler of Austria. He is rumored to have traveled a great deal and taken part in the crusades. He used humor and irony in his works which was quite a break from the rigid conventions of Minnesang. He is the basis for the Swinburne poem "Laus Veneris." Answer: _Tannh„user_ 7. (Fine Arts) Answer the following questions about a certain art museum for the state number of points. A. 10: After WWII, in order to relieve congestion, a special museum for Impressionist art was formed at the Jeu de Paume in the gardens of the Tuileries. The paintings from the Jeu de Paume, along with others from the Louvre, were moved to this Parisian museum which opened in 1986. Answer: _Musee d'Orsay_ B. 5: This Edouard Manet painting, which features a reclining nude in the foreground and a servant in the background bearing flowers, is housed in the Musee d'Orsay. Answer: _Olympia_ C. 15: This Van Gogh painting, which features no people in it, is also housed in the Musee d'Orsay. In it, the room is dominated by the blue colors of the wall, the door, the pitchers on the table, and the clothes in the background. Answer: The _Artist's Bedroom_ 8. (Miscellaneous)Answer the following questions about weird news events for ten points each. A. British churches have recast Jesus in this man's image with the slogan: "Meek. Mild. As if. Discover the real Jesus. Church. April 4." and have Jesus cast in this man's classic black and red image. Answer: Che _Guevara_ B. This author connected to the year 2001 felt so strongly that incompetent people need to be corrected that he issued a public statement this week declaring that 2001, not 2000, is the first year of the millennium. Answer: _Arthur C. Clarke_ C. To celebrate the millennium, this Sunshine state sought to make a list of 2,000 of its great residents but only came up with a few hundred and stopped. Answer: _Florida_ 9. (Rel/Myth/Phil) Identify the authors of these philosophical works on a 5-10-15 basis: A. Monadologie (1714) Answer: Gottfried _Leibnitz_ B. The Minute Philosopher (1732) Answer: George _Berkeley_ C. Dialogues in Limbo (1925) and Reason in Society (1905) Answer: George _Santayana_ 10. (Science) Answer these questions about the human pancreas for the stated number of points: A. 5: These cells secrete glucagon. Answer: _alpha_ cells (prompt on _Islets of Langerhans) B. 15: These cells secrete somatostatin. Answer: _delta_ cells (prompt on _Islets of Langerhans) C. 10: The pancreas secretes this enzyme among others into the small intestine. It is activated by enterokinase and breaks down proteins into polypeptides. Answer: _trypsin_ 11. (Literature) Identify the poets from opening lines of one of their poems for ten points or from the name of that poem for five points. 10: "When chapman billies leave the street/ And drouthy neibors neibors meet/ As market-days are wearing late/ An' folk begin to tak the gate." 5: "Tam O' Shanter" Answer: Robert _Burns_ 10: "I met a traveler from an antique land/ Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone/ Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand/ Half sunk, a shattered visage lies..." 5: "Ozymandias" Answer: Percy Bysshe _Shelley_ 10: "My heart is like a singing bird/Whose nest is in a watered shoot;/ My heart is like an apple-tree/Whose boughs are bent with thick-set fruit;" 5: "A Birthday" Answer: _C_hristina _Rossetti_ 12. (Science) Identify these mathematical theorems on a 10-20 basis. A. This theorem states that a rigid logical system will contain true propositions that cannot be proved to be true. Answer: Godel's _Incompleteness_ Theorem B. This theorem, which is a generalization of Green's theorem, states that the line integral of f (a three-dimensional vector field) around L (a continuous closed path) is equal to the surface integral of the curl of f around any surface S for which C is the boundary. Answer: _Stoke's_ Theorem 13. (Miscellaneous) Identify these terms associated with card playing on a 5-10-15 basis. A. This hand consists of two black pairs, aces and eights. Answer: _Dead Man's Hand_ B. This game, featured in the movie "Rounders" is wildly popular as it is the second most popular game in Las Vegas poker rooms. Named for a state, it is the game played for one million dollars in the World Series of Poker. Answer: _Texas Hold 'Em_ (accept _Texas Seven Card Stud_) (note: do NOT accept _Seven Card Stud_ as they are two different games) C. In Texas Hold 'Em, after each player is dealt two cards, there are three cards dealt face up on the table which are used as community cards. What is the name given to these three cards? Answer: the _flop_ 14. (Current Events) Said Abu Nasr was arrested on January 20th, 1999. He was carrying a quantity of sophisticated explosive when he was detained. For ten points each: A. It is suspected that Abu Nasr's target was the American embassy in this city. Answer: _New Delhi_ B. Abu Nasr has been connected to this exiled Saudi businessman. Answer: Osama _Bin Laden_ (accept: _My man Bin Laden_) C. Bin Laden reportedly operates a terrorist organization based in what country? Answer: _Afghanistan_ 15. (Pop Cult/Sports) Given a year a player won the Thorpe Award, and the school he played at, name him. Five points each, five for all correct. A. 1986, Baylor Answer: Thomas _Everett_ B. 1987, University of Miami Answer: _Bennie Blades_ C. 1991, Florida St. Answer: Terrell _Buckley_ D. 1993, Alabama Answer: Antonio _Langham_ E. 1996, Florida Answer: Lawrence _Wright_ 16. (Science) Identify these eponymous rules from chemistry FTPE. A. This rule states that if RH adds as H and R that R will add to the carbon with less hydrogens bonded to it. Answer: _Markovnikov's_ Rule B. This rule says that the more stable alkene product is obtained by removing a proton from the beta carbon that is bonded to the fewest hydrogens. Answer: _Zaitsev's_ Rule C. This rule states that when there are degenerate orbitals that an electron will occupy an empty orbital before it will pair up with another electron. Answer: _Hund's_ Rule 17. (Fine Arts) Answer these questions about Frank Lloyd Wright for ten points each. A. Wright designed this Tokyo hotel in 1916 by floating it on a sea of underlying mud. This prevented it from being damaged in the devastating earthquake of 1923. Answer: _Imperial Hotel_ B. In 1911, Wright built a house on his grandfather's farm in Wisconsin which was called this, the Welsh for "shining brow." Answer: _Taliesen_ C. The first of these do-it-yourself houses designed by Wright was the first Jacobs house in Madison, Wisconsin. Answer: _Usonian_ 18. (Current Events) Answer the following questions about everyone's favorite topic, Colombian death squads, for ten points each: A. On January 10th, 1999, 8 people were gunned down by death squads in Tuloviejo, a Colombian town in what province, which shares its name with Bolivia's judicial capital? Answer: _Sucre_ B. Most of this year's killings were carried out by the AUC. But for ten points, what insurgent group, the largest in the Western Hemisphere, attacked AUC during a cease-fire, thereby sparking the killings? Answer: _Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia_ or _FARC_ C. On December 27th, 1998, the FARC attacked the mountain stronghold of what AUC leader in which over 30 people were killed? Answer: Carlos _Castano_ 19. (Pop Cult/Sports) Most of the time a film wins the Best Picture Oscar it wins its director the Best Director Oscar as well. Identify the following related to films that didn't take both categories FTPE. A. Although John Ford won the 1935 Best Director Oscar for "The Informer", it was this film starring Charles Laughton and Clark Gable that won Best Picture. Answer: _Mutiny on the Bounty_ B. "All the King's Men" won the 1949 Best Picture Oscar but this man won Best Director for his "A Letter to Three Wives." Answer: Joseph _Mankiewicz_ C. In 1981, "Chariots of Fire" won the Best Picture Oscar but Warren Beatty won Best Director for this film about John Reed and Louise Bryant. Answer: _Reds_ 20. (Rel/Myth/Phil) Identify these Hindu gods or concepts related to hinduism FTPE. A. This god rests on the cosmic waters between creations; in each creation he takes on a material form such as a fish, a wild boar, or a turtle for example. Answer: _Vishnu_ (do NOT accept Vishnu Jejjala) B. This term refers to the propensity of souls to incarnate themselves in various material forms, from the mineral to the superhuman. Answer: _Transmigration of Souls_ C. This is the veil of illusion, the sensuous appearances that delude human beings into materialism. Answer: _Maya_ 21. (History) Identify these British Prime ministers on a 5-10-15 basis. A. This man was appointed prime minister in 1757 and led Britain through the course of the French and Indian War. Answer: William _Pitt_ the _Younger_ B. This man, whom William Pitt bitterly opposed, was prime minister from 1770-1782, and his idiocy allowed the Americans to win the Revolution. Answer: Frederick Lord _North_ C. This was the man picked to succeed North. Answer: Lord _Rockingham_ 22. (Social Science) Identify the following treatments for psychological disorders for ten points each. A. This is the name for gradual exposure to fear-producing stimulus. For example, a person afraid of heights may first stand on a small step stool, then look out the top floor of a window, then stand on the edge of Niagara falls, and finally take a ride in a helicopter. Answer: _systematic desensitization_ (acc. _desensitization_) B. This treatment involves exposing the patient to a fear-producing stimulus in a harmless environment all at once. An example of this may be putting a person with a fear of buses in a bus and riding on it for an hour until the anxiety eventually goes away. Answer: _flooding_ C. This procedure, which is rarely used nowadays, involved drilling holes in the skull, inserting a sharp instrument, and moving it side to side to destroy brain tissue. Answer: Prefrontal _lobotomy_ 23. (Geography) Answer the following questions about mountains on a 5-10-15 basis. A. This is the term that designates the side of a mountain away from the direction from which the wind blows. Answer: _leeward_ B. This term designates a natural line of descent, as for skiing, between two points on a slope. Answer: _fall line_ C. This is the term for the effect in which moist air rises on the windward side of a mountain, and due to temperature and pressure changes, deposits precipitation on the mountain. Answer: _orographic_ effect 24. (Literature) Identify the African author from works for ten points each. A. "Blood Knot", "Hello and Goodbye", and "Master Harold and the Boys" Answer: Athol _Fugard_ B. A Man of the People, Arrow of God, and The Drum Answer: Chinua _Achebe_ C. Guest of Honor, The Conservationist, Burger's Daughter Answer: Nadine _Gordimer_