Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Jan 19, 98 06:10:52 pm -0500 Return-Path: X-Sender: jplevy@postoffice.sas.upenn.edu Date: Mon, 19 Jan 1998 18:10:52 -0500 To: jarvey@sas.upenn.edu From: Josh Levy Subject: Case Western Reserve A X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by orion.sas.upenn.edu id SA A04950 Packet By Case Western Reserve A TOSSUPS 1. Argon is an inert gas that normally does not conduct electricity. However, an argon atom can be ionized when hit by a high energy particle. The creation of a small electric current that can be supported by these charged argon ions serves, for ten points, as the basis for what device used to detect the presence of radioactivity? Geiger-Muller counter Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 2 Geiger-Muller counter 2. In literary contexts, this word can describe any poem whose shape also suggests its subject. It also suggests specific rather than general concepts, as well as those that can be physically perceived. For ten points, identify this word that also describes a mixture of sand, gravel, and broken rock united by cement. Concrete 3. He was son of Amyntor, king of the Thessalian Hellas, but was cursed by his father with childlessness after a violent quarrel. He escaped to Peleus and saw to the upbringing of Achilles. For ten points, name this mythological figure whose name is shared with a famous mythological bird known for renewing itself after self-immolation. Phoenix 4. It originated with the union of the families of Arnulf, the bishop of Metz; and of Pepin of Landon, the mayor of the palace in Austrasia. For ten points, name this dynasty which was prominent between the mid-eighth and tenth centuries, whose family members included Charles the Bald, Lothair I, Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 3 tenth centuries, whose family members included Charles the Bald, Lothair I, and Louis the German, and whose name is taken from Charles Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne. Carolingians 5. In Indonesia, a similar instrument is known as the gambang, and in Africa, it is called an amadinda. First mentioned to exist in Europe around 1511 as a "straw fiddle," the concerts of Michal Josef Guzikov made this instrument a standard in the Western symphony orchestra. For ten points, name this percussion instrument whose name derives from the Greek for "wood sound." Xylophone 6. Jerry Thompson searches to find the meaning of a single word and the true identity of the man who said it. Despite the quantity of information he gains about the man from various acquaintances of the title character, Thompson never does learn the Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 4 learn the meaning of his dying word. For ten points, name this film which revealed in its closing scene the true meaning of "Rosebud." Citizen Kane (prompt on Charles Foster Kane before the word, "title") 7. In 1873, a machine used to predict these events was designed by William Thomson and they were described in Thomson and Tait's Natural Philosophy, 1879 edition. The first American to design a similar machine was William Ferrel, of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, whose machine did not print out curves but rather listed the times and levels of maxima and minima. For ten points, name these events that describe the rise and fall of water at sea level. Tides 8. The innovator for the technology was Otto Schade who worked for RCA, but in 1968, research was begun on its development by NHK, a Japanese broadcasting company. By Christmas 1998, the first products using this Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 5 broadcasting company. By Christmas 1998, the first products using this technology will be on the market, with the first broadcasts mandated by April 1999. For ten points, name this broadcast system which carries more digital picture and sound quality than regular television, which is to become standard by 2006. High Definition Television 9. Under it, one was found guilty of treason would not only lose one's lands to the king, but also one's descendants would forfeit any right to property or assets inherited by title. Because of the severity of punishment and the abuse that could be produced by the legislature, the writers of the American Constitution forbade Congress from issuing similar rules for traitors. For ten points, name this concept mentioned in Article 3 section 3 in which a sentence of death after a conviction of treason or felony resulted in a complete loss of civil and political rights. Attainder [can accept bill of attainder] 10. Cooney and Burrows both tried to get to second base and failed, but Flynn and Blake hit liners to keep the inning going. For ten points, name Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 6 Flynn and Blake hit liners to keep the inning going. For ten points, name the man who was due up next but failed to get the tying two runs home at the bottom of the ninth inning, as immortalized by a poem by Ernest Lawrence Thayer. Casey (at the Bat) 11. Known to the Greeks as Aulon and also known as ash-Shari'ah, meaning "Watering Place", the Hasbani, Hasbatta, and Dan join together in the Hula Valley as the major sources of this river whose floodplain is known as the Zor. For ten points, name this river which meanders between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea. ANSWER: _Jordan_ River(Arabic: Nahr al_Urdun, Hebrew: Ha-Yarden) 12. The effects of this molecule on plant development were discovered by accident when it was noticed that leaks in gas lamps caused neighboring trees to defoliate. For ten points, name this hormone that triggers fruit ripening and the abscission (ab-SIH-shun) of leaves, flowers, and fruits, the simplest of the alkenes. Ethene or ethylene 13. At 3AM, June 28, 1969, a bar at 53 Christopher Street was raided by New Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 7 13. At 3AM, June 28, 1969, a bar at 53 Christopher Street was raided by New York City police. 200 patrons did not take the raid lightly and began a riot which lasted 45 minutes. For ten points, name the bar that was raided, whose name has become linked with the beginning of the active homosexual rights movement. Stonewall 14. In 1768, Jean-Baptiste Le Prince discovered that granulated resin was best used on a copper plate, creating this technique to produce toned prints. Francisco de Goya was considered its master, but it fell out of use following his For ten points, give the term for a method of etching in which a solution of asphalt or resin covers a metal plate, which when exposed to acid can produce a variety of tones. Aquatint 15. Both Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raise portray the title character in this Julie Faymore stage adaptation. It is thought that this musical sold over $2.7 million in tickets the day after opening at the New Amsterdam Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 8 over $2.7 million in tickets the day after opening at the New Amsterdam Theater last November. For ten points, name this Broadway blockbuster yet another musical based on a Disney animated movie. The Lion King: the Broadway Musical 16. Category 10 suppresses cellular immunity and promotes mast cell growth. Categories 1-alpha and 1-beta produce inflammation and fever as well as activate phagocytes. Category 4 causes B cell proliferation and expression of IgE antibodies. For ten points, name this class of chemical messenger secreted by some endothelial cells and neurons, as well as many macrophages and lymphocytes in order to activate an immune response. ANSWER: _Interleukins_ or _Cytokines_ or _Lymphokines_ 17. One had to be a single French male under 30 to be eligible to compete. 100 or more people spent 12 hours in round one, the top twenty going on to the 28 hour round two. The ten finalists would then copete for 76 days in the final round. For ten points, name this prestigious award in art for which the winner would beimmersed in classical culture for three to five years at the Academie de France in Italy. Prix de Rome Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 9 18. A marble effigy made by Nicholas Stone from a drawing of a man in a shroud stands in St. Paul's Cathedral, where the subject was dean from 1621 to 1631. The drawing was made while he was dying of stomach cancer, having made his own funeral sermon, published as "Death's Duell". For ten points, whose "Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions" includes the lines "therefore never send to know for whom the bells tolls; it tolls for thee." ANSWER: John _Donne_ 19. "Let mercy be the cotton, contentment the thread, Continence the knot and truth the twist. O priest! If you have such a thread, Do give it to me." So he said in refusing the sacred cotton thread from a Hindu priest in a ceremony, to the disappointment of his family. Accompanied by the rabab player Mardana, he later anointed Lehna as his follower Angad. For ten points, name this founder of Sikhism ANSWER: _Guru Nanek_ 20. His father was from Afghanistan, his mother born in Italy, and he was born in Seattle. He studied tap dancing but later learned ballet where with Gerald Arpino. In 1948, he moved to New York City where he Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 10 where with Gerald Arpino. In 1948, he moved to New York City where he continued to learn and perform ballets, eventually creating Persephone (1952) and opening his own school. For ten points, name this performer, who along with Arpino, founded a New York ballet company which later moved to Chicago. Robert Joffrey (accept Abdullah Joffa Bey Khan) 21. At one time ranked as high as the 18th in the junior tennis circuit, she dropped out of Swarthmore after three semesters to try to become a pro tennis player. These plans didn't work out, and she wound up attending Stanford University, graduating in 1973 with degrees in English and physics. Ratehr than study Shakespeare, she went on to the Stanford Department of Physics. For ten points, name this scientist who then entered NASA as a mission specialist and, who, on June 18, 1983, would become the first American woman in space. Sally Kristen Ride 22. In 1510, a head was stolen from Mainz and brought to Duren. It belonged to this figure of apochryphal literature who may not even be real because her story may merely be copied from that of the conception of Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 11 real because her story may merely be copied from that of the conception of Samuel. FTP, name this patroness of Brittany, Quebec, miners, and women in labor, the wife of Joachim and the mother of the Virgin Mary. ANSWER: _Anne_ or _Hannah_ 23. In the words of its painter, "at the extreme right, appears a scandalously hieratic-looking couple, a young dandy with a rather excessively elegant lady on his arm who has a yellow, purple, and ultramarine monkey on a leash.'' For ten points, name this pointillist masterpiece by Georges Seurat. ANSWER: _"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jatte_" or _Un dimanche apr^?s-midi ^? l'Ile de la Grande Jatte_ (Prompt on "Le Grande Jatte") 24. Adam Ismail, Mustafa Khalil, and Abdullah al-Umari filled a lawsuit in San'a, Yemen against an invasion--not of their native country, but of this property which they claim they inherited from ancestors 3000 years ago. A 1967 international treaty gives ownership of the land in question to all people and no country. For ten points, NASA was sued for its "trespassing" on what planet? ANSWER: _Mars_ Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 12 ANSWER: _Mars_ 25. It is thought that it was taken from Egypt to Sicily as part of the ballast of a ship and then discarded. For ten points, name this stone on which is a record of the names of Egyptian kings and the most important events of their reigns, named for the Sicilian city where it has been preserved and displayed since 1877. The Palermo Stone 26. This chemist was the first to describe the structure of steroids, and his name is associated with 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentenophenanthrene using selenium as a reagent. For ten points, name this scientist best known for having produced new organic compounds from the synthesis of dienes, for which he and Kurt Alder won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Otto Diels 27. Steve Whitmire has been responsible for bringing this character to life since 1990. During the late seventies and early eighties, he introduced the likes Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 13 the likes of Debbie Harry, Helen Reddy, Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers, Victor Borge, and John Denver on his weekly variety show. For ten points, name this green American icon originally created and voiced by Jim Henson. Kermit the Frog 28. The son of a pagan knight, he was born in Hungary in AD 316 and became a Roman soldier. It was on the way to Amiens that he had a dream which inspired him to convert to Christianity. Founder of the monastery of Liguge, he was named the bishop of Tours and became the patron saint of charity and knights. For ten points, anme this man most often pictured cutting his cloak and giving half to a beggar. Saint Martin 29. Zeami Motokiyo was the foremost expert of this style of literature during the 15th century, not only by writing some of the finest works known in this, genre but also authoring various treatises and discourses about the "proper way" to perform them. For ten points, name this style of Japanese theatre marked by magnificent poetic style and plots that generally seek to uncover the mystery and reality of life Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 14 and plots that generally seek to uncover the mystery and reality of life itself. Noh 30. An electrician by trade, he was an editor of Exploration Magazine, writing several articles between 1978 and 1979 during the "democracy spring" period. That the modernization of any country cannot occur without democracy was the thesis of his most famous article "The Fifth Modernization." For ten points, name this famous Chinese dissident who was recently released from prison for medical treatment. Wei Jingsheng BONI by Case Western Reserve 1. You might be glowing at if you get the first tossup, identify the following items related to radioactivity for ten points each. A) Equivalent to 100 ergs per gram, this unit measures the absorbed dose of radiation for a target. Rad Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 15 Rad B) This effect occurs when the incident photon from a radioactive source collides with an electron present in a target material. The photon is deflected and collides with other electrons, losing energy in the process. Compton effect C) To reduce the production of penetrating X-rays caused by this process, shield a beta-emitting substance with low-atomic number materials like plastic rather than high-atomic number materials like lead Bremsstrahlung process 2. 1998: It's the Year of the Tiger!!! Identify these people born in years that correspond to the Year of the Tiger in the Chinese horoscope. A) Born in 1254, this Venetian merchant toured Europe and Asia between 1271 and 1295, spending 17 of those years in China. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 16 and 1295, spending 17 of those years in China. Marco Polo B) Born in 1890 in Schwadonitz, Czechoslovakia, he is best known for writing the play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) in 1921. Karel Capek (CHA-pehk) C) Born in 1770, this German philosopher mused in his Aesthetik that the sufferings of the tragic hero are merely a means of reconciling opposing moral claims through a process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 3. Given a description of a character in Voltaire's Candide, name the character, for the stated number of points. A-5) This professor of metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-nigology was Candide's instructor. Pangloss Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 17 B-10) Candide is separated from this beautiful girl early in the work. When they are reunited in Turkey, she has become hideously ugly. Cunegonde (COO-nay-gond) C-15) This character visits the city of El Dorado with Candide. Cacambo 4. Identify the following terms in investment economics for a return of 10 points each. A) This is a professionally managed portfolio of stocks and other investments whose net-asset value changes with the value of the securities in the portfolio Mutual fund B) This is the equivalent to 100 shares of stock, the most convenient unit of trading stock and calculating commissions. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 18 of trading stock and calculating commissions. Round lot or Book C) The acronym for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, it acts similarly to Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac 5. Identify the African nation based on the following features for ten points each. A) Most of the Kalahari Desert lies in this country. Botswana B) This country contains Jebel Toukbal, the highest peak in the High Atlas Morocco C) The forts at Dixcove, Elmina, Cape Cove, and Apam, built for protecting ships engaged in the gold, ivory, and slave trades are found in this country Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 19 ships engaged in the gold, ivory, and slave trades are found in this country Ghana 6. Answer the Genetics Problem, FTP each. What is the coefficient of relatedness (in fractions) between the following relations: (10) Son and father ANSWER: _ONE HALF_ (10) Grandmother and granddaughter ANSWER: _ONE FOURTH_ (10) Cousins ANSWER: _ONE EIGHTH_ 7. Identify the political opponents who defeated the following in the 1997 elections for fifteen points each, or five points if you need the office in contention. A-15: Don Beyer A-5: Governor of Virginia Jim Gilmore Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 20 Jim Gilmore B-15: Eric Vitaliano B-5: New York 13th Congressional District, ceded by Susan Molinari Vito Fossella 8. 30-20-10. Name the composer. 30: In 1780, when visiting Vienna, the Austrian emperor Joseph II engaged Mozart and this composer in a friendly musical duel. 20: A prodigy born in Rome, this composer was appointed as an organist in 1761 at age 9 and composed an oratorio at age 12. At 21, he moved to London. 10: He is considered by many to be the "father of the piano," best known for the 1817 piano study Gradus ad Parnassum . Muzio Clementi Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 21 Muzio Clementi 9. Name the writer of the following works for ten points each. A) The poem "Macavity: The Mystery Cat" Thomas Stearns Eliot B) His short story "The Drummer Boy of Shiloh" is an example of his work in historical fiction, not science fiction. Raymond Douglas Bradbury C) His play The Romancers was the basis for the 1960 musical The Fantasticks Edmond Rostand 10. Name the dynasties for the points stated. A-5) Beginning with count Frederick, its members ruled the Holy Roman Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 22 A-5) Beginning with count Frederick, its members ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1138 to 1208 and 1212 to 1254. Hohenstaufen B-10) The first was founded by Menes who unified Egypt. Memphite C-15) This Korean dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910. It established its capital at Hanyang, now present day Seoul. Yi or Choson 11. Answer the following questions whose answers are somehow related for ten points each. A) He won the 1959 Hugo Award for Flowers for Algernon. Daniel Keyes B) The first African-American to attend Oxford as a Rhodes scholar he compiled anthologies for black writers and composers during the Harlem Renaissance. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 23 Renaissance. Alain Le Roy Locke C) His 1865 patent on an improved cylinder lock is still the fundamental basis for the locks manufactured by his company. Linus Yale 12. The 1998 Rose Bowl marks the last year in which the Big-10 and Pac-10 champions are contracted to play against each other. Answer the following questions about the Rose Bowl for ten points each. A) Name the last non-Big-10, non-Pac-10 member team to play in the Rose Bowl, which it won in 1946. Alabama B) Only once was the Rose Bowl not played in Pasadena. Where was the 1942 Rose Bowl played? Durham, North Carolina, or Duke University C) Which team has won the most Rose Bowl games? Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 24 C) Which team has won the most Rose Bowl games? University of Southern California (prompt on USC) 13. Identify these operas on a 15-10 basis 15) A setting of a poetic text by Alessandro Striggio the Younger, this opera, first performed in Mantua in 1607, specified exactly which instruments were to be used at certain dramatic moments. 10) This tragedy was the first opera written by Claudio Monteverdi ANSWER: La favola d'_Orfeo_ 15) Gasparo Angiolini included the Dance of the Furies from the ballet "Don Juan" in staging the ballet sequences of the original 1762 production of this Italian reform opera with libretto by Ranieri Calzabigi 10) This Christoph Gluck opera has a happy ending as Amor, the god of Love, restores a character to life. ANSWER: _Orfeo ed Euridice_ (Accept _Orfeo and Euridice_) 14. 30-20-10 Name the Scientist 30) This first head of the Academie des Sciences in Paris. 20) In his Horologium, he described a pendulum-regulated clock. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 25 20) In his Horologium, he described a pendulum-regulated clock. 10) He explained reflection and refraction in his principle of secondary wave fronts. ANSWER: Christiaan _Huygens_ 15. Supply the appropriate literary term from these descriptions for ten points each. A) A poetic meter that is described as a foot with one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, such as in the word "again". Iambic B) This type of stanza contains seven lines. Heptastitch C) This four-letter word describes a character whose purpose is to be contrasted with another character Foil Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 26 16. Dream sequences are pretty cheesy in television dramas, but they are a staple in Biblical history. Name the people who had signs and visions from God for the stated number of points. A-5) He dreamed of his brothers' sheaves of wheat bowing to him. Joseph B-10) He witnessed the sign where a fleece of woool was soaked with water while the surrounding ground was dry. Gideon C-15) A man riding a red horse, the horns and the blacksmiths, a man with a ruler, Joshua and Satan, the lampstand and olive trees, the flying scroll, and the woman in a basket are the seven visions witnessed by this prophet. Zechariah 17. Think about these ways to think, and answer each correctly for fifteen points each. A) To solve a problem, one can use this type of procedure in which each Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 27 A) To solve a problem, one can use this type of procedure in which each step and operation is methodically followed, like "multiply, divide, add, subtract." Algorithm B) People playing "Wheel of Fortune" use this type of problem solving technique to solve the puzzles. They use "tricks" and other "rules of thumb" that have worked for them in practice but may not work under pressure. Heuristics 18. Answer the following questions about the television antagonists of Jerry Seinfeld, for the stated number of points. For 5: He is Jerry's Neighbor and Nemesis. Unfortunately, they are both friends with Kramer, so conflict is likely to occur. Answer: _NEWMAN_ For 10: He's Jerry's Nemesis at the clubs that he works. He's a Coat-tail riding comedian that Jerry detests because of his stupid "Ovaltine" Joke Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 28 riding comedian that Jerry detests because of his stupid "Ovaltine" Joke Answer: Jerry _BANYA_ For 15: This dentist converted to Judaism just for the jokes, and then convinced everyone that Jerry knew that Jerry was an Anti-Dentite. Answer: Tim _WATLEY_ 19. Name the philosopher 30-20-10. 30) He traced the proofs of Euclid's Elements until he was convinced of their truth. This process led him to use geometry to gain insight into the principles of motion, the basis for his Short Tract on First Principles. 20) He is popular for his thought on governments, saying that men can only live together in peace if they agree to subject themselves to an absolute and undivided sovreign. 10) His two widest known works are De Cive and Leviathan. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 29 10) His two widest known works are De Cive and Leviathan. Tomas Hobbes 20. Name the god or goddess from the following descriptions, for the stated number of points. A) For five points, the Greek god of the winds. Aeolus B) For ten points, the warrior of Irish legend who owned the golden cup. It shattered when three lies were told into it, and reformed when three truths were told into it. Cormac MacAirt C) For fifteen points, this Haitian Voodoo goddess of basic life forces is married to three gods. Erzulie Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 30 21. Given the following descriptions, describe the order of the kinetics for a simple unimolecular chemical reaction which a substance A is broken down into various products, for fifteen points each. A) Any reaction of this order can produce a straight line when plotting the natural log of the concentration of A versus time. First order B) The half-life of the chemical reaction can be calculated as the initial concentration of A divided by twice the rate constant. Zero order 22. Identify these battles for ten points each. A) The first engagement, on September 19, was at Freeman's Farm, the second, on October 7, at Bemis Heights. By October 17, John Burgoyne surrendered to Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 31 on October 7, at Bemis Heights. By October 17, John Burgoyne surrendered to Horatio Gates. Saratoga B) The Russians failed to invade German East Prussia in August 1914 because of their defeat in this World War I battle. Tannenberg or Stebark C) Themistocles was the victorious commander at this first great naval battle between Greek triremes and larger, less manueverable Persian ships. Salamis 23. Time for a time bonus. Answer the following questions regarding the calendar year for fifteen points each. A) In the Hebrew calendar, this is the first month. Tishri B) The ancient Egyptian civilization began their year with the rise of Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 32 B) The ancient Egyptian civilization began their year with the rise of this bright star. Srius 24. 30/20/10. Name the peace agreement. 30) John Oxenstierna and John Adler Salveirs represented Sweden and, along with the French delegation, presented the first proposals for peace. 20) Negotiated in Munster and Osnabruck, terms included that Brandenburg get eastern Pomerania and provided for official recognition of Switzerland and the Netherlands as independent states. 10) This settlement of 1648 supported religious tolerance as stated by the Peace of Augsburg, and transfer power from the Holy Roman Emperor to the princes. Peace Treaty of Westphalia Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 33 25. For fifteen points each, identify the following emperors who helped unify Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. A) He weakened the Japanese feudal system in his failed attempt to conquer Korea as thousands of samurai died, depleting the daimyo of their armies and their power. Hideyoshi B) He founded Edo as the new capital city and forced the daimyo to live in Edo for part of the year and their families to settle there permanently. Iyeyasu 26. Given some works, name the artist 30-20-10. 30) The Death of Bara. Madame Recamier. 20) The Death of Socrates. The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons. Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 34 10) Napoleon in His Study. The Coronation of Napoleon. Jacques-Louis David 27. Identify these Booker prize winners from the year for 15 points, or a second clue for 5. A-10: Name the novel that won in 1989. A-5: The author was Kazuo Ishiguro. The Remains of the Day B-10: Name the author who won in 1982. B-5: The novel was Schindler's Ark, the basis for the movie Schindler's List. Thomas Keneally 28. Identify the following Russian painters for fifteen points each. This painter was born in Turkey as Vosdanik Adoian and is best known for paintings done in his later life featuring abstract "biomorphic forms" Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 35 paintings done in his later life featuring abstract "biomorphic forms" such as The Liver is the Cock's Comb and How My Mother's Embroidered Apron Unfolds in My Life. Arshlie Gorky Name the Russian Jack of Diamonds member known for Black Square and a series entitled White on White. Kasimir Severinovich Malevich 29. Answer the following questions about our favorite atmospheric trend du jour, El Nino for ten points each. A) The name El Nino refers to this person, whose birthday is commemorated around the time the effects of an El Nino were first seen. Jesus Christ B) El Nino is associated with an unusual warming of the equatorial Pacific, while this term is used to describe an unusual cooling of the same area. La Nina or El Viejo Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 36 La Nina or El Viejo C) The strength of an El Nino event is determined by measuring the strength of the trade winds between Tahiti, French Polynesia and Darwin, Australia. What is this index called? Southern Oscillation Index 30. Given a description, identify the Catholic monastic order for ten points each. A) Founded by William Chaminade in Bordeaux in 1817, followers of this order wear a gold ring on their right hand as a physical reminder of their vow to faithfulness to the congregation, stability, and a special consecration to the Virgin. Marianists, or Society of Mary B) One of the mendicant orders, it was established by a group of former crusaders and pilgrims living near a mountain desiring to follow the way of Message 3/80 From Josh Levy Page 37 crusaders and pilgrims living near a mountain desiring to follow the way of life of the prophet Elijah. Carmelites C) This religious order was founded in 1535 at Brescia, Italy, as the first institute for women dedicated exclusively for the education of girls. Ursuline, or Order of St. Ursuline ---Josh ============================================================================== I do not trust your bitch.---Frederich Nietzche, in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra"