1998 NLIT                     Tossups by Penn State (again?!?)

1:	One rule for finding them is that e's often go to s's, and o's go to o-s, but otherwise they remain pretty much unchanged.  Beware "faux amis," or you could end up confusing lawyers with avocados, or thinking that students say they are "real" when attendance is taken.  FTP, name these words which aid in learning new languages because they appear like words from other languages.

A:              COGNATES

2:	He studied mathematics -and philosophy At Athens under the philosopher Ammonius before publicduties took him to Rome.  The first pair of essays "Epaminondas and Scipio" of his most famous work have been lost, but 22 pairs of biographies of Greek and roman heroes survive. For ten points, name the author of -Parallel Lives-, the source for Shakespeare's Roman history plays.

A:           -Plutarch-

3:	Electronic Frontier Foundation Executive Director Barry Steinhardt calls it "a Trojan horse," and says that the wording is "impermissibly vague," and targets almost every commercial online organization, contrary to the statements issued by its sponsor, Dan Coats.  Since the wording is what caused its predecessor to be struck down in a 9-0 court-ruling in 1997, Steinhardt believes that this bill will go down in history similarly, as nothing more than political posturing.  FTP, name this act, piggybacked onto a Senate appropriations bill, designed to protect children from "inappropriate material on the Internet, remarkably similar to a bill declared unconstitutional last year.

A:	the -COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT II-, or -CDA II-. (Do NOT prompt on CDA)

4:	Germany maintained control of this African colony until it was overrun by French and British forces during World War One.  Several months after achieving independence, a UN-supervised plebiscite was held in the British sections of this country, allowing citizens to choose between continued union or joining with its neighbor Nigeria.  FTP, name this coastal nation, whose president is Paul Biya and whose largest city is Douala.

A:           -Cameroon-

5.  The name under which he gained fame was a combination of Little Black Sambo and "Same Old.Shit," and he began to gain attention in the early 1980's.  In 1981, he exhibited his work at the P.S.1 show, along with Andy Warhol and Keith Waring.  This gained him attention with art dealers, and he was soon catapulted into celebrity and an equally fast demise from a heroin overdose in 1988.  FTP, name this New York artist who began as a graffiti writer using the name SAMO.

A:             Jean Michel BASQUAIT

6:	Houseflies were the first to die, followed next by the geckos, which ate their pesticide-filled corpses.  Next, virtually all the house cats perished from eating the geckoes.  None of this was enough to bother the locals of this island, but when rats descended on the villages bringing the bubonic plague, they panicked, and the government was forced to ship cats in - by parachute.  FTP, name the island where this took place, the classic example of the danger of large-scale spraying of DDT, an island in the Malay Archipelago, the world's third largest.

A:	-BORNEO- (Cute reference: 'The Day they Parachuted Cats into Bomeo")

7:	It began on July 26, 1972, when the contract for its construction was officially
awarded.  Final assembly began on November 11, 1977, and it passed its systems check in Palmdale, California on March.8, 1979. Officially known as OV102, it still had a two-year wait until its first countdown began, and on April 12, 1981, it successfully completed its first launch into space.  For ten points, name this vessel -which completed.  STS-l, the first shuttle mission, sixteen days later.

A:             -COLUMBIA-

8:	A plot in the Phillipines to assassinate President Clinton and Pope John Paul II.  A 1995 failed plot in Ethiopia to assassinate Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.  In addition, an incident in Somalia which led to the rapid UN withdrawal.  All of this, along with the claim that he will "send the bodies of American troops and civilians home in wooden boxes and coffins." FTP, name this terrorist leader who recently had even more charges tacked on to him related to the US Embassy bombings in Africa.

A:             Osama -BIN-LADEN-

9:  In: 1935--he first theoretically postulated the existence of mesons, but he is better known for his work in quantum mechanics and the study of elementary particle interactions.  He was awarded the Nobel in 1949 for his work in mesons, but his name is immortalized in an explanation of the strong nuclear force.  FTP, name this physicist, who was the first Japanese citizen to be awarded the Nobel prize.

A:       Hideki -YUKAWA-

10: Recently, he returned to Philadelphia, but tending bar in "The Bullpen" rather than playing sports.  Strange, considering five years ago, Philadelphians greeted him with death threats and vandalized his home.  All this after setting a new team record with 43 saves.  FTP, name this former Philadelphia Phillie who will forever be remembered for one pitch in 1993.

A:       Mitch -Williams-

11: James William Davison called him the most overrated man that has existed, but Brahms said that he was the true successor to Beethoven, and that 'There is no song of [his] from which one cannot learn something." His Symphony in C was a specialty of the Crystal Palace in the 19th century, and critic Robert Schumann was said to have "cried all night" when he died in 1828.  FTP, name this composer of the opera Rosamunde, the melancholy "Winter's Journey," and the Trout Quintet.

A:	Franz -SCHUBERT-

12:	"And the beast shall come forth surrounded by a roiling cloud of vengeance.  The house of the unbelievers shall be razed and they shall be scorched to the earth.  Their tags shall blink until the end of days" states the most recent prophecy.  He probably has been attempting to attack Redmond, WA, or maybe even his own company in Mountain View, CA since they seem to have abandoned him as mascot - except for the developers, that is.  So, for ten points, show that you know your Netscape trivia, and give Netscape Navigator's mascot's name by completing the following: "It's spelled N-e-t-s-c-a-p-e, but it's pronounced..."

A:	-MOZILLA-

13:	In 1975, this woman was asked by Ross Swimmer to be his running mate in
the upcoming election.  They were elected and she was deputy of her nation
for ten years until Swimmer stepped down and she became the interim leader.
She decided to run herself in 1987 and was elected chief after a hard
campaign.  FTP, name this woman, the first female chief of a major Native American tribe and the former leader of the Cherokee Nation.

A - :    Wilma -Mankiller-

14:	This protein is known for great tensile strength and is found in tendons, cartilage, and the cornea.  Because of tight structural constraints, this protein is 35% glycine, and like alpha-keratin, has multiple helical strands wound into a superhelix, but it is in a right hand conformation., FTP, name this protein, which is used to make gelatin.

ANSWER:	-Collagen-

15:	Warning: Two Answers Required.  In some texts, one is associated with Lodur, and hence Loki, while the other has been associated with Hoenir.  In the Prose Edda, they, along with Odin, create Midgard and humanity, but, strangely, are never mentioned again, which is why many scholars believe these two gods to be additions by Snorri Sturiuson to mimic the Christian Trinity.  FTP, name these two gods, whose names mean "holiness" and "will," the brothers of Odin.

A:           -VILI and VE-

16:	Cabbage stealing was just one of many capital crimes, which led, naturally, to rising tensions between the have and have nots.  Most historians would probably classify this as a remarkable overreaction by this man after Cylon attempted to become a tyrant, but on the good side, it did lead to sweeping reforms about 27 years later when serfdom was abolished.  FTP, name this leader of Athens whose strict laws led to Solon's appointment as Archon in 594 B.C.

A:           -Draco-

17:	During the Meiji era, many people moved from mainland Japan to settle in the new frontier of Hokkaido.  Around 1870, the Japanese government recognized the need for a major cit on the island to create a center of trade and jurisdiction.  After being asked by the Japanese government to aid in the design, US Secretary of Agriculture Horace Capron suggested placing an grid-patterned urban area in the central-western part of Hokkaido.  FTP, name this city, an Ainu expression meaning "important river flowing through a marsh", the 5th largest city in Japan, home of Chitose International Airport and of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

A:	-Sapporo- .

18:	In this book, Zona Rosa is head of a Seattle fan club devoted to the group Lo/Rez.  She is the friend and supporter of Chia McKenzie, who has been sent to Tokyo to protect her idol, Rez from his announced wedding.  Colin Laney is a man who can assimilate all the data around a person to actually find patterns who has been hired for the same reason.  FTP, name the title, as well as the name of the bride, for this latest William Gibson book.

ANSWER: -ldoru-

19:	Latin for "greatest bridgemaker," the first to hold this position was Numa Pompillius, who was also the founder of the state religion, or so Livy tells us.  FTP, name this title, which was held by all the Roman emperors, and was later adapted to describe the head of the Catholic Church.

A:            -Ponitfex Maximus-

20:	He was the first person on his team to wear number 45 since Archie Griffin.  He was just the second sophomore to be nominated for the Lombardi award, joining his former teammate Orlando Pace.  For ten points, name the 1997 Butkus award winner, and standout linebacker for Ohio State.

A:	Andy -Katzenmoyer-

21:	He worked under Alexander, the Bishop of Alexandria, but was removed from office around 318 A.D. He set many of his ideas to music, or short jingles, and through a network of friends, he continued to spread his teachings throughout much of the Eastern Roman empire even after he was removed.  Still referred to as a "wicked unbeliever' by most texts, the Church soon noticed the spread of his doctrines and held a conference in 325 to deal with it.  FTP, name this man, whose teachings had the characteristic phrase "there was a time when he was not."

A:           -ARIUS-

22:	Some of their many gods are Diancecht, the God of Medicine, Goibhniu, who knew smithing, Lugh, a god of arts and crafts, Oghma, the god of communications, and the Dagda, the Good God.  They came from four cities in the north, and burned their boats upon arriving to ensure they would have no thoughts of returning.  The land they arrived in was later named Erin, a dative form of one of their great heroes, Eriu.  It is perhaps better known by Ireland, however, where, FTP, which people of fairy lore arrived during the Fifth Wave, recorded in the Irish Book of Invasions?

A:           -TUATHA DE DANAAN-

Bonuses

1:	Identify the following long poetic works from the clues for ten points each.

a.	By Edgar Lee Master, the volume contains more than 250 short poems, thoughts and opinions spoken by the newly dead.
Answer:              -Spoon River Anthology-

b.	By Robert Browning, this play includes a song which end with "God's in his heaven -- /All's right with the world."

Answer:              -Pippa Passes-

c.	By Longfellow, the poem, subtitled "A Tale of Arcadie," begins with the line "This is the forest primeval."

Answer:              -Evangeline-

2:	Once upon a time there was the Uprising of 1745, in which the Scots, led by a Frenchman, rebelled against the English, led by a German.  For the stated number of points, answer these questions about the Uprising:

5 points - Give the name or nickname of the French-born Young Pretender who led the
Scots.

Answer:              -Charles- Edward -Stuart- or -Bonnie Prince Charlie-

1 0 points - Give the name and number of the Hanoverian king of England the Scots opposed.

Answer:                    -George II-

15 points - Give the full name of the woman who helped Bonnie Prince Charlie escape back to France from the Isle of Skye after the crushing defeat at Cutioden.

Answer:                    -Flora MacDonald-

3:	Identify the city on a 30-20-10- basis.

30:	Among other oddities, it is the home of a 266 foot steel tower with a bronze coated sphere on top.

20: Like Nashville, Interstate 40 also passes through it.

10: It is home to the University of Tennesse, and hosted the World's Fair of 1982.

Answer:           -Knoxville-

4:	Given works, identify the American author on a 30-20-1 0 basis:

30:	You Can't Be Any Poorer Than Dead, Parker's Back, The Enduring Chill

20:	Wise Blood, A View of the Woods, The Geranium

10:	A Good Man is Hard to Find, Everything That Rises Must Converge, Good
Country People

Answer:           Flannery -O'Conner-

5:	Identify the Italian artist from works 5-10-15

5.	the Pieta, the Last Judgement
Answer:           -MICHELANGELO-
10.	Judith and Holofernes, Christ Among the Doctors
Answer:           Artemisia -GENTILESCHI-
15.	Battle of the Ten Naked Men, Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
Answer:            Antonio del -POLLAIUOLO-

6: Answer some questions about enzyme kinetics and inhibition.

F l5P, what is the name for the equation which states that the initial reaction velocity equals the maximum velocity times the substrate over the quantity of the constant Km plus the substrate?

ANSWER: -Michaelis-Menten- equation

F l5P, what is the name for the double reciprocal plot of the Michaelis-Menton equation, that plots one over the initial reaction velocity versus one over the substrate concentration?

ANSWER: -Lineweaver-Burk- plot

7:	Identify the characters from the French Revolution FTPE.

A.	This clergyman attended the Estates-General, helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and later he entered the Directory and helped Napoleon defeat it.  He was exiled to Brussels.

Answer:	Emmanuel Joseph (Abbe) -SIEYES-

B.	This French general and Girondist won at Valmy in 1792 and Jemappes in 1793 but was defeated at Neerwinden and deserted to Austria.

Answer:	Charles Francois -DUMOURIEZ-

C.	A lawyer, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly, the Commune of Paris, and the Cordeliers.  He was the de facto head of the Provisional Executive Council and dominated the first Committee for Public Safety.  He was guillotined in 1794 after a mock trial for conspiracy.

Answer: Georges Jacques -DANTON-

8: Identify the following characters from "The Mayor of Casterbridge" by Thomas
Hardy, FTPE

a.	What is the name of the title character?

Answer:            Michael -HENCHARD-

b.	Michael Henchard's rival, this Scotsman takes over the mayorship.

Answer:            Donald -FARFRAE-

c.	This sailor is Eiizabeth-Jane's real father.

Answer:            Richard -NEWSON-

9:	Name the presidential candidate from the given party of the following Selections 5-10-15.

5.. 1860, Constitutional Union        Answer: John -BELL-
10.	1868, Democratic Answer: Horatio -SEYMOUR-, 15. 1880, Greenback Answer: James -WEAVER-

1 0: Identify the following topological terms, Fl5P after the first clue, 5after the second

a.	(15)A distance 'd' defined on this type of space satisfies 'd' is symmetric, 'd' is zero between two points if and only if the points are equal, and 'd' satisfies the triangle inequality.
(5)	A standard of measurement, from the Greek for "measure"

Answer:            -metric-

b.	(1 5) This term characterizes a set that contains all of its limit points.
(5)	It also describes a mind that excludes outside influence, or a syllable that ends in a consonant.

Answer:             -closed-

1 1: Name the group form songs 30-20-1 0

30:	Run for Your Life, Tear it Loose
20:	I'll Take You Alive, I've Had Enough
10:    I Want To Rock, We're Not Gonna Take It

Answer:            -Twisted Sister-

12:	Susan Cooper wrote a Newberry Medal winner and Newberry Honor book in her series which tells the tale of the battle between the Light and the Dark.  These books are told from the point of view of children, namely Will Stanton, the Drew children, as well as Bran and Merriman Lyon.  F5PE, and a bonus for all correct, name the five books in the sequence.

ANSWER:	- Over Sea, Under Stone- -The Dark is Rising- (Newberry Honor) -Greenwitch- -The Grey King- (Newberry winner) -Silver on the Tree-

13:	Name the philosopher, 30-20-1 0.

30:	In his philosophical system, the most simple component was a monad, which
were infinite in number.

20: He was the proponent of the optimistic philosophy ridiculed in Candide.

1 0: Aside from his philosophy, he invented calculus and used the wonderful "d" notation (e.g., dy/dx).

Answer: Gotffried Wilhelm LEIBNIZ

14:	Baseball nicknames!  Given the first and middle name of a famous professional baseball player better known by his nickname, give that nickname FTPE.  For example, if I said "George Herman" you'd say "Babe".

A.	Denton True
B.	Mordecai Peter
C.	James Augustus, or Jim

Answers: A) -CY-, B) _THREE FINGER- (or -MINER-), C) -CATFISH-

15:	Answer the following about the Persian conquests, FTPE

a.	These people ruled Persia before Cyrus and were an integral part of the state after his conquest of them.

Answer: -MEDES-

b.	Cyrus won control of the Greek cities of Asia Minor by defeating this kingdom, ruled by King Croesus.

Answer: -LYDIA-

c.	In 539 BC this city surrendered without a fight, giving Persia control of Palestine.

Answer: -BABYLON-

16:	Name the poet 30,20, 1 0

30.	Born in London in 1688, he could translate Latin and Greek at the age of ten,
and at twelve he began writing an epic poem, Alexander, Prince of Rhodes, some of whose couplets found their way into his later work.

20.	Crippled and deformed by a childhood illness, he never attained full growth, inspiring him to write: The Muse but serv'd to ease some friend, not wife, To help me through this long disease, my life.

1 0. Some of his more famous lines include: "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?", "A little learning is a dangerous thing," and "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread."

Answer: Alexander -Pope-

17:	Identify the major product of the following organic chemistry reactions, 1 0 each.

a.	Ethanol is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid atl4O degrees Celsius.

Answer:             (Di)ethyl -ETHER-

b.	Propene is reacted with acid and water

Answer:	.-2-propanol- (or -ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL-)

c.	Acetophenone is exposed to hydrogen on a Pd (Palladium) catalyst.

Answer:            -ETHYLBENZENE-

18:	Identify the biblical book from which the following verses are lifted.  Note: NRSV translation, 1 0 each.

a.	"You will not fear the terror of the night, or the arrow that flies by day"

Answer:            -PSALMS- (91:5)

b.	"Immediately the fingers of a human hand appeared and began writing on the plaster of the wall of the royal palace, next to the lampstand.  The king was watching the hand as it wrote."

Answer: -DANIEL- (5:5)

c.	"Vanity of vanities, says the Teacher; all is vanity."

Answer: -ECCLESIASTES- (12:8)

19:	Given a subtitle, supply the title of the book for ten points ,five if you need
the author.

1 0	points -'The New Pilgrim's Progress"
5 points - Mark Twain

Answer:            -The Innocents Abroad-

10 points - "A Tale of the Sea"
 5	points - Joseph Conrad

Answer:            -Nostromo-

10 points - "His Life and Strange Surprising Adventures"
 5	points - Daniel Defoe

Answer:            -Robinson Crusoe-
20 Answer the following about the Zulu empire, 5-10-15.
	a. Who founded the empire?	Answer:      -SHAKA-
	b. In what year was it destroyed by the British?	Answer: -1 879-
	c. What was its capital?	Answer: KWA -BULAWAYO-

21:	Identify the chemical type of the minerals, FTPE.  For example, limestone, marble, and dolomite are -CARBONATES-.
a. Galena, Cinnabar, Pyrite.           Answer: -SULFIDES-
b.	Cuprite, Rutile, Magnetite Answer: .-OXIDES
c. Orthoclase, Lepidolite, Beryl.  Answer: -SILICATES-
22: Name the American author from works on a ten-five basis:
10. Indian Camp, The Killers,
5.	For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hills Like White Elephants
Answer: Ernest -Hemingway-
1 0. The Emissary, The Veldt, All Summer in a Day
5.	Dandelion Wine
Answer: Ray -Bradbury-
1 0. Thrift, The Unvanquished
5.	The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom!
Answer: William Faulkner-