CHICAGO SCOTTISH BONI 1. Answer the following about acids and bases for the stated number of points: 5 points: This man, the winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1903, first described acids as substances that ionized in solution to release a proton and a base as a substance that ionizes to release a hydroxide ion. Answer: Svante _Arrhenius_ 10 points: According to this definition of acids and bases, an acid is any substance that donates a proton and a base is any substance that accepts a proton. Answer: _Bronsted-Lowry_ definition 5 points: According to this definition an acid is any compound that donates an electron pair and a base is any substance that accepts an electron pair. Answer: _Lewis_ definition 10 points: This equation, named for its two discoverers, describes the relationship between the pH of a solution and the percentage of the acid that will become deprotonated in the solution at any given time. Answer: _Henderson-Hasselbach_ equation 2. For 5 points each and a 5 point bonus if all correct, name the presidents under which these men were vice president: A. Hannibal Hamlin Answer: Abraham _Lincoln_ B. George M. Dallas Answer: James K. _Polk_ C. Richard Johnson Answer: Andrew _Jackson_ D. James Sherman Answer: William Howard _Taft_ E. Garret Hobart Answer: William _McKinley_ 3. Identify the types of goods, for 10 points each: A.This is a good which a company produces for another company, which then uses the good to produce another product. Answer: _intermediate_ good B.They have a positive wealth effect. Answer: _normal_ good C. They have a negative wealth effect. Answer: _inferior_ good 4. The true key to any good action movie isn't the stunts or the special effects, but rather the one-liners. for 10 points each, given a catch phrase from an action flick, name it. [Moderator: feel free to inject as much testosterone into the reading of the lines as you see fit] a) "You called down the thunder. Well, now you got it!" Answer: _Tombstone_ b) "You see, in this world there's two kinds of people, my friend: those with loaded guns and those who dig. You dig." Answer: _The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly_ c) "Define irony: a bunch of idiots dancing around on a plane to a song made famous by a band that died in a plane crash." Answer: _Con Air_ 5. Name the plays by Shakespeare based on minor characters for 10 points or for 5 points based on more well known ones. A. 10 points: Earl of Gloucester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Albany, Duke of Burgundy 5 points: Edgar, Edmund, Oswald Answer: _King Lear_ B. 10 points: Grumio, Christopher Sly, Gremio, Vincentio 5 points: Hortensio, Lucentio, Baptista Answer: _The Taming of the Shrew_ C. 10 points: Corin, LeBeau, Duke Fredrerick, Duke Senior 5 points: Oliver, Orlando, Jaques, Touchstone Answer: _As You Like It_ 6. Given a city, name the state outside its own state to which it is closest, for 10 points each. For example, if I said Chicago, you'd say Indiana. 1. Salt Lake City Answer: _Wyoming_ or _WY_ 2. Chattanooga, TN Answer: _Georgia_ or _GA_ 3. Pittsburgh, PA Answer: _West Virginia_ or _WV_ 7. In celebration of the recent news of support from Intel for it, answer the following questions about everyone's favorite freeware operating system for the stated number of points. a) For 5 points, name the original author of the Linux operating system. Answer: Linus _Torvalds_ b) Although Linux is freely downloadable over the internet, two companies, one primarily in Europe and the other in the States, market commercial versions which come on CD and have supporting documentation. For 5 points each, name them. Answer: _Red Hat_ and _Caldera_ c) As befits an operating system developed by people working on their own time and providing the fruits of their labors for free, most of the programs and documentation for Linux are available for download off the 'net. For 5 points for one and 15 for both, give both the official site for download and the name of the multi-authored instructional documents for hardware and software issues alike. Answer: _sunsite.unc.edu_ (also accept _sunsite_) and _HOWTO_s 8. Everyone's familiar with the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for stars, but now it's time to see how much you really know about what it demonstrates. Answer the following questions about stellar evolution for 10 points each. A. This is the name given to the longest portion of a star's life-time, occurring while it fuses hydrogen atoms into helium. On the H-R diagram, these stars lie in a diagonal band running from the upper left corner to lower right. Answer: _main sequence_ B. After leaving the main sequence, stars move rapidly to the right (cooler surface temperature) and begin moving upwards (higher luminosity) as their cores contract and their photospheres expand. Give the name for this stage in evolution between hydrogen burning and helium burning. Answer: _red giant_ branch C. At the peak of the red giant branch, a star's core heats up enough to begin burning helium into carbon. However, if the matter in the core is degenerate, the majority of the helium will be consumed in a rapid catastrophic thermonuclear runaway, ending its progression towards burning heavier elements. To within 1, how much mass (in units of the Sun's mass) must a star have to avoid this? Answer: _2.5_ 9. Name the African country based on its revolutions, 30-20-10. A. 30 points: After King Kigeri IV condensed his forces at Lake Kivu, the first borders of this nation were established when he raided lands to the north and conquered the small kingdom of Gissaka. B. 20 points: A 1973 coup led by Juvenal Habyarimana brought a new government that pledged to end tribal fighting, but Hutu dominance remained, and it was not until 1981 that general elections were held. C. 10 points: Extremists came into the jet age when in 1994 they assassinated President Habyarimana, along with the Burundi's president Cyprien Ntaryamira, by shooting down their aircraft with a missile. This nation's presidential guard, which opposed the sharing of power, was generally held responsible. Answer: _Rwanda_ 10. Identify these plays by Ibsen, for the stated number of points. A. 5 points: Torvald Helmer's wife leaves him at the end of this play. Answer: _A Doll House_ B. 10 points: Ibsen's last play, it ends with an avalanche which kills a sculptor and his first love. Answer: _When We Dead Awaken_ C. 15 points: This play introduces Hilda Wangel, who also appears in _The Master Builder_. Its title character chooses her husband over a mysterious stranger. Answer: The _Lady From the Sea_ 11. Name these mythical figures on a 10-5 basis. A. 10 points: After being struck down by Zeus, he fell into the River Eridanus, where his sisters mourned until they turned into trees. 5 points: This son of Helios was unable to control the horses of the sun when he attempted to ride them. Answer: _Phaeton_ B. 10 points: He won a chariot race against Oenomaus by bribing Myrtilos to remove the pins from the wheels of his competitor's chariot. 5 points: He owned a golden chariot given to him by Poseidon that allowed him to cross the Agean in search of a wife. Answer: _Pelops_ C. 10 points: It was beloved by the muses for creating the spring of Hippocrene by a stamp of its magic hoof. 5 points: This creature was caught by Bellerophon while drinking at the spring of Pirene. Answer: _Pegasus_ 12. Now that biology has, for the most part, switched over to cladistics from traditional Linean taxonomy, it's time to update quiz bowl folk as well. Answer the following on cladistics for the stated number of points. 5) The term character refers to any heritable trait, in either phenotype or genotype, which can be examined or labeled. FFP what is the term for a character that is shared by taxa due to descent and which forms the basis of cladistics. Answer: _homologous_ character 10) FTP, give the term for type of homologous character which is in a new state (different from the common ancestor to the group) and is shared by all members of the group. Answer: _synapomorphy_ (also accept _shared derived character_) 15) This German zoologist is considered the leading proponent of cladistics, setting out the fundamentals of the new approach to systematics in his "Grundzuege einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik," published in 1950 and then reprinted in 1979 as "Phylogenetic Systematics" following his death 3 years earlier. Name him for 15 points. Answer: Willi _Hennig_ 13. Answer the following questions about Asian musical instruments, for 10 points each. a) Analogous to the xylophone, this Javanese instrument consists of two horizontal rows of small knobbed gongs, although the precise configuration varies depending upon orchestration. Answer: _bonang_ (also accept _kenong_ or _keromong_) b) These Chinese drums played with short wooden sticks form the backbone of the percussion section for Chinese orchestra, with variations including a pair of similar drums (which adds the prefix "pai-") and a larger version (with prefix "ta-"). Name them. Answer: _gu_ c) This Indian chordophone varies in size between 4 and 5 feet in length and uses 4 metal strings with no frets and pieces of silk underneath the strings beside the bridge to produce a twanging and buzzing sound when the strings are plucked. It is often used to play the harmonic background to melodies from a sitar or vina. Name it. Answer: _tambura_ 14. For 10 points each, name the current heads-of-state of each of the following countries: A. Ireland Answer: Mary _McAleese_ B. Chile Answer: Eduardo _Frei_ C. Spain Answer: Jose Maria _Aznar_ 15. Given the player, name the European club soccer team for whom each plays, for 10 points each: A. Ronaldo Answer: _Inter_nazionale de _Milan_ B. Zinedine Zidane Answer: _Juventus_ de Turin C. David Beckham Answer: _Man_chester _U_nited 16. 30-20-10, name the book of the old testament from figures in it: 30- Adoniah, Shephatiah, Chileab 20- Amnon, Absalom, Abner 10- David, Bathsheba, Uriah Answer: _2nd Samuel_ 17. Identify these psychologists, for the stated number of points. A. 5 points: This developer of individual psychology coined the term "inferiority complex." Answer: Alfred _Adler_ B. 10 points: This American psychologist pioneered nondirective, or client-centered, therapy in 1942. Answer: Carl _Rogers_ C. 15 points: 1942 also saw the publication of this Swiss therapist's _Basic Forms and Knowledge of Human Existence_, which built on Heideggerean philosophy to create a new form of existential analysis. Answer: Ludwig _Binswanger_ 18. Identify these recent American novelists from works FTP each. A. _The Women of Brewster Place_ Answer: Gloria _Naylor_ B. _Myra Breckinridge_ Answer: Gore _Vidal_ C. _Blood Meridian_ Answer: Cormac _McCarthy_ 19. Identify these popes of the sixteenth century on a 10-5 basis. A. 10 points: The diplomatic failures of this pope led to the sack of Rome in 1527. 5 points: Born Giulio de Medici, his papacy lasted from 1523 to 1534. Answer: _Clement VII_ B. 10 points: Born Ugo Buoncampagni, he succeeded Pius V in 1572. 5 points: He is best remembered for his reform of the calendar in 1582. Answer: _Gregory XIII_ C. 10 points: After Pius III's 26 days in office, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere took over under this name. 5 points: Considered the founder of the Papal States, he led the League of Cambrai against Venice and commissioned _The School of Athens_. Answer: _Julius II_ 20. Identify these poems by Wallace Stevens, all of which are from his first book, _Harmonium_, for 10 points each. A. The titular object of this poem "took dominion everywhere" and "did not give of bird or bush, / Like nothing else in Tennessee." Answer: _Anecdote of the Jar_ B. This poem in eight stanzas begins with "complacencies of the peignoir" and ends with an image of flocks of pigeons sinking "downward to darkness, on extended wings." Answer: _Sunday Morning_ C. The titular animal of this poem is one with a man and a woman, sits in the cedar-limbs, and marked the edge of one of many circles when it flew out of sight. Answer: _Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird_ 21. Name the prominent historian for the stated number of points: A. 5 points: His innovative paper "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" presented a new theory concerning the influence of environment on transplanted peoples, in what came to be known as the "frontier school" of historiography. Answer: Frederick Jackson _Turner_ B. 10 points: She received two Putlitzer Prizes for her historical works, the first in 1962 for _The Guns of August_ and again for _Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45_ in 1970. Answer: Barbara _Tuchman_ C. 15 points, two answers required : This husband and wife team collaborated to produce an extremely complete two-volume synthesis of the history of the United States entitled _The Rise of American Civilization_ in 1927. They followed it with _America in Midpassage_ in 1939 and _The American Spirit_ in 1942. Answer: _Charles_ and _Mary Beard_ 22. Answer the following questions on traditional Chinese architecture for 10 points each. A. This word refers to any storeyed building with a horizontal main ridge, although in the case of more impressive structures it is sometimes translated as a "tower" and often contain large bells or drums. Famous examples include Yueyang Tower in Hunan and the Tower of the Yellow Crane in Wuchang. Answer: _lou_ (also accept _zhonlou_ or _gulou_) B. Similar to the lou, this type of tower also had multiple storeys, but doors and windows only on one side, the other sides being solid walls. These structures were typically used to house important documents, like the Tianyige in Ningbo, or to house immense statues in great monasteries, such as 23 meter statue of Guanyin (Goddess of Mercy) in the Guanyinge of the Dulesi Temple in Jixian County. Answer: _ge_ C. The ancient Chinese regarded this number as the ultimate masculine number and this influence is reflected buildings designed for emperors and other dignitaries, most notably the number of courtyards in the Temple of Confucius at Qufu and the dimensions of the buildings in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Answer: _9_ 23. Answer the following questions about radiative processes, for 10 points each. A. This dimensionless quantity specifies the degree of attenuation that a beam of light undergoes when it passes through a medium. It is generally approximated by the product of the number density of particles, scattering cross-section and thickness. Name it for 10 points. Answer: _optical depth_ B. These two types of radiation result from the circular acceleration of electrons in a magnetic field thus naming the two devices scientists use to produce them. The first produces a photons with frequency equal to the precession frequency and the second is the relativistic equivalent of the first but produces a continuous spectrum of photon frequencies. Name them for 5 points each. Answer: _cyclotron_ and _synchrotron_ radiation C. This type of radiation results from the small angle scattering of electrons off of atoms and takes its name from the German word for "braking". Name it for 10 points. Answer: _Bremsstrahlung_ radiation 24. Name the author from works, 30-20-10. 30 points: The Jew of Malta, The Massacre of Paris 20 points: translations of Ovid's Amores and Lucan's Pharsalia and the unfinished Hero and Leander 10 points: Dido, Queen of Carthage and Tamburlaine Answer: Christopher _Marlowe_ 25. Answer these questions about the War of the Second Coalition for 10 points each. A. At the beginning of 1799, the French forced the King of Naples to flee to Sicily and set up this Republic in place of the defeated kingdom. Answer: the _Parthenopean_ Republic B. In this battle of June, 1799, Suvorov defeated the French army under MacDonald, allowing the King of Naples to return and overthrow the Parthenopean Republic. Answer: Trebbia C. On this day of the Revolutionary calendar, Napoleon, assisted by his brother Lucien, dismissed the Directory and set up the consulate. Answer: the _Eighteenth_ of _Brumaire_