Yale C

Yale C Penn Bowl VIII:
ROUND 9 TOSSUPS
Yale C

1. This New York native served on many committees at the Continental Congress. In 1781, he became Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and worked on the Treaty of Paris. In 1789, he administered the oath of office for George Washington as New York's chancellor. FTP, name this man who served on the committees for the Declaration of Independence and the Louisiana Purchase.
ANSWER: Robert Livingston

2. Baeyer [BYE-ur] and Sachse [ZOK-zee] predicted the strains inherent in this class of organic compounds. Surprisingly, some chemists consider ethyne [eh-THYN] to be this class's simplest member. The least strained member has five carbons, while the most famous member, with six carbons, is found in the "chair" conformation in glucose. FTP, name this family of single-bonded ring compounds.
ANSWER: cycloalkane s [prompt on "cyclic" or "carbocyclic" compounds]

3. Arche [AHR-key], for example, is Logos, not Chaos. Metaphysicist Peter van Inwagen [in-VAH-gihn] states this argument doesn't claim to prove the existence of a being that is omniscient, omnipotent, or even morally responsible for its creations. It merely says a Designer created rational beings with a purpose--or rather, an end . FTP, name this argument whose modern forms are known as the post-Darwinian argument.
ANSWER: teleological argument [accept word forms]

4. The monkey Sun Wukung and his exploits with demons, magic, and characters from Taoism and Buddhism appear in this Chinese classic. It began as a tale of the monk Tripitaka's visit to India to collect Buddhist scripture. Soon, the tales of his 20-year pilgrimage became unbelievable, culminating in the protagonist's replacement by Sun Wukung. FTP, name this work popular in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
ANSWER: Hsi Yu Chi or The Record of the Journey to the West [accept equivalents]

5. After a stint as an attorney, this Kentucky native was elected to his state legislature in 1849. In 1851 he was elected to the US House, where he became a loyal Democrat. In 1861, he succeeded Kentucky's John Crittenden in the Senate, but was expelled after joining the Confederate Army and becoming Confederate Secretary of War. FTP, name this man, who served as vice-president for James Buchanan.
ANSWER: John Breckinridge

6. This Oxford-educated London native became editor of Vanity Fair in 1984 and helped lead it to a huge increase in circulation. In 1992, she took over as the first female editor of a 75-year-old magazine. She turned heads with her changes to the magazine. FTP, name this editor, who stunned many in New York and the media with her resignation from The New Yorker in July 1998.
ANSWER: Tina Brown

7. The oldest of these characters, Olga, is unmarried and becomes headmistress of the high school. Masha is married to Kulygin [coo-LEE-gin] a high school teacher, and chooses him over Vershinin [vuhr-SHEE-neen], a lieutenant colonel. The youngest of the Prozorovs, Irinia sees her fiancé Baron Tuzenback die in a duel on the eve of their wedding. FTP, give the collective title for these Anton Chekhov characters.
ANSWER: The Three Sisters by Anton Chekhov

8. Becoming a pastor in 1951, this Alabama native helped organize the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955, and became secretary-treasurer of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. In 1961, he moved his ministry to Atlanta and continued his work in the civil rights movement. FTP, name this civil rights leader who served as president of SCLC from 1968 to 1977.
ANSWER: Ralph Abernathy

9. Wanderer is the name of a city in its Midlands province. Before starring on Melrose Place, Andrew Shue played on this African country's national soccer team. FTP, name this landlocked nation, located northeast of Botswana, and south of the Zambezi River, whose capital is Harare.
ANSWER: Zimbabwe

10. Aye-Aye lemurs are said to use this when they locate bugs in a tree by tapping on its trunk. SONAR is the human equivalent of this method of neural imaging, in which animals use sound waves bouncing off objects to visualize their surroundings. FTP, name this method, which can be used by certain types of whales and all bats, even in the complete absence of light.
ANSWER: echolocation [prompt on early "SONAR"]

11. Her father's daughter, rather than her husband's wife, she sees that her foil, Mrs. Elvsted, has raised writer Eilert Loevborg from the maelstrom of self-destruction. Trying to shape a man's life herself, she destroys Mrs. Elvsted's accomplishment by burning Loevborg's manuscript, and gives him the gun he kills himself with, before she kills herself. FTP, name this title character of an 1890 Henrik Ibsen play.
ANSWER: Hedda Gabler

12. "Its eager yearning for the fire mastered it, and with a great lifting and shifting of its fore feet, it whined softly then flattened its ears down in anticipation of being chidden by the men. But the man remained silent. Later, the dog whined loudly. And still later, it crept close to the man and caught the scent of death. This made the animal bristle and back away." This describes the sole survivor of, FTP, what story by Jack London?
ANSWER: "To Build a Fire"

13. Zip back to the late 1800s, and you can see this African-English-Irish dance combo in minstrel shows. Leap ahead a few decades, and Slap and Happy, Stump and Stumpy, Bubbles, and Bojangles are among its must-see performers. In the present you yourself may brush, flap, cramp roll, or shuffle to the name of, FTP, what American theatrical dance?
ANSWER: tap dance

14. Since the first mysterious outbreak of this disease in 1975, at least 100,000 Americans have been infected. Endemic throughout the Northeast, it is caused by a cork-shaped bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi [berg-DOOR-feh-ree]. FTP, name this disease, whose symptoms include arthritic pain and fever, which is transmitted by deer ticks, and was first diagnosed in Connecticut.
ANSWER: Lyme disease

15. As one of several powerful Greek deities excluded from the Olympian Twelve, this god was content to live, and die, on earth in rural Arcadia as a herdsman. Though stories of his birth vary greatly, many say Hermes fathered him with Dryope or Penelope. FTP, name this god, known for his absolute lack of beauty.
ANSWER: Pan
16. Between 1867 and 1901, he composed ten Lyric Pieces for piano; in 1865, he helped found the Danish concert society Euterpe [yoo-TUHR-pee] to promote Scandinavian music. His longer works include his Holberg Suite and the Piano Concerto in A minor . FTP, name this Norwegian composer, most famous for his 1875 incidental music to Peer Gynt .
ANSWER: Edvard Hagerup Grieg

17. The names sound the same. He did soft rock; they were pubescent rappers. He sang the theme to Arthur ; they released the single "Jump" and the album Da Bomb . They were both corny as hell, and they shared a homophonic name, if we call one of them by a shortened first name. He spells it with C's; they spell it with K's. FTP, name these two entities, who sound like they belong 7 Across and 6 Down.
ANSWER: Kris Kross or Chris (topher) Cross (Go by pronunciation)

18. If Bill told Hillary "I feel your pain" when she was pregannt, he may actually have told the truth. From the French for "to hatch," by this phenomenon, with no clear psychological basis, a father will feel headaches, stomachaches, and other physical effects during his wife's pregnancy. FTP, name this phenomenon, on which everything from anxiety to identification with the fetus and envy of the mother have been blamed.
ANSWER: couvade [koo-VAHD; accept sympathetic labor before "French"]

19. This company, founded by C. K. Hillegass, is based in Lincoln, Nebraska. Only two colors make up its logo, but it is instantly recognized all over the U.S. In fact, the thick, alternating black and yellow diagonal lines are so distinctive that one should hide it from English teachers. FTP, name this study aid and company of the same name, a godsend to many-a-lazy students who neglect their literature reading.
ANSWER: Cliffs Notes , Inc. [do not accept "Cliff Notes"]

20. Joe Klein described this television universe as a world where "Parents and authority figures are either dead, adulterous, in jail, or hopelessly wrongheaded." Not only that, it became infamous for an affair between a student and teacher, and most of the characters' names are given to the wrong gender. FTP, name this show on The WB to which siren Katie Holmes lures countless young men.
ANSWER: Dawson's Creek

21. This South Carolinian, an Air Force prosecutor in Europe in the 1980s, became a lawyer and district attorney before his election as a US Representative. There, he took part in 1997's attempted coup of then-Speaker Gingrich. FTP, name this first Republican on the House Judiciary Committee to suggest the president's censure, who eventually supported impeachment, and is now a manager of the impeachment trial.
ANSWER: Rep. Lindsay Graham

22. Often coveted by dictators and sinister cartoon characters, in SI units, it is kilograms times meters squared over seconds cubed. It measures the rate at which work is done, and is therefore equivalent to Joules per meter. FTP, name this quantity, which He-Man says he has in every episode of his show.
ANSWER: power [prompt on "P"]

23. With "Friend is a Four Letter Word" and "Stickshifts and Safetybelts," this band invented a catchy new funky style. In 1994, they released Motorcade of Generosity , Fashion Nugget in 1996, and Prolonging the Magic in 1998. FTP, name this band with a four-letter name that released a unique cover of "I Will Survive."
ANSWER: Cake
24. While Darrow may be best known for taking on William Jennings Bryan, he also delivered an eloquent speech against the death penalty in a 1924 Illinois murder and kidnapping case. It was called the "trial of the century," although the century had just begun. FTP, name the defendants of this trial, one of whom was the crime-obsessed son of the retired Sears Roebuck VP, the other an ornithologist and philosopher.
ANSWER: Illinois v. Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb

25. Born in 1934 in the USSR, this man didn't become a senator, partly because he was from the USSR, and also because he died in 1968 in a plane crash. Still, he was a deputy to the Supreme Soviet from 1962 until his death. Launched into outer space on April 12, 1961, he orbited the Earth once. FTP, barring alien abduction theories, who was the first man in space?
ANSWER: Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin [guh-GAH-rin]

26. This country is home to Fiordland. No, they don't make Escorts there; rather, it's a region home to both Milford and Doubtful Sound, walking tracks, and the Te Anau resort. Its Ana-Au caves are the only such caves open to the public in the Southern Hemisphere. FTP, name this country southeast of Australia.
ANSWER: New Zealand

27. German Gen. Erich Ludendorff planned to attack this site in hopes of dividing the French army in two in 1918. However, Ludendorff met resistance from Allied forces after reaching it. By July 18, the offensive was called off and the trapped Germans began to withdraw. FTP, name this site of two battles, including the last major German offensive of World War I.
ANSWER: Marne River

28. Founded over 500 years ago, this progressive religion now has over 20 million followers worldwide and is ranked as the world's fifth largest religion. The teachings of its ten Gurus are enshrined in its Holy Book , Living Guru , and Sri Guru Granth Sahib . FTP, name this religion, whose root word in the Punjabi language means "disciple."
ANSWER: Sikh ism

29. Written about 4000 years ago on twelve cuneiform tablets, this secular story features a hero's vain search for immortality and a reference to the Noah-like survivor of a great flood. FTP, name this hybrid interweaving of separate Sumerian tales, one of the longest Babylonian epic poems.
ANSWER: The Epic of Gilgamesh

30. A major league infielder for the Milwaukee Brewers and Toronto Blue Jays from1973 to 1979, this manager worked as a scout and minor league manager before being hired to replace Cito Gaston in 1997. FTP, name this Toronto manager who has come under fire for lying about his service in Vietnam and a basketball scholarship he claimed to have received at UCLA.
ANSWER: Tim othy Johnson
Penn Bowl VIII:
ROUND 9 BONI
Yale C

25 POINT BONUS
1. Name these key players in the recent NBA lockout.
[5] This agent, who represents Patrick Ewing, argued against the new collective bargaining agreement because it would lower player salaries.
ANSWER: David Falk
[10] This deputy commissioner of the NBA was a key person in hammering out the final agreement.
ANSWER: Russ Granik
[15] This Minnesota Timberwolves owner was blamed by many for giving Kevin Garnett a $126 million contract.
ANSWER: Glen Taylor

2. Name these 20th century authors, 10 points each.
a. This author of A Confederate General from Big Sur and Trout Fishing in America killed himself in 1989.
ANSWER: Richard Brautigan
b. Born in 1926, this writer published Kaddish and Other Poems in 1961.
ANSWER: Allen Ginsburg
c. Passing away in 1996, she wrote Wise Blood and Good Country People .
ANSWER: Flannery O'Conner

3. 30-20-10. Name the scientist.
[30] Born in 1839, this physicist/chemist once stated "Mathematics is a language."
[20] He is buried in New Haven's Grove Street cemetery next to his father, an English professor.
[10] Before finals, some intrepid Yale undergraduates draw a _G [delta G ] in the snow in honor of this Yale chemistry professor.
ANSWER: Josiah Williard Gibbs , Jr.

20 POINT BONUS
4. The Federal Reserve gets really bored one day and decides to flex its macroeconomic muscles. It buys $1 billion in bonds and suddenly, loans from banks increase by $5 billion in a closed economy. 10 points each.
a. What is the open-market multiplier?
ANSWER: 6 [= 5000/1000 + 1]
b. What is the required reserve ratio?
ANSWER: 1/6 or $166.67

5. Answer these questions about big things in little Malaysia, 10 points each.
a. Tucked away in that country in the state of Sabah, is this highest peak in southeast Asia.
ANSWER: Mount Kinabalu
b. Because of its distance from Ice Age glaciers, Malaysia features the oldest of these on the planet, which developed 130 million years ago.
ANSWER: rain forest
c. The biggest thing in Malaysia, though, may be the pride of this man, Asia's longest serving ruler.
ANSWER: Prime Minister Mahathir [MAH-hah-theer] Mohammad

25 POINT BONUS
6. Do you like full moons? Answer these questions on creative moons, for the stated number of points.
[5] He sang "Moondance."
ANSWER: Van Morrison
[10] He wrote the book The Moon and Sixpence .
ANSWER: W(illiam) Somerset Maugham
[10] This unnatural group first sang the lines, "When the moon is in the seventh house . . ."
ANSWER: The Fifth Dimension

7. Answer these questions on France's Reign of Terror, 10 points each.
a. This organization, led by Robespierre, directed the Reign of Terror.
ANSWER: Committee of/for Public Safety or Comité de Salut Public
b. He was the leader of the Indulgents, the Jacobins' right wing in the Reign of Terror.
ANSWER: George Danton
c. This leftist Jacobin head led an anti-Christian campaign in 1793, but tried to organize a revolt with the Cordeliers against Robespierre, and lost his head in the process.
ANSWER: Jacques Hébert

8. Identify these figures from the Iran-contra scandal, 10 points each.
a. This 1984 law prohibited the sale of arms or aide to Iran.
ANSWER: Boland Amendment
b. This special prosecutor was hired to investigate the Reagan administration's role in the arms deals with Iran.
ANSWER: Lawrence Walsh
c. This head of the National Security Council authorized Oliver North to give money to the Contras.
ANSWER: John Poindexter

9. Ten points each, given the characters, name the novel.
a. Dominique Francon, Howard Roark, Peter Keating, Ellsworth Toohey, Gail Wynand
ANSWER: The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand
b. Larisa Feodorovna, Victor Komarovsky, Tonia Gromeko, Pasha Antipov
ANSWER: Doctor Zhivago by Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
c. Love Simpson, Rucker Blakeslee, Will Tweedy, Lightfoot McLendon
ANSWER: Cold Sassy Tree by Olive Ann Burns

10. Ten points each, answer these questions about African poetry.
a. This 1957 compilation by Nigerian Olumbe Bassir was the first collection of African poetry translated into English.
ANSWER: An Anthology of West African Verse
b. One of Africa's most important Anglophone poets, he died during the Biafran War, before the 1971 publication of his collection Labyrinths, with Path of Thunder .
ANSWER: Christopher Okigbo [oh-KEEG-boh]
c. Idanre and Other Poems , published in 1967, was written by this Nigerian Nobel Laureate.
ANSWER: Wole Soyinka [soh-YEEN-kah]

20 POINT BONUS
11. Ten points each, name these 18th century philosophers with similarly titled works.
a. Also known as the bishop of Cloyne, he wrote Principles of Human Knowledge and The Three Dialogues . ANSWER: Bishop George Berkeley [BARK-ley], Bishop of Cloyne
b. This author of An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense justified our belief in the material world's independent existence by the inductive principle.
ANSWER: Thomas Reid

12. Answer these questions about mosaics, 10 points each.
a. These small, colored, closely set cube pieces, embedded in plaster or cement, are used to decorate walls, floors, sculptures, and panels.
ANSWER: tesserae or tesselae
b. Name either of the Byzantine rulers whose imperial processions are featured in full-length depictions flanking the apse of the Church of San Vitale [vee-TAHL].
ANSWER: Justinian I or Theodora
c. This late 7th century Islamic monument contains mosaics of acanthus leaves, cornucopias, palm trees, and vases. Its tesserae are set against gold backgrounds with blue and green shades.
ANSWER: Dome of the Rock or Qubbat as-Sakhrah or the Mosque or Masjid of Omar

13. You've heard some dense questions. So answer these questions on density, 10 points each.
a. What element has the highest specific gravity?
ANSWER: Os mium
b. Water's specific gravity is 1. At what temperature, to the nearest degree Celsius, is the density of water 1.00 g/mL [gram per milliliter]?
ANSWER: 4 C
c. Within 1 g/cm3 [gram per cubic centimeter], what is the specific gravity of mercury at 20 C?
ANSWER: 12.546 to 14.546 g/cm3 [13.546 g/cm3]

14. 30-20-10. Identify the word/name.
[30] This orator and leader of the Four Hundred was the first Athenian to make rhetoric his vocation.
[20] John Rutter describes his "Praise Ye the Lord" as "Psalm 150 with" this.
[10] In this "call and answer" style of hymn or liturgical chant, including the "Salve Regina," choir members alternate singing parts.
ANSWER: Antiphon

15. Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire" goes in chronological order. Given the verse fragment, name the year, 10 points each.
a. "Harry Truman, Doris Day/Red China, Johnny Ray/South Pacific, Walter Winchell/Joe DiMaggio"
ANSWER: 1949
b. "Joseph Stalin, Malenkov/Nasser and Prokofiev/Rockefeller, Campanella/Communist Bloc"
ANSWER: 1953
c. "Little Rock, Pasternak/Mickey Mantle, Kerouac/Sputnik, Chou En-Lai/Bridge on the River Kwai "
ANSWER: 1957

16. My brother knocked over the jars holding my worm collection! Name the class these worms belong to, 10 points each.
a. Pete the PlanarianANSWER: Platyhelminthes or helminth s or flatworm s
b. Earthworm KittANSWER: Annelida or annelid s or segmented worm s
c. Hank the HookwormANSWER: Nematoda or nematode s or roundworm s
17. Like Claire Danes, Jordana Brewster chose acting over classes at Yale. 10 points each.
a. Jordana will appear in this NBC miniseries, slated to debut in 1999.
ANSWER: The 60s
b. Jordana was also in this December 1998 turkey, described as The Breakfast Club meets Invasion of the Body Snatchers .
ANSWER: The Faculty
c. She was also on the cover of this magazine, where she looked much better than she did in the facebook. This publication's best section is definitely "Trauma-rama."
ANSWER: Seventeen

18. Ten points each, name these forefathers of geography.
a. His Geographical Guide influenced future travelers. His geography was based entirely on cartography.
ANSWER: Ptolemy or Claudius Ptolemaius of Alexandria
b. This other classical Greek geographer focused on how the environment affected people's lives.
ANSWER: Strabo
c. This founder of scientific geography's measurements of the Earth were the most accurate pre- Renaissance estimates made.
ANSWER: Eratosthenes [eh-ruh-TOSS-thuh-neez] of Cyrene

19. Name the people who committed these media culpas in 1998, 10 points each.
a. This Boston Globe columnist was ultimately fired for plagiarism of George Carlin's Brain Droppings.
ANSWER: Mike Barnicle
b. This newspaper was forced to pay $10 million in a settlement to Chiquita Brands after a reporter hacked the company's voice-mail system.
ANSWER: The Cincinnati Inquirer
c. A UPenn alum, this New Republic writer was fired after being accused of fabrications in over two dozen articles.
ANSWER: Stephen Glass

20. Fifteen points each, identify these types of trees from Greek myth.
a. Carya, the daughter of a Laconian king, was a beloved of Dionysus. When she suddenly died, the mournful god turned her into this tree.
ANSWER: walnut tree
b. When Troy fell, Phyllis died of grief awaiting the return of her lover, Acamas. Athena took pity and turned her into this tree, which when Acamas returned and embraced its bark, burst into flower.
ANSWER: almond tree

21. Ten points each, answer these questions about American painter and sculptress Audrey Flack.
a. Flack added emotionally evocative content to this realistic but impersonal 1960s painting style.
ANSWER: photorealism
b. In this 1969 project, Flack used color slides projected onto canvas, which made outlines unnecessary and let her fill in colored areas with an airbrush.
ANSWER: Farb Family Portrait
c. This 1970s series features still life paintings of a myriad of colorful objects. One painting depicts Marilyn Monroe photos amid jewelry, make-up kits, and fruit.
ANSWER: Vanitas or Vanity

22. Answer these questions on Zoroastrianism, 15 points each.
a. Name this historical romance novel, which is very popular among Zoroastrians in India and based on Aryan scriptures such as the Gathas, Yashts, and Vendidad.
ANSWER: The Saga of the Aryans
b. Name this method of body disposal for a Zarathushtri, in which the corpse in the stone-enclosed Dakhma is destroyed by flesh-eating birds or the sun's rays. It is considered to be not only the most spiritually powerful method, but a hygienic and ecologically sound one, as well.
ANSWER: dakhma-nashini

25 POINT BONUS
23. For the stated number of points, name these major contributors to the wonderful world of wax.
[10] Imprisoned during the French Revolution, this Swiss modeler was forced to make death masks for many of the guillotine's famous victims.
ANSWER: Madame (Marie) Tussaud [TOO-soh]
[15] Admired by Italian futurists, this Italian-born Frenchman was noted for his wax-over-plaster modeling. His most famous projects include Laughing Woman and Man Reading .
ANSWER: Medardo Rosso

24. How much do you know about fashion? I'll give you the name of a designer, and you name the fashion house he works for, 10 points each.
a. Karl Lagerfeld ANSWER: Chanel
b. Tom Ford ANSWER: Gucci
c. Alexander McQueen ANSWER: Givenchy [gee-von-shee]

25. Name the following figures related to California's Proposition 209, for the stated number of points.
[5] This ex-governor of California supported the initiative.
ANSWER: Gov. Pete Wilson
[10] This black Sacramento businessman, a University of California regent, led the battle for Prop 209.
ANSWER: Ward Connerly
[15] Senate Republicans refused to nominate this man for Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights because he claimed Prop 209 was unconstitutional.
ANSWER: Bill Lann Lee

26. Carl Jung [yoong] published drawings made by his patients, of symbolic diagrams representing the Universe, similar to Tantric diagrams. For the stated number of points.
[10] What name is given to these diagrams?
ANSWER: mandala [man-DAH-lah]
[4x5] Jung divided his mandala into four quadrants. Five points each, name them.
ANSWER: anima , animus , ego , shadow

27. Three years ago, the Million Man March brought thousands of black men to Washington. Answer the following questions about its key figures.
[5] This Nation of Islam head was the main organizer of the March.
ANSWER: Louis Abdul Farrakhan or Louis Eugene Walcott
[10] This former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff missed the March while on his book tour.
ANSWER: Colin Luther Powell
[15] This man helped organize the March, despite being fired as NAACP executive director a year earlier.
ANSWER: Benjamin Chavis

28. The recent US bombing of Iraq brought up conflicts between Iraq, the US, and the UN. 10 points each.
a. This UN weapons inspector's report, stating that Iraq was hindering the work of inspectors, helped precipitate the bombing.
ANSWER: Richard Butler
b. This group is in charge of dismantling Iraqi chemical weapons.
ANSWER: U nited N ations S pecial COM mission
c. This man, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, helped plan the bombing.
ANSWER: Gen. Henry H. Shelton

25 POINT BONUS
29. In 1946, ENIAC, the first all-purpose electronic digital computer, went on-line. Designed by the US to calculate shell trajectories for World War II, it also dimmed the lights in West Philly. Five points per word, what does ENIAC stand for?
ANSWER: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator

30. Video game nostalgia time! Ten points each, given a description, name Little Mac's opponents from Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!
a. This Japanese fighter gets to meet you twice. When he twitches his eyebrows, veer away from his head-on assault of eponymous punches.
ANSWER: Piston Honda
b. This royally rotund opponent of unknown age and weight has the biggest mouth around. However, pummel his navel enough, and he's down for good.
ANSWER: King Hippo
c. This big, bald, pinkish Russian is a whirling World Circuit fighter. Fizzle against him, and you'll be subjected to his inane winner's cackle.
ANSWER: Soda Popinski